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MRP在攀枝花市中小企业中的应用,MRP,攀枝花市,中小企业,中的,应用

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攀枝花学院机电工程学院(系)学生毕业设计(论文)题 目：MRP在攀枝花市中小企业中的应用指导教师：张勇学生姓名：杨徐年级专业：2004级机电一体化2007年6月10日MS Access MRP(制造资源计划)小企业的MRP小企业的ERP基于微软的Access数据库ERP/MRP ERP /MRP 制造软件项目PEDYN是一家专门针对开发小企业的生产操作系统、工程管理和文件控制软件的公司。纵观公司的P2000企业资源计划（ERP/MRP）项目，采用微软Access数据库平台所设计开发。P2000系统是一款能完全解决你业务上所有问题的低成本软件，从设计观念，到计划管理和对购买,物料控制，生产和订购的文件控制。它采用图解式设计，而且设计了向导，使P2000易学易用。而且因为它采用微软的Access数据库开发，所以能与其他产品很好的兼容，并能很容易地根据客户的需要，做二次开发。这个软件还能根据所需的模块和贵公司的其他ERP/MRP软件同时使用。P2000是可扩展的,有柔性的，而且为中小型的工程或制造公司提供了是近乎完美的低费用解决方案。那为什么还要把资金投入到那些昂贵而复杂却并不适合公司的特殊要求的东西上去呢？由于使用了微软的Access作为前置操作系统，这意味着你能拥有完整的控制性和灵活性。在你需要的时候，能生成新的报表，无论你选择哪一个操作系统都能得到扩展。ERP软件的种类和特征1. 制造和操作模块：制造软件、生产计划、操作软件、操作计划、制造解决方案、产品管理计划、产品控制管理、离散制造、产品计划、制造资源计划、物料需求计划（MRP）、制造资源计划（MRPII）、企业资源规划（ERP）、企业资源规划软件、MIS、库存补给系统、产品工作流程管理、产品管理、供应链管理、SCM、材料管理、业务管理、企业的计划与调度、多用户制造控制软件、物料清单管理、物料清单控制、产品管理、库存控制软件、小企业解决方案、小企业MRP 、小企业ERP。2.工程组件:工程管理软件、工程软件、工程计划、工程项目管理、软件计划，设计管理软件、工程师任务管理、工程任务管理、每日任务管理、工作、工程变更通知、工程变更请求、工程变更顺序、工程变更命令、 ECN 、 ECO 、 DCO 、 DCN 、 ECR、 DCR、工程操作、工程项目计划和日程安排、在线任务管理。3.文件模块:文件控制软件、文件控制管理、发票签发控制、结构控制管理、结构管理软件,结构控制软件、汇票管理,文件变更顺序、变更命令 、BOM 软件、物料清单（BOM）、多层次订货、参考指示、制图任务管理、制图人员、CAD 、AUTOCAD ，结构管理、电子文档管理、企业文件管理系统、规格管理、提货控制，修正控制、工作流程系统、规格控制图，资源控制图、SCD ，制造生产图画，集成图、在线信号开关表、工程变更命令、ECN 、ECO 、DCO、DCN 、ECR 、DCR 、BOM 、PDM 产品数据管理，PDM 软件、PDM Access数据库。4.流程:制造命令 、 集合命令 、 建立命令 、 配置命令、网状自动化制造、预测、标准的成本计算、物料接收，装载运送，资源，主要的日程安排，生产能力、 车间装载和能力计划、业务流程、工作车间、工序路线安排、电子命令流程、要求命令、行程安排，废料，生产成本、劳动力、 WIP 、完成的货物、库存控制、物料清单控制、标准成本，标准成本的计算、平均成本的计算、平均费用、预测、传输、精选目录、厂商目录、成份、汇总、材料计划、需求计划，预测、销售计划、分配计划、制造计划、工作顺序管理、客户顺序管理、命令输入、定价，装运、载入厂房、 工艺路线安排、项目主管、零件清单、零件说明书、 采购单 、购买命令、PO、采购、工作指令、销售顺序 , 命令输入、客户需求流程、入库单,退货单、装载运送、零件装配、总装，产品成本计算、主要产品安排、 码头库存、验货、测试、参照ISO 9000、参照ISO 9001 、财政和会计接口、可付帐目、帐户应收帐款、主要分类帐、开发票、成本管理、 财政控制、现金流动预测、财政预测、计划系统、发票、追踪、分析、人力资源、薪资帐册、人事管理。5.操作平台:MS Access 数据库平台、 Microsoft Access数据库、 MS Access97、 MS Access2000、 WindowsXP( 2002 2003)、 MS Access Forms、Microsoft Windows 98、 Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft NT、 Microsoft XP、 Excel、 SQL、MySQL、 ACCESS 、EDYNE、 PEDYNAMICS, P2000, Software, Program, Custom, Customized, Access Programming, Custom Database, Low Cost, LOW COST, Free Demo, Free Trial 等等。6.其他事项:PDM产品数据管理, 重复产品经营、 商业计划、出售和操作计划、 发布需求计划、 能力需求计划、 CRP、 业务管理、 产品数据管理、 信息管理系统、 仓库、 配送中心操作、 仓库经营系统、WMS、 电子的数据交换、 EDI、 客户关系管理、 CRM、 公司解答、QRM、 快速反应生产、补给链计划、供应商管理、存货清单、 VMI、位置定位计划、资源配送计划、 DRP、 资源监测、 行政管理、 JIT、需求计划、 需求链、商业智囊、智能企业、流程技术、 商业解答、 敏捷电子商务、 QuickBooks、 PeachTree、 质量管理。物质的需求计划概论物质的需求计划 (MRP)是为协助制造商管理存货清单和产品而设计的。使用MRP能保证原材料得到充分的使用，生产时间也更为适当，而不会因为原材料到货太早而过度地消耗掉。MRP能够配合预期需求和补给生成（如果需要的话）或修正产品计划，以保证及时地消耗掉原材料和全部的零部件。MRP为每一个终端产品或零部件从头到尾地编制物料清单（BOM），这些清单是生产终端产品或零件所需要的。从理论上讲，这些物料的编制要继续循环，例举出每一个所需零部件的子部件，一直到新的原材料物料清单的出现。在实践中，某一个制造商可能会比较喜欢去扩展一个专门例举的，并且是假设建立在零件或原材料同一水平需求上的那种物料清单。其次，MRP需要与每一个制造或装配生产过程有关的引导时间信息，以生产出需要的零件或终端产品。引导时间是将零件制造或装配成为终端产品（或更高一级的零件）所需要的时间，并且包含全部所需要的已有零件的生产和装配的时间。这些引导时间可能将根据每个单位的零件/产品或预期要生产的一批零件的尺寸进行编码。MRP结合物料清单、引导时间和对所需终端产品的预计，生成一个主产品计划表，这个计划表是一个生产和装配的详细安排，能让生产商达到预期的产量。这个时间表只表示出装配或生产的最终水平（即产生终端产品），并且包括了产品的用时和产量。主产品计划表为MRP更高一级的信息提供源信息。采用主产品计划表就如同有了一个起点，这在概念上是个很简单的事（但对计算机语言的要求很高），结合引导时间的数据和物料清单去推动零件（也可能是原材料）需求的时间计划，尽管有多种装配和生产方式供制造商选择。这个时间表这些项目：中间产品、当前库存、原材料和零件的待办定单、零件的直接需求作为要解决的因子。使用了这个需求时间表，制造商肯定会决定出一个满足这些需求的原料补给解决方案。广泛而多样的排序规则和直观推断法要合并到基于计算机的MRP模块中。除了物料需求，其他有用的数据也从主产品计划表中生成，这包括计划中每个终端产品的清单、计划中每个装配和生产过程的时间表，还包括计划中对特殊产品能力的利用。这些数据信息都应该能帮助我们估算出当前或潜在的物料补给需求策略。计算机对MRP的真正实施有着很大帮助，因为大量数据处理需要原始的物料需求数据。另外，整个分析有时可能必须在条件不断变化之中重复很多次（比如，命令的变化，生产流程的变化，物料需求的变化等）。这就需要条理清晰的电脑了。这里有个例子说明了在SAS/AF实际运用中使用SAS/OR软件（尤其是PROC CPM和PROC GANTT）平台。假定一个服装制造商采用了物料需求计划，只有少部分数据步和相关的简单流程来自SAS/OR, Base SAS,和SAS/GRAPH所需的计算操作，来支持这个运作。其实很少会用单一地假定去限制这个样板运作的范围，在实际运用中，是会放开手脚地把更为繁杂、更为实际的MRP设置运用起来。这个运用也可以在更加广泛的生产和物料清单控制系统中去实现MRP模块。MS Access MRP Manufacturing Resource PlanningSmall Business MRP- Small Business ERPMicrosoft Access Database ERP MRP ProgramERP / MRP Manufacturing Software ProgramPEDYN specializes in Small Business Manufacturing Operations, Engineering Management, and Document Control Software. See the all in one P2000 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP / MRP) program that uses Microsoft Access as the program platform. The P2000 is a powerful Low Cost solution for your complete business operations, from design concept, project management and documentations control to purchasing, material control, manufacturing, and order entry. Its graphical design and drill down navigation make the P2000 very easy to learn and use. Since the program is completely written using Microsoft Access, it interfaces well with other products, and can be easily customized to fit your ever changing business requirements. The program can be used along with other ERP / MRP programs that your company may be using by activating only the modules that you require. The P2000 is expandable, flexible and provides the perfect low cost solutions for small to mid size engineering and manufacturing companies.Why spend a fortune on expensive complicated system programs that are not easily adaptable to your specific needs. Using Microsoft Access as a front-end operating system means that you have full control and flexibility. Create new forms and reports as you need them. Expand your operating system anyway you choose.ERP software Categories and Features1.Manufacturing and Operations Modules:Manufacturing Software, Manufacturing Program, Operations Software, Operations Program, Manufacturing Solutions, Production Management Program, Production Control Management, Discrete Manufacturing, Production Planning, Material Requirement Planning（MRP），Manufacturing Resource Planning （MRP II）, Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP Software, MIS, Stock Replenishment Systems, Production Workflow Management, Product Management, Supply Chain Management, SCM, Supply Management, Materials Management, Business Management, Planning and Scheduling Enterprise,Multi-User Manufacturing Control Software, Inventory Management, Inventory Control, Product Management, Stock Control software, Small Business Soluitions, Small Business MRP, Small Business ERP2.Engineering Modules:Engineering Management Software, Engineering Software, Engineering Program, Engineering Project Management Software Programs, Design Management Software Engineer Task Management, Engineering Task Management, Daily Task Management, Tasking, Engineering Change Notice, Engineering Change Request, Engineering Change Order,Engineering Change Orders, ECN, ECO, DCO, DCN, ECR, DCR, Engineering Operations, Engineering Project Planning and Scheduling, Online Task Management3.Documentation Modules:Documentation Control software, Document Control Management, Drawing Control, Configuration Control Management, Configuration Management Software, Configuration Control Software, Drafting Management, Document Change Order, Change Orders, BOM software, Bill Of Materials, Indented Multi Level, Reference Designators, Drafting Task Management, Draftsman,CAD, AUTOCAD, Configuration Management, Electronic Document Management, Enterprise Document Management Systems, Specification Management, Release Control, Revision Control, Workflow Systems, Specification Control Drawings, Source Control Drawings, SCD, Fabrication Drawing, Assembly Drawings, Online Sign-off and Approval Forms, Engineering Change Orders, ECN, ECO, DCO, DCN, ECR, DCR, BOM, bom, PDM Product Data Management, PDM Software, PDM Access Database4.Processes:Make To Order, Assemble To Order, Build To Order, Configure To Order, Cellular Manufacturing, , Forecasting, Standard Costing, Material Receiving, Shipping, Resources, Master Scheduling, Production Capacity, Shop Loading and Capacity Planning, Business Processes, Job Shop, Routing, Electronic Order Processing, Demand, Scheduling, Scrap, Product Cost, Labor, WIP, Finished Goods, Stock Control, Inventory Control, Standard Cost, Standard Costing, Average Costing, Average cost, Forecasting, Delivery, Pick List, Vendor List, Components, Sub Assemblies, Material Planning, Demand Planning, Forecasting, Sales Planning, Distribution Planning, Production Planning, Work Order Management, Customer Order Management, Order Entry, Pricing, Shipping, Load Building, Routing,Item Master, Parts List, Parts Book, Purchase Order, Purchase Orders, PO, Purchasing, Work Order, Sales Order, Order Entry, Customer Order Processing, Shop Order, Back Order, Shipping Order, Parts Allocation, Allocations, Product Costing, Master Production Scheduling, Dock-to-Stock, Inspection, Testing, ISO 9000 Compliant, ISO 9001 Compliance, Finance and Accounting Interface, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, General Ledger, Invoicing, Cost Management, Financial Control, Cash Flow Forecasting, Financial Forecasting, Planning System, Invoice, Tracking, Time, Analysis, Human Resources, Payroll, Time, Personnel5.Platform:MS Access Database Platform, Microsoft Access Database, MS Access97, MS Access2000, MS Access 97, MS Access 2000, Access XP 2002 2003, MSAccess Forms, MSAccess Reports, Microsoft Windows 98, Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft NT, Microsoft XP, Excel, SQL, MySQL, ACCESS PEDYNE, PEDYNAMICS, P2000, Software, Program, Custom, Customized, Access Programming, Custom Database, Low Cost, LOW COST, Free Demo, Free Trial6.Other:PDM Product Data Management, Repetitive Production Management, Business Planning, Sales and Operations Planning, Distribution Requirements Planning, Capacity Requirements Planning, CRP, Process Management, Product Data Management, Information Management Systems, Warehousing, Distribution Center Operations, Warehouse Management Systems, WMS, Electronic Data Interchange, EDI, Customer Relationship Management, CRM, Company Solutions, QRM, Quick Response Manufacturing,Supply Chain Planning, Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI, Site Location Planning, Distribution Resource Planning, DRP, Resource Monitoring, Administrative Management, JIT, Demand Planning, Demand Chain, Business Intelligence, Intelligent Enterprise, Flow Techniques, Business Solutions, Agile E-Business, QuickBooks, PeachTree, Quality ManagementMaterial Requirements Planning OverviewMaterial Requirements Planning (MRP) is designed to assist manufacturers in inventory and production management. Using MRP helps ensure that materials will be available in sufficient quantity and at the proper time for production to occur, without incurring excess costs by having the materials on hand too early. MRP assists in generating and (as needed) revising production plans to meet expected demands and replenishment plans to assure the timely availability of raw materials and all levels of product components.MRP begins by compiling a Bill of Materials (BOM) for each end product or component of interest. This is a listing of the components and quantities that are needed to manufacture the end product or component. Theoretically, the compilation of BOMs continues recursively, enumerating the subcomponents that are needed to manufacture each component, until only raw materials appear in the generated BOMs. In practice, a manufacturer may prefer to extend the BOM enumeration for only a specified number of levels and to assume that components and/or raw materials beneath that level are available on demand.Next, MRP requires information on the lead times associated with each manufacturing or assembly procedure that is required to produce the components and end products. Lead time is the time required to assemble or manufacture the needed components into the end product (or higher-level component), and thus is the time elapsed between the point at which all needed components are present and the end of assembly or manufacturing. These lead times may be compiled per unit of each component/product or may be based on predetermined batch sizes.MRP combines the BOMs, the lead times, and estimates of demand for end products to generate the Master Production Schedule, which details a schedule of assembly and production that enables the manufacturer to meet the estimated demand. This schedule addresses only the final level of assembly or production (resulting in end products), and includes both the timing and quantities of production. The Master Production Schedule serves as the basis for all further output information from MRP.Using the Master Production Schedule as a starting point, it is a conceptually simple (but computationally demanding) task to combine it with the data on lead times and BOMs to derive a schedule of component (and possibly raw materials) requirements, through as many levels of assembly and production as the manufacturer chooses. This schedule can account for such factors as work-in-progress, current inventory of and pending orders for materials and components, and direct demand for components as service items. Using this schedule of requirements, the manufacturer must determine a material replenishment strategy that satisfies these requirements. A wide variety of ordering rules and heuristics can be incorporated into computer-based MRP models.In addition to the material requirements, other useful data can be generated from the Master Production Schedule. These include the projected inventory levels for any end product, the projected schedule for any assembly or production process, and the projected utilization of capacity for a particular production operation. Any of this information should aid in evaluating current or potential materials replenishment strategies.Computers are instrumental in any real-world implementation of MRP, due to the large amount of data processing required to generate initial material requirements. Additionally, its probable that the entire analysis will have to be repeated several times in response to changing conditions (for example, changes in demand, manufacturing processes, or material supply). This makes the need for computers even clearer.This example illustrates the use of SAS/OR software (specifically, PROC CPM and PROC GANTT) in a SAS/AF appl