大学专业英语.ppt

Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Part Four,Language Study,ENTER,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study Phrases and Expressions Word Building Grammar,Language Study,Contents,B,T,L,E,W,comparison,Road Street Avenue Boulevard Lane Alley Thoroughfare Expressway freeway,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,Word list:,bitter broke cover credit drip druggist,shed smash strike surrender sympathize,glimpse harness intimate lick loaf momentary,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,1. bitter: adj.,Good medicine tastes bitter.,Word formation,n. bitterness,That failure was a bitter experience for him.,2. hard to bear; causing sorrow,filled with or showing envy, hatred, remorse or disappointment,bitter quarrels/words/enemies/tears,1. not sweet, tasting like beer,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,bitter:,a bitter wind,fight to the bitter end 战斗到底 take the bitter with the sweet 接受顺境也接受逆境,4. piercing cold,Antonyms,grateful thankful,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,2. broke:,He went broke.,Cf. broken,a broken home a broken promise a broken spirit broken English,broken,adj. without any money,破裂的家庭 背弃的诺言 消沉的意志 蹩脚的英语,Synonyms,bankrupt penniless impoverished,broken,Forcibly separated into two or more pieces; fractured: 断了的，破碎了的：用力分成两个或更多块的；骨折的： a broken arm; broken glass. Sundered by divorce, separation, or desertion of a parent or parents: 破裂的：由父母离婚、分居、父母双方或其中一方遗弃而造成分离的： children from broken homes; a broken marriage. Having been violated: 被违背的： a broken promise. Incomplete: a broken set of books.,Being in a state of disarray; disordered: 杂乱无序的状态；不整齐的： troops fleeing in broken ranks. Intermittently stopping and starting; discontinuous:断断续续的；不连续的： a broken cable transmission. Varying abruptly, as in pitch: 突变的，如音高： broken sobs. Spoken with gaps and errors: 讲话不流利且错误的： broken English.,Topographically rough; uneven: 地形崎岖的；不平坦的： broken terrain. Subdued totally; humbled: 被完全制服了的；颓丧的： a broken spirit. Weakened and infirm: 衰竭的，虚弱的： broken health. Crushed by grief: 由于悲伤而心碎的： died of a broken heart. Not functioning; out of order: a broken washing machine.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,3. cover: v.,He had to cover his ears when the noise became really unbearable.,Cf. coverage uncover,This national park covers roughly 400 square miles of beautiful land.,2. to have in size,1. to place or hide sth. over in order to hide or protect,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,cover:,By sunset they had covered 30 miles.,The 700-dollar rent does not cover water, electricity and telephone service.,4. to include,3. to travel a certain distance,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,cover:,He began to move towards the house carefully, and Bob covered him.,$1,000 will cover his needs for the journey.,6. (of money) to be enough for,5. to protect sb. by aiming a gun at the enemy,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,4. credit: n.,He bought this car on credit. The bank refused further credits to the company.,word formation,adj. creditable,We must give her credit for our discovery. I think that he deserves all the credit for lifting the villagers out of poverty.,2. praise,1. delayed payment,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,3. sth. that can bring honor or pride to sb.,These Olympic gold medalists are no doubt a great credit to our country.,The professor decided to give him full credit for the exam.,recognition for a successfully completed course at the university,credit:,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,5. money shown as owned by a person, company in a bank account,You have a credit balance of $500.,The rumor is gaining credit.,6. belief; trust; confidence,credit:,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,5. drip,The tap is dripping. His paintbrush is dripping. Its so hot that hes dripping with sweat. There was no noise except for the drip, drip, drip of water.,v. to fall or let sth. fall in very small drops n. the drop-by-drop falling of a liquid,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,6. druggist: n.,take/use drugs drug abuse drug addiction/addict drug dealer miracle drug drugstore,Synonyms,chemist; pharmacist,drug,吸毒 滥用毒品 毒品上瘾 /上瘾者 毒品贩子 有奇效的药物 药店；杂货店,sb. who is trained to prepare drugs and medicines and works in a shop,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,7. glimpse: v.,I glimpsed her face in the crowd, but then she was gone.,Cf. glance,n. get/catch a glimpse of a glimpse of what life might be like in the future,to see sb or sth. for a moment without getting a complete view of them,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,8. harness:,He runs a harness shop. They tried to harness the wind to generate electricity.,n. a piece of equipment for controlling a horse worn over the horses head and shoulders v. to control and use the natural force of sth.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,9. intimate: adj.,They are intimate friends. Shes on intimate terms with important people in the government.,Word formation,intimately adv. intimacy n.,1. having an extremely close relationship,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,intimate:,tell a friend the intimate details of ones life,an intimate knowledge of Greek philosophy,2. private and personal,3. resulting from close study or great familiarity,Antonyms,distant formal remote,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,10. lick: v.,The cat was licking its paws.,2. (esp. of flames, waves) to touch lightly,He dashed into the house to save the child despite the licking flames.,1. to pass the tongue over or under,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,lick:,Synonyms,defeat beat,Well, that licks everything!,3. (sl.) to overcome; to triumph over,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,11. loaf: vt. & vi.,Dont loaf about while theres so much to be done. Dont loaf away your time.,Synonym,idle,loafer n. a person who loafs,Half a loaf is better than none.,to waste time; to spend time idly,Cf.,loaf n.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,12. momentary: adj.,There was a momentary pause. She paused momentarily and glanced over her shoulder. Mr. Johnson will be with you momentarily.,Cf. momentous momentum,momentarily: adv.,(AmE.) very soon,Antonyms,lasting; permanent,lasting for a very short time,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,13. shed: n.,tool-shed wood-shed coal-shed cattle-shed bicycle-shed,Synonyms,hut shack,工具房 柴房 煤房 畜棚 自行车棚,building, roughly made structure, used for storing things,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,shed: v. to let fall; to let come off,shed tears shed crocodile tears shed blood shed skin shed light on,流泪 假慈悲 流血 蜕皮 阐明,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,14. smash: v. to break into small pieces, usually violently,smash a window smash a record smash the enemy smash up the furniture smash up a monopoly,Synonyms,shatter destroy break into pieces,打破窗户 打破纪录 击溃敌人 捣毁家具 打破垄断,break,crack,fracture,burst,split,splinter,shatter,shiver,smash,Break is the most general and like the other members of the set implies either the sudden application of force or the build-up of internal stress: a window broken by vandals; broke her leg; a delicate chair that will break under a great weight.,crack is to break, often with a sharp snapping sound, without dividing into parts: I cracked the platter when I knocked it against the table. The foundation of the house cracked during the earthquake. The soil cracked from the drought.,Fracture applies to a break or crack in a rigid body: fractured her skull in the accident; a vertebra that fractured in the fall.,Burst implies a sudden coming apart, especially from internal pressure, and the dispersion of contents: The child burst the balloon with a pin.。 Her appendix burst.,Split refers to a division into sections longitudinally or along the direction of the grain: split the log with an ax; frost that caused the rock to split.,Splinter implies splitting into long, thin, sharp pieces: The tree was struck by lightning and splintered. Repeated blows splintered the door.,shatter is to break into many loose scattered pieces: The bottle will shatter if you drop it. An exploding gas main shattered the tiles in the courtyard.,Shiver is a term rarely encountered outside literary contexts; like shatter, it indicates sudden force that causes fragmentation: “Every statue was hurled from its niche . . . every painted window was shivered to atoms” (John Lothrop Motley). “每一尊雕像都从壁龛上被推了下来每一扇彩画的窗户 震得粉碎” （约翰洛斯罗普莫特利）。 “The panels shivering in, like potsherds” (Thomas Carlyle). “窗格震碎了，象陶器的碎片” （汤姆斯卡莱尔）。,Smash stresses force of blow or impact and suggests complete destruction: My glasses slipped from my hand and smashed on the floor. The boat was smashed on the rocks. See also Synonyms at demote ,opportunity,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,15. strike: v.,How did the movie strike you? He struck me as a very hard-working student.,The new labor law allows workers to strike in privately-owned enterprises.,2. to stop working,1. to give sb. a particular impression,To be continued on the next page.,affect, influence, impress, touch, move, strike,To affect is to act upon a persons emotions: The adverse criticism the book received didnt affect the author one way or another. Influence implies a degree of control or sway over the thinking and actions, as well as the emotions, of another: “Humanity is profoundly influenced by what you do” (John Paul II). To impress is to produce a marked, deep, often enduring effect: “The Tibetan landscape particularly impressed him” (Doris Kerns Quinn).,Touch usually means to arouse a tender response, such as love, gratitude, or compassion: “The tributes to the two deceased musicians were fitting and touching” (Daniel Cariaga). Move suggests profound emotional effect that sometimes leads to action or has a further consequence: The account of her experiences as a refugee moved us to tears. Strike implies keenness or force of mental response to a stimulus: I was struck by the sudden change in his behavior.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,3. to hit,Strike while the iron is hot.,The clock has just struck twelve.,to cause to sound,strike:,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,5. to put sb. suddenly into a particular state,be struck blind/dumb/silent,strike fear/terror/alarm into sb.,6. to fill with fear etc.,strike:,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,16. surrender: v.,We advised the hijackers to surrender to the police.,Synonym,yield (to),We shall never surrender our liberty.,2. to yield up or abandon possession of,to yield or give way to (a habit, emotion, etc.),He surrendered himself to despair.,to say officially that you want to stop fighting because you know you cannot win,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,17. sympathize: v.,She sympathized with him in his sufferings.,Toms parents do not sympathize with his ambition to become an actor.,2. to give approval or encouragement to,1. to feel sorry for sb. because you understand their problem,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Study,sympathy: n.,I have no sympathy for those people. They deserve their punishment. We are all in sympathy with your proposals.,sympathetic face/words/looks be sympathetic to,sympathetic: adj.,The end of word study.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,List:,a flow (of) be ashamed (of) be thick with be up be up to call it quits,cling to be down and out fool around/about hush sth. up liven up slip off,Phrases and Expressions,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,1. a flow of (pride),Other phrases,Phrases and Expressions,a continuous stream, movement, or supply of sth.,During the tourist season, the flow of traffic usually doubles. Thanks to a steady flow of foreign capital, they are able to expand their economy rapidly. They know they are going to face a terrible flow of refugees if nothing is done to prevent this humanitarian disaster.,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Phrases and Expressions,a flow of angry words a flow of spirits a flow of eloquence a flow of news of victories flowchart flowmeter,滔滔的怒言 喜气洋洋 流利的口才 频传的捷报 流程图 流量表,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,2. be ashamed (of),Phrases and Expressions,He should be ashamed of what he has done. She felt ashamed that she had done little to help them. He was ashamed to ask for help.,Cf. shameful conduct 可耻的行为 a shameless exploiter 无耻的剥削者,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,3. be thick with,Phrases and Expressions,The air was thick with dust.,1. abounding or packed with,John is very thick with Anne now.,2. be intimate with,as thick as thieves: very friendly through thick and thin: under any kind of conditions, good or bad,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,4. be up,Phrases and Expressions,Whats up? Youre up early today. The computer is up. Inflation is up by 2%.,Put the sentences into Chinese.,Cf.,be up to,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,5. be up to,Phrases and Expressions,Whats he up to?,1. be occupied or busy with,Hes not up to this job. I dont feel up to going to work today.,2. be equal to,He is up to his neck in debts.,3. as far as,Its up to us to give them all the help we can.,4. required as necessary,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,6. call it quits,Phrases and Expressions,Will you call it quits if I pay you twenty dollars? Lets do one more exercise, and well call it quits.,(infml.) to agree that a debt or an argument is settled; to agree to stop doing sth.,Cf.,call it a day,Lets call it a day.,to decide that what has been done is enough for one day,call it a day,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,7. cling to,Phrases and Expressions,cling to ones view cling to ones hope that,to hold tight,The child clung to his mothers skirt.,Into English： 那个孩子紧紧抓着他妈妈的裙子。,坚持己见 始终抱着 的希望,Synonym,stick to hold to keep to,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,8. be down and out,Phrases and Expressions,He was down and out in the last hit.,1. (boxing) to be knocked out, unable to resume the fight,2. (fig.) to be beaten in the struggle of life; to be unemployed and without money,His father was down and out at that time.,Into English: 那时候他父亲穷困潦倒。,Cf.,be down with be down to,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Phrases and Expressions,Into English: 我们班上几乎四分之一的 同学都得流感病倒了。,Cf.,be down with be down to,Into English: 我们只剩下最后五百块钱了。我们得向银行贷款。,Nearly a quarter of our class were down with flu.,We were down to the last 500 yuan. We had to raise a loan from the bank.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,9. fool around/about,Phrases and Expressions,He spends so much time fooling around that he never accomplishes anything.,to trifle; to be idle and silly,Stop fooling around and do something useful.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,10. hush sth. up,Phrases and Expressions,He gave her a lot of gifts just to make her hush it up. She tried unsuccessfully to hush up the fact that her husband was an ex-convict.,prevent sth. from becoming public knowledge,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,11. liven up,Phrases and Expressions,How can we liven things up? His humorous speech livened up our class. The party is becoming to liven up. That little performance was the only thing that livened up the otherwise hopelessly boring party.,to make or become lively,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,12. slip off,Phrases and Expressions,The general used to slip off and have a quiet drink in the bar.,to go off quietly or secretly without being noticed or caught,Other phrases,To be continued on the next page.,slip,Vi. To move smoothly, easily, and quietly: slipped into bed. To pass gradually, easily, or imperceptibly: “It is necessary to write, if the days are not to slip emptily by” To slide out of place; shift position: The gear slipped. To escape, as from a grasp, fastening, or restraint: slipped away from his pursuers.,To cause to move in a smooth, easy, or sliding motion: slipped the bolt into place. To put on or remove (clothing) easily or quickly: slip on a sweater; slipped off her shoes.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Phrases and Expressions,slip a coat on/off slip into/out of a dress slip a coin into ones hand slip through ones fingers let sth. slip slip ones mind a slip of the tongue / pen,迅速穿上 / 脱下上衣 迅速穿上 / 脱去衣服 把一枚硬币迅速塞入某人中 未抓住；未把握住 放手；放过；错过 （某事）被忘记 口误 / 笔误,The end of Phrases and Expressions.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word Building,List:,1. Derivation Prefix un Prefix super Suffix ize 2. Conversion,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,1. Derivation prefix: un- (不；无；非）,Word building,To be continued on the next page.,affected available adaptable approved easy employed,unaffected unavailable unadaptable unapproved uneasy unemployed,adj. adj.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,Word building,lock button tie zip pack cover,unlock unbutton untie unzip unpack uncover,v. v.,1. Derivation prefix: un- (不；无；非）,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,1. Derivation prefix: super- (上; 超; 过分),Word building,superstructure superscribe supernatural superpower superheat supercool superabundant superfluous,上层建筑 写在（信封、包裹）上 超自然的 超级大国 过热 过冷 过剩的，过多的 过剩的，多余的,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,1. Derivation suffix -ize (使之）,Word building,modern national social hospital fertile sympathy computer,adj./n. v.,modernize nationalize socialize hospitalize fertilize sympathize computerize,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 2 Discovery of a Father,2. Conversion: a word-formation process whereby a wor