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中国矿业大学毕业设计任务书学院 应用技术学院 专业年级 机自05-1班 学生姓名 雷洁 任务下达日期： 2009 年3 月14 日毕业设计日期： 2009 年3 月 15 日 至2009 年 6 月 10 日毕业设计题目：矿车清车机毕业设计专题题目：毕业设计主要内容和要求：主要内容通过设计，实现高效快速的清理矿车粘底物，并不损坏矿车，要求设计合理，较之传统清车机有一定的优越性与先进性。其本要求 设计要求清车机额定效率为5.5kw,截割速度为1.6m/s。设计图纸量折合成A0图纸不少于3张，并完成设计说明书，要求说明书正文不少于70页,要有英文相关文章的翻译，翻译成中文后不少于3000字。院长签字： 指导教师签字： 摘 要矿车在煤矿井下运输中占有十分重要的地位，煤矸粘结矿车车底是煤矿生产运输过程中存在的一个普遍问题。经常而及时地清扫矿车车箱是提高矿井轨道运输效率的重要因素。不论煤质，粒度组成及含水量如何，由于煤矿生产环境的恶劣，加之在运输的过程中的振动等原因，卸车之后总会有少量的煤炭，煤矸等易粘结的物料粘结在矿车车箱底部及邻帮。若不将这些残留煤，岩粉及时清除干净，则会越积越厚，越积越结实，增加了矿车自重，使矿车的有效容积减少，它不仅直接影响着矿车的运输能力，造成了运输系统的紧张状况，而且增加了电力资源的浪费，甚至使电机车运输时空列起动发生困难，所以清理车底的问题，在煤矿就显得尤为重要。本设计在传统机械矿用清车机的基础上加入了液压系统，由摩擦离合器控制行走部该为液压控制，安装了多路电磁换向阀，分别控制清车机前后，左右的移动以及摇臂的运动，克服了摩擦离合控制因打滑无法清理矿车车底粘结物的弊端。关键词： 清车机； 液压； 矿车 ABSTRACTMine car plays an important part in the coal mine underground haulage. The gaugue felt on the bottom of the coal car is one of the common problems on the process of coal production and transportation. To clean the compartment of mine car frequently and promptly is a significant way of raising the efficiency of mine pit rail haulage. No matter the quality of coal, the size composition and water content as well, due to the bad environment of coal production and the vibration in the process of transportation, there always has some coal and other materials left which was very easy to cake on the bottom of the mine car after unloading. If we do not clean these remaining coal and rock meal soonly, they would be heavier and solider, which would increase the weight of mine car so that decrease the effective volume of it. Then it would not only affect the transportation ability of mine car directly and make the intense condition of the transportation system, but also increase the waste of electric power, and even make substantial difficulty in starting the spacial vehicle while transporting the electrical machinery truck. So cleaning the bottom of the mine car become espectially important. This design add the hydraulic system on the basis of traditional cleaning machine for mechanical mine car. It changes clutch control into the hydraulic control, and is added the multi-channel electromagnetism cross valves which controlled the all round migration of cleaning machine and the movement of the rocking shaft. It also overcomes the shortcoming that the friction control cannot clean the remainings on the bottom of mine car due to its splitting.Keyword: Pure car machine; Hydraulic pattern; Mineral car英文原文Integration of machinery present situation and development tendency introduction The modern science and technology unceasing development, enormously impelled different discipline intersecting with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation. In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectron technology and the computer technology rapid development and its forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to step into the integration of machinery by the machinery electrification for the characteristic development phase.1. integrations of machinery outlinesThe integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the electron design and software which constitutes always to call.Mechatronics development since has become one has its own system of new disciplines, as science and technology is developing, will be given new content. However, its basic characteristics can be summarized as : electromechanical integration is from the system point of view, the integrated use of machinery technology, electronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensor monitoring technology, power electronics technology, interface technology, Transform information technology and software programming technology, and other technical groups, according to target functional and optimization objectives of the Organization, rational distribution and the distribution of the functional unit, multi-function, high-quality, high reliability, Energy-efficient realization of the significance of specific functions, which makes the whole system optimization of systems engineering technology. And the resulting functional systems, electromechanical integration into a system or electromechanical integration products.Therefore, mechatronics covered technical and product two aspects. However, electromechanical integration technology is based on the above-mentioned groups, organic fusion technology an integrated technology, which is not mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, and other new technologies simple combination of patchwork. This is the mechanical and electrical integration and electrical machinery and processing machinery formed by electrification in the fundamental concept of distinction. Mechanical engineering technology purely technical development of electric machinery, the machinery is still traditional, Its main function is still to replace and enlarge the physical. However, the development of electromechanical integration, which the microelectronics devices may replace some mechanical parts of the original function, also given many new functions, such as the automatic detection, automatic processing, automatic record Automatic adjustment and control automatic diagnosis and protection. That is, electromechanical integration products is not only the hands and limbs extended, or the sensations and minds of the eyes, with the characteristics of intelligent mechatronics and mechanical functions in the electrification of the essential difference between.2. Electromechanical integration of development Electromechanical integration, the development can be roughly divided into three stages. 20 1960s before the first stage, the stage called the initial stage. During this period, people unconsciously use of electronic technology in the preliminary results to perfect the performance of mechanical products. Especially during the Second World War, a war to stimulate the machinery and electronic technologies, These electromechanical combination of military technology to civilian use after the war, the post-war economic recovery played a positive role. At that time, research and development on the whole is still in a state of spontaneous. Due to the time of the development of electronic technology has not yet reached a certain level. Mechanical Technology and the integration of electronic technology is still impossible to extensive and in-depth development, and has developed products are not widely promoted. 20 Century 70 80 years for the second stage, known as the flourishing development stage. During this period, computer technology, control technology, communications technology, electromechanical integration of development laid a technological basis. Massive, super-scale integrated circuits and micro-computer rapid development electromechanical integration of the development provided adequate material basis. This period is characterized by : mechatronics first term in Japan is generally acceptable, Some of the 20th century, the late 1980s the world will be more widely accepted; electromechanical integration technologies and products to be a tremendous development; countries have started to electromechanical integration technologies and products give a great deal of concern and support. 20 late 1990s and began electromechanical integration technology to intelligent direction of the new stage, electromechanical integration into the in-depth development period. On one hand, optical, communication technology into the electromechanical integration, microfabrication technology has electromechanical integration, which would take place the first leg, a-mechanical-electrical integration, and micro-electromechanical integration of new branches; on the other hand, electromechanical integration system modeling design, Analysis and Integration, electromechanical integration of disciplines and development trends have conducted in-depth research. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence technology and neural network technology and fiber technology, and other fields made tremendous progress, electromechanical integration of technology has opened up a vast world of development. These studies will help further establish mechatronics integrity of the foundation and gradually form a complete scientific system. China is from the 1980s of the 20th century only at the beginning of studies in this respect and application. The State Council has established a leading group electromechanical integration, and the technology as the 863 Program. For the Ninth Five-Year Plan planning and development program in 2010 when full account of international electromechanical integration of technology development trends and the resulting potential impact. Many tertiary education institutions, research institutes and large and medium-sized enterprises in some of this technology development and application done a lot of work, not achieved certain results, but with Japan and other advanced countries still have a considerable gap.3. Electromechanical integration, the development trend Mechatronics combines mechanical, electronic, optical, control, computer, information and other multidisciplinary cross-integrated, its development and progress and to promote reliance on technology related to development and progress. Therefore, electromechanical integration, the main direction of development is as follows :3.1 IntelligentIntelligent 21st century electromechanical integration of technological development an important development direction. Artificial Intelligence in electromechanical integration of builders is receiving increasing attention, CNC machine tools and robots intelligent application is important. Here the intelligent to describe the machinery is in control theory on the basis of absorption artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy math, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics of new ideas, new methods, simulate human intelligence, it is judgment, reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision-making ability, in order to get a higher control objectives. Indeed, to make the integrated products is identical with the people on the wisdom, it is impossible, but also unnecessary. However, the high performance, high-speed microprocessors to make the integrated products are endowed with low intelligence or of some smart, it is entirely possible and necessary. 3.2 Modular Modularity is an important and difficult project. Mechanical and electrical integration product lines and numerous manufacturers, research and development interface with the standard mechanical, electrical interface, Dynamic Interface, environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a very complex but very important things. If developed Set slowdown, the smart governor, the electrical characteristics of the power unit with vision, image processing, Identification and location of the functions of the control unit and can be completed various typical-operated mechanical device. Thus, the use of standard cell can quickly develop new products, while also expanding production scale. This requires the development of standards for the various components, modules and interface matching. Due to a conflict of interest, the recent difficult to develop an international or national standards in this regard. But through the formation of some large enterprises have gradually formed. Clearly, the standardization of electrical products and serialization of the benefits can be sure, Whether to production standards electromechanical integration of enterprises or units of production electromechanical integration of enterprise products, scale enterprises electromechanical integration will bring about a better future. 3.3 Network90s of the 20th century, computer technology is an outstanding achievement in networking technology. Network Technology and the rise to the rapid development of science and technology, industrial production, political, military, Education act everyday life are what people have brought tremendous changes. Various networks to the global economy, as a production company, and inter-enterprise competition will globalization. Electromechanical integration of new products once developed, as long as their unique functional, reliable, and will soon be sold all over the world. Due to the popularity of the network, the network-based remote control and monitoring technology is ascendant. and the remote control terminal equipment itself is mechatronics products. Fieldbus and LAN technology is the network of household appliances has become the trend, use home network (home net) will be linked into various household appliances to computers at the center of computer integrated home appliances system (computer integrated appliance system, CIAS), so that people at home sharing the various high-tech facilities and happiness. Therefore, electromechanical integration, network products undoubtedly towards the direction of development. 3.4 miniaturization Miniature rise in the 20th century the end of the 1980s, refers to the integration of micro-electromechanical machines and the micro trend of development. Foreign known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), refers to the geometric size of more than 1 cm3 of mechatronics products, and Micron, nano-level development. MEMS integration products small size, less consumption, exercise flexibility in biological medical, military, , and other aspects of information due to the advantages. Micro-electro-mechanical integration is the bottleneck MEMS technology, micro-electromechanical integration products are processed using sophisticated processing technologies. that the ultra-sophisticated technology, including lithography and etching techniques two. 3.5 Green Industry developed for the peoples living brought tremendous changes. On one hand, material wealth, living comfortable; The other hand, a reduction of resources, the ecological environment has been seriously polluted. So, people called for the protection of the environment and resources, and return to nature. Green product concept came into being under such voices, green is the trend of the times. Green products in its design, manufacture, use and destruction of the life process, meet specific environmental and human health, at the request of the ecological environment or harm innocent little, a very high utilization rate of resources. 3.6 systematizedSystematic one of the features of the system architecture is the further use of open and the model bus architecture. System configuration can be flexible, tailoring and arbitrary combinations, while seeking to achieve more coordination and control subsystems and integrated management. 2 performance of the communication function is greatly enhanced, in addition to general RS232, RS485 there, the personification of DCS. Future integration of mechanical and electrical products and pay more attention to the relationship between people, electromechanical integration of personalization has two implications. Level, the integration of mechanical and electrical products to the end user is people, how to give electromechanical integration of intelligent products, emotional, Humanity has become increasingly important, especially for household robots, is the realm of its senior man-machine integration. At another level, it is an imitation of biological mechanism, the development of various electromechanical products flowers. In fact, many of mechatronics products are inspired by the developed the of animals.4. ConclusionIn summary, the emergence of mechatronics is not isolated, it is in many scientific and technological development of the crystallization is the development of social productive forces to a certain stage of the inevitable requirement. Of course, and the Electrical and Mechanical related to the integration of many technologies, and with the development of science and technology. technical integration of the trend is becoming increasingly obvious. electromechanical integration of a broad development prospects will be brighter. 中文译文机电一体化的现状和发展趋势现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，导致了工程领域的技术革命与改造。在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入了“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶段。 1机电一体化概要机电一体化是指在机构得主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。机电一体化发展至今也已成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科，随着科学技术的不但发展，还将被赋予新的内容。但其基本特征可概括为：机电一体化是从系统的观点出发，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术、电力电子技术、接口技术、信息变换技术以及软件编程技术等群体技术，根据系统功能目标和优化组织目标，合理配置与布局各功能单元，在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值，并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术。由此而产生的功能系统，则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。因此，“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产品”两个方面。只是，机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术，而不是机械技术、微电子技术以及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别。机械工程技术有纯技术发展到机械电气化，仍属传统机械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的体力。但是发展到机电一体化后，其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外，还能赋予许多新的功能，如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制自动诊断与保护等。即机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸，还是人的感官与头脑的眼神，具有智能化的特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。2机电一体化的发展状况机电一体化的发展大体可以分为3个阶段。20世纪60年代以前为第一阶段，这一阶段称为初级阶段。在这一时期，人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能。特别是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合，这些机电结合的军用技术，战后转为民用，对战后经济的恢复起了积极的作用。那时研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态。由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平，机械技术与电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展，已经开发的产品也无法大量推广。20世纪7080年代为第二阶段，可称为蓬勃发展阶段。这一时期，计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术的发展，为机电一体化的发展奠定了技术基础。大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型计算机的迅猛发展，为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物质基础。这个时期的特点是：mechatronics一词首先在日本被普遍接受，大约到20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内得到比较广泛的承认；机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大发展；各国均开始对机电一体化技术和产品给以很大的关注和支持。20世纪90年代后期，开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段，机电一体化进入深入发展时期。一方面，光学、通信技术等进入了机电一体化，微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚，出现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支；另一方面对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法，机电一体化的学科体系和发展趋势都进行了深入研究。同时，由于人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的巨大进步，为机电一体化技术开辟了发展的广阔天地。这些研究，将促使机电一体化进一步建立完整的基础和逐渐形成完整的科学体系。