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汽车车门防撞梁结构的分析与优化

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汽车 车门 防撞梁 结构 分析 优化
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汽车车门防撞梁结构的分析与优化,汽车,车门,防撞梁,结构,分析,优化
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毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书 设计(论文)题目:汽车车门防撞梁结构的分析与优化 学生姓名:任务书填写要求1毕业设计(论文)任务书由指导教师根据各课题的具体情况填写,经学生所在专业的负责人审查、系(院)领导签字后生效。此任务书应在毕业设计(论文)开始前一周内填好并发给学生。2任务书内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写,不得涂改或潦草书写;或者按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网页上下载)打印,要求正文小4号宋体,1.5倍行距,禁止打印在其它纸上剪贴。3任务书内填写的内容,必须和学生毕业设计(论文)完成的情况相一致,若有变更,应当经过所在专业及系(院)主管领导审批后方可重新填写。4任务书内有关“学院”、“专业”等名称的填写,应写中文全称,不能写数字代码。学生的“学号”要写全号,不能只写最后2位或1位数字。 5任务书内“主要参考文献”的填写,应按照金陵科技学院本科毕业设计(论文)撰写规范的要求书写。 6有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB/T 740894数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2002年4月2日”或“2002-04-02”。毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书1本毕业设计(论文)课题应达到的目的: 通过本次毕业论文要求学生能够利用有限元软件对汽车车门防撞梁进行分析与研究,其目的在于培养学生综合分析和解决相关问题的独立工作能力,拓宽和深化学生的知识;培养学生正确使用技术资料,国家设计手册;正确进行数据处理,编写技术文件等方面的工作能力;使学生养成良好的工作态度,工作作风。同时掌握进行调查研究、面向实际、面向生产,面向工人和工程技术人员学习的工作方法。 2本毕业设计(论文)课题任务的内容和要求(包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等): 介绍车门防撞梁研究的背景和意义,介绍汽车侧面碰撞国内外研究现状。首先用CATIA软件绘制车门防撞梁的三维模型,然后导入ANSYS进行应力分析对其进行刚度校核与模态分析。通过以上分析结果,在保证质量不变的情况下,改变防撞梁的截面形状,使其更加可靠,然后对其进行仿真分析,通过仿真分析得到性质较好的截面形状。要求研究内容正确,完整,符合论文撰写规范,工作量充足。毕业设计文笔流畅,叙述清晰。应具备计算机一台,CATIA、ANSYS软件,相关文献从校园网期刊网获得。 毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书3对本毕业设计(论文)课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求:按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计(毕业论文)1.5万字以上(并附相关的分析数据,图表),能详细说明研究思路;能有结构完整,合理可靠的技术方案;能有相应的设计说明,图纸和技术参数说明,并将验证结果在文中列出。 4主要参考文献: 1张伟. 基于简化模型的汽车防撞梁仿真优化研究J.农业装备与车辆工程,2010(7):16-20.2张振明. 变厚度复合材料汽车防撞梁优化设计研究D.湖南大学,2014.3王东保. 汽车前门防撞梁结构优化设计D.哈尔滨工程大学,2009.4张伟. 汽车碰撞及防撞梁结构优化研究D.西南交通大学,2012.5冯克建. 汽车车门防撞梁结构改进与优化D. 哈尔滨工程大学,2012.6李可. 汽车防撞梁的结构强度分析及优化J.中国新技术新产品,2013(06):133.7朱涵超. 简析铝合金汽车防撞梁设计J.科技风,2014(02):35-37.8夏磊. 基于刚度匹配的汽车保险杠防撞梁改进设计 J.工程设计学报,2015(01):84-88.9杨琳. 对汽车前门防撞梁结构优化设计的分析J.河南科技,2013(08):73-74.10王 伟. 汽车车门轻量化及侧面碰撞安全性能研究D.重庆交通大学,2014.11智淑亚.汽车车身结构与设计M.北京市:机械工业出版社,2014:292-317.12田晋跃.现代汽车新技术概论M.北京市:北京大学出版社,2014:199-235.13王伟. 基于碰撞安全性的汽车车门轻量化研究J.北京汽车,2014(02):17-31.14陈国华. 基于有限元的汽车车门静态强度刚度计算与分析D.哈尔滨工程大学,2009.15白昆程. 基于热冲压成型技术的汽车前防撞梁设计J.技术聚焦,2013,(02):24-29.毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书5本毕业设计(论文)课题工作进度计划:2015.12.05-2016.01.15确定选题,填写审题表;指导教师下发任务书,学生查阅课题相关参考文献、资料,撰写开题报告。2016.01.16-2016.02.25提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、毕业设计(论文)大纲;开始毕业设计(论文)。2016.02.26-2016.04.15具体设计或研究方案实施,提交毕业设计(论文)草稿,填写中期检查表。2016.04.16-2016.05.05完成论文或设计说明书、图纸等材料,提交毕业设计(论文)定稿,指导老师审核。2016.05.06-2016.05.13提交毕业设计纸质文档,学生准备答辩;评阅教师评阅学生毕业设计(论文)。2016.05.13-2016.05.26根据学院统一安排,进行毕业设计(论文)答辩。所在专业审查意见: 通过 负责人: 2016 年 1 月 22 日毕 业 设 计(论 文)开 题 报 告 设计(论文)题目:汽车车门防撞梁结构的分析与优化 学生姓名:开题报告填写要求 1开题报告(含“文献综述”)作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效;2开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见;3“文献综述”应按论文的框架成文,并直接书写(或打印)在本开题报告第一栏目内,学生写文献综述的参考文献应不少于15篇(不包括辞典、手册);4有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB/T 740894数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。5、开题报告(文献综述)字体请按宋体、小四号书写,行间距1.5倍。 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计(论文)课题情况,根据所查阅的文献资料,每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述: 选题的目的和意义:汽车碰撞安全性是汽车最为重要的一项整车性能指标,人们一直致力于汽车安全性的研究和安全技术的开发。随着我国汽车工业的发展以及汽车保有量的增加,交通事故也呈上升趋势。汽车在各种交通状况下发生的碰撞事故,归纳起来有以下几种形态:正面碰撞、侧面碰撞、追尾、翻滚等。统计数据显示,在交通事故中,因侧面撞击引发的事故比例居于第一位,其比例大约占到总量的32%左右,其次才是正面碰撞。根据有关资料显示,1980年美国的车祸死亡者中有31%是死于侧面碰撞事故,而2001年这一数字己经上升到51%。据中华人民共和国道路交通事故统计资料汇编中的有关数据显示,在我国所发生的交通事故中,侧面碰撞占32%,高于所有其他交通事故形态,是发生频率最高的交通事故。而在交通事故造成的人员伤亡中,侧面碰撞所造成的人员伤亡人数占总伤亡人数的30.1%,也是造成人员伤亡最多的交通事故形态。因此,汽车侧面碰撞安全性的研究是汽车被动安全性研究的一项重要内容,并为世界各国汽车制造厂家和汽车研究机构所关注。汽车侧面是车体中强度较薄弱的部位,对于在汽车中占比例最大的轿车,因其侧面是车门,强度更为薄弱。对于轿车的侧部,一旦受到来自侧面的撞击,不可能像前部及后部那样,有足够空间发生结构变形及吸收碰撞能量,车内乘员同强烈贯穿的撞击物之间仅隔着车门20到30厘米的距离,因而侧面碰撞对乘员的伤害比其它类型碰撞造成的乘员伤害更为严重。在斜坡上或在转弯时发生的侧面碰撞,还有可能引起被撞汽车翻倾,导致车门框变形使车门不能开启,影响乘员离开危险地带及对乘员的救援。因此与正面、后部碰撞相比,侧面碰撞对乘员造成的伤害更大。侧面碰撞安全性己成为被动安全领域研究的一个非常重要的方面。为了提高汽车的安全性能,不少汽车公司就在汽车侧门夹层中间放置一两根非常坚固的钢梁,这就是常说的侧门防撞梁。防撞梁的防撞作用是:当侧门受到撞击时,坚固的防撞梁能大大减轻侧门的变形程度,从而能减少汽车撞击对车内乘员的伤害。因此,对防撞梁进行结构优化,提高车门刚度,进而提高汽车侧面碰撞安全性,对提高乘员的安全防护和改善道路交通安全有着非常重要的意义。 国内外研究现状: 发达国家早在30年代就开始进行汽车碰撞研究,早期的汽车碰撞研究主要是进行各种条件下的碰撞试验,包括实车碰撞和模拟碰撞试验。80年代开始进行基于有限元理论的CAE仿真分析。自1986年LS一DYNA首次成功地模拟了整车大变形后,基于动态显式非线性有限元技术的计算机仿真方法在国外开始得到广泛使用,可以很好的用于预测汽车的耐撞性能。侧面碰撞情况在各国都很普遍,国外侧碰的研究主要集中在车辆侧面结构吸能特性及人体响应方面。80年代末开始进行碰撞的仿真和试验研究。新型复合材料和结构优化广泛应用于侧碰事故中的乘员保护。我国在汽车被动安全性方面的研究工作起步也比较晚,到八十年代末期才开始开展这方面的研究工作。王东保的汽车前门防撞梁结构优化设计中指出:建立汽车前门与刚性柱碰撞的有限元模型后。对车门进行耐撞性分析,将优化后的最优结构的防撞梁导入车门模型,与安装原防撞梁车门进行分析得出通过改变截面的方式优化后的防撞梁性能会优于原来的防撞梁。张伟的基于简化模型的汽车防撞梁仿真优化研究中指出:先是建立了汽车碰撞有限元模型然后对整车模型进行了简化处理, 接着以简化后的车门模型为基础,将车门原U型防撞梁替换成M型防撞梁,并将防撞梁的材料改为高强钢板之后得出:采用高强钢板的防撞梁更加不易变形,在减重的前提下仍然使内门板的相对侵入速度和侵入距离有所降低。所以汽车车门防撞梁采用高强度钢板为材料是十分必要的。杨琳的对汽车前门防撞梁结构优化设计的分析中指出:汽车前门防撞梁强度的好坏直接影响着汽车整体安全程度的好坏,因此为提高汽车安全度,必须要对汽车前门的防撞梁结构进行优化,提高其硬度,从而减少侧面碰撞事故中出现人员伤亡的几率。在改变了U型和方形的截面形状后又改变其帽檐长度和形状后得出,可以提高防撞梁的刚度及强度,从而更好的保护成员的安全。李可的汽车防撞梁的结构强度分析及优化中提出:在正面碰撞过程,前防撞梁和纵梁的局部应力已经接近了所使用材料的强度极限的时候,此时前防撞梁和纵梁的应力局部应力已经超过材料的拉伸强度极限,这对于汽车的安全性非常的不利,我们必须在这些应力过大的地方进行优化设计,消除这些隐患。参考文献:1 张伟. 基于简化模型的汽车防撞梁仿真优化研究J.农业装备与车辆工程,2010(7):16-20.2 张振明. 变厚度复合材料汽车防撞梁优化设计研究D.湖南大学,2014.3 王东保. 汽车前门防撞梁结构优化设计D.哈尔滨工程大学,2009.4 张伟. 汽车碰撞及防撞梁结构优化研究D.西南交通大学,2012.5 冯克建. 汽车车门防撞梁结构改进与优化D. 哈尔滨工程大学,2012. 6 李可. 汽车防撞梁的结构强度分析及优化J.中国新技术新产品,2013(06):133.7 朱涵超. 简析铝合金汽车防撞梁设计J.科技风,2014(02):35-37. 8 夏磊. 基于刚度匹配的汽车保险杠防撞梁改进设计 J.工程设计学报,2015(01):84-88.9 杨琳. 对汽车前门防撞梁结构优化设计的分析J.河南科技,2013(08):73-74.10 王 伟. 汽车车门轻量化及侧面碰撞安全性能研究D.重庆交通大学,2014.11 智淑亚.汽车车身结构与设计M.北京市:机械工业出版社,2014:292-317.12 田晋跃.现代汽车新技术概论M.北京市:北京大学出版社,2014:199-235. 13 王伟. 基于碰撞安全性的汽车车门轻量化研究J.北京汽车,2014(02):17-31.14 陈国华. 基于有限元的汽车车门静态强度刚度计算与分析D.哈尔滨工程大学,2009.15 白昆程. 基于热冲压成型技术的汽车前防撞梁设计J.技术聚焦,2013,(02):24-29. 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段(途径): 本课题要研究或解决的问题本文主要研究汽车内部的防撞梁,为研究对象进行pro/e三维结构建模,利用ANSYS软件建立车架有限元模型。运用理论力学,弹性力学等方法,对防撞梁的撞击力峰值和防撞能量进行估算, 通过ANSYS软件在对防撞梁施加载荷和约束后进行受力分析;对比结果,进行适当可靠性优化,展望其发展。采用的研究手段(1)做好理论基础方面的准备,如有限元软件。 (2)查阅大量有关书籍和论文,学习关于课题领域的研究方法。 (3)制定出项目预定目标和研究步骤并实施。 (4)加强与指导老师和专业人员的交流,探讨解决遇到的疑难问题。 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见:1对“文献综述”的评语:文献综述基本符合毕业论文课题研究的方向,与所学专业联系比较紧密。在查阅相关资料后进行了总结,基本符合文献综述的特点与要求。 2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计(论文)结果的预测:本课题深度广度适中,工作量符合毕业论文要求;经过认真充分的准备工作,应当能够如期完成毕业论文工作。 3.是否同意开题: 同意 不同意 指导教师: 2016 年 03 月 08 日所在专业审查意见:同意 负责人: 2016 年 04 月 07 日毕 业 设 计(论 文)外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文译文题目:Development of natural gas vehicles 天然气汽车的发展 学生姓名:专业:所在学院:指导教师:职称:Development of natural gas vehiclesAbstract This paper describes the development of compressed natural gas vehicles (CNG) on environmental protection of low-pollution, security, economic and CNG cars and filling stations and prospects for the development of countermeasures. Key words: compressed natural gas vehicles; stations; development prospects;CountermeasuresAt present, Chinas major cities is a urban vehicle emissions a major source of air pollution, therefore, the development of clean energy vehicles have become the choice of the delay. Compressed natural gas vehicles (CNG) in their low energy consumption and emissions by all countries small and welcoming, is recognized internationally as the best alternative energy vehicle. The development of natural gas vehicle to address the environmental issues and energy issues are of great significance. First, the development of natural gas vehicle1. Development of foreign natural gas vehicleReduce pollution to protect the environment. many countries have issued a series of government regulations and the introduction of a number of incentive policies to promote the development of gas vehicle, such as the development of more stringent vehicleEmission standards, in the natural gas supply, car purchase taxes and fees, equipment supply, gas station construction grant funds, tax incentives.In 1992 the U.S. federal government enacted the Energy Policy Act, or modified for the purchase of alternative fuel vehicles and the construction of stations in detail the provisions of the tax relief, but also enacted a tax cut that the use of natural gas and natural gas companies exempt from motor vehicle fuel sales tax. There are more than 40 states in accordance with the policy of the federal government, law, drawn up on the mandatory state and encourage the use of clean fuel CNG vehicles, such as policies and measures to promote the CNG filling station development and construction of motor vehicles. At present, more than 40 countries around the world have a gas car, mainly in the rich natural gas resources in Italy, New Zealand, Argentina, Brazil and other countries and stricter environmental regulations the United States, Japan and other countries. 2, Chinas Natural Gas Vehicle Development80 In the mid-20th century, the introduction of some of our CNG filling station equipment set up in Sichuans first CNG filling stations in China; in 1993 the China national Petroleum Corporation on the introduction of foreign technology systems in 1996 installations and will be filling stations modified car parts made of the introduction of technology, standardization of technical standards. 1999 National Clean Automobile Action Coordination Leading Group was established to start the Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Xian, Shenzhen and other cities in 12 pilot areas to promote the application of clean energy in the popularization and application of CNG vehicles and filling stations has made unprecedented building results. According to relevant statistics, as of 2004 there were some areas of Chinas natural gas vehicle more than 20 million vehicles, more than 700 filling stations Block.Second, natural gas vehicle (CNG) fuel and other environmental and economic benefits comparedCompressed natural gas vehicles:20MPa compressed natural gas in the car to compressed natural gas cylinders in use by the supply of internal combustion engine after the pressure reducer.To CNG fuel for vehicles compared with gasoline has the following advantages:1 Reduce pollution and improve the atmospheric environment: natural gas is a clean energy, with a high calorific value, high efficiency, pollution, etc., the comparison is totally burned, not carbon deposition, CO, NOX and particulate emissions than gasoline,Significantly reduced exhaust pollution. Motor vehicle exhaust is the major source of urban air pollution, one of which is carbon monoxide harmful ingredients (C0), hydrocarbons (HC), nitric oxide (N0) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and so on. According to the data, the use of gas as a motor fuel and gasoline as fuel can reduce emissions compared to 90% CO, 90% S02, 72% HC, 39% NOX, 24% CO2, non-dust emissions, to improve the urban environment has a significant role in. A typical diesel engine and gasoline engine emissions and gas machine is shown in table l.2 CNG vehicles for a higher securityCompared with gasoline, compressed natural gas is a relatively safe fuel. (1) Natural gas explosion limit is 5% higher than gasoline (lower explosion limit for the one percent of hundred) high, methane ignition for 645 , ignition than gasoline high 218 , compared to not ignite. Low density of methane, the relative density of about 0.55, resulting in leakage of gas will soon be distributed in the air, in the case of the natural environment it is difficult to form a hot combustion conditions, once the compressed natural gas from the tank or pipe leaks, leak immediately surrounding the formation of low-temperature zone, so that the difficulties of natural gas combustion. Therefore is a fairly safe CNG motor fuel. Natural gas and fuel properties of gasoline are shown in table. Department of natural gas vehicle cylinder pressure vessel (20MPa), its materials and manufacture and testing in order that all States have strict control, in China therere compressed natural gas cylinder vehicle standards) (GBl7258-1998).Cylinders fitted with explosion-proof facilities, pressure reducer, valves and other equipment, strict standards high, and gas supply system is safe and reliable and will not tip over due to vehicle collision or cause fire or explosion, and the petrol tank of motor vehicles department of non-pressure vessels, fire easily after the explosion.3 Will help ease the contradiction between energy supply and demand tensions.Chinas economy is in a stage of rapid development, the number of vehicles to 1 million / year above the rate of increase of a substantial increase in gasoline demand of resources, our need to import large quantities of crude oil per year, refined oil and LPG. Optimize the use of gas cars motor fuel supply structure has changed only motor fuel gasoline, diesel patterns, not only eased the problem of shortage of petrol and transport services to meet the needs of the development.4 Extend engine live. The spread of natural gas to the gas entering the engine, the engine easily and uniformly mixed air, burning the comparison is totally clean; can improve the thermal cycle efficiency, speed up the burning speed, full use of combustion heat; CNG octane number at the same time high performance uprising, when agents do not need to add the uprising will not dilute the lubricating oil, making the parts inside the engine.Cylinder greatly reduced wear and tear, so that the engine oil life and increase the use of the period. All of these vehicles will reduce maintenance and operating costs, thereby enhancing the economy of the use of vehicles. 5 Have a higher economic efficiency. At present, domestic gasoline prices continued to rise, the price system and the world has been the use of CNG vehicle will be able to save nearly 40% of fuel costs, as shown in table 3.Third, CNG vehicle development prospectsCNG cars and filling stations will have broad prospects for development, mainly in the following aspects:1 Cars of the rapid growth of oil resources and environmental protection, the grim situation, the decision of the development of natural gas vehicles as a solution to energy issues and environmental issues an important way. 2 “Eleventh Five-Year period, a new type of clean energy vehicles has been included in long-term national science and technology development planning, the state will continue to organize and implement a variety of clean energy vehicles of major scientific and technological projects, the focus of support, including natural gas vehicles, including vehicles, parts, etc., will further promote the development of natural gas vehicle.3 Large-scale developments of Chinas natural gas resources and pipeline construction to accelerate the pace of development of CNG and LPG filling stations make it possible. According to Chinas natural gas use planning, for nearly a decade, West-East Gas Transmission, second Shaanxi-Beijing, such as a large number of gas pipeline and gas pipeline along the cities has built large-scale use of natural gas in Chinas gradual improvement of infrastructure; natural gas filling stations will gradually form a network. 4, the development of CNG auto gas source with the stability of assurance to Tianjin as an example, at present, Tianjin has established a perfect system of natural gas transmission and distribution, from northern Shaanxi, Tianjin, North China Oil Field to supply, gas supply is nearly mid-2005 600 million m3, 2006 was projected to reach 800 million m3, the length of pipe network 6894km, of which high-pressure pipeline 591km, for the Eleventh Five-Year period of Tianjin to develop large-scale construction of CNG filling stations car provides a guarantee.Fourth, CNG cars and filling stations to explore the development of countermeasures In order to speed up the use of natural gas as a clean fuel vehicle development, makes the following recommendations:1 The Government has introduced policies to encourage and support: the development of all countries in the world experience shows that government support is a necessary condition for accelerated development, the impact of its economic policy is an important factor in their development should be guaranteed in law, in the gas automobile production, modification, parts and components production, station construction, vehicle purchase and use of gas, maintenance and other aspects of pricing, taxation, investment, subsidies and other aspects of the preferential policies supporting. Gas prices affect gas vehicle development is an important factor, only the gas prices and gasoline prices when the difference is large enough to form, gas car before the development of an economic foundation and driving force. 2 Strengthen leader ship, the implementation of unified management .The development of CNG vehicles the construction of high-quality, convenient filling stations, the need for planning, public security, fire safety, labor, technical support supervisor and other departments.3 In the municipal plan, filling stations and gas stations should be considered co-ordination, rational distribution and coordinated development. To make full use ofExisting land resources and in ensuring the environmental safety of oil and gas under the premise of building one station.4 Followed by motor cars and CNG filling stations in the simultaneous development of the principles, only in the stations into a network under the conditions, CNG vehicle can really develop. At the same timescale of only CNG car to a certain number, the normal operation of filling stations in order to achieve profitability.5 The strict legal system: the development of stringent vehicle emissions regulations, and make sure that standards are not road vehicles are determined not to be on the qualifications of CNG vehicle Modify-Factory critical examination, certification. First of all, the city should the city bus, taxi, as the focus of the development of CNG vehicle, bus stop some of the phenomenon of black smoke pollution of the environment.6 Step up publicity. At present, natural gas car is still at the initial stage, the public nature of its environmental protection, safety, economy, reliability, do not fully understand, so, it is necessary to carry out a wide range of social advocacy, efforts to increase awareness of the dangers of automobile exhaust, to make people aware of CNG is a clean, safe and economical fuel, so that the development of natural gas vehicles have been recognized by all sectors of society and support.Compressed natural gas vehicles because of its remarkable economic and social benefits the development of the natural gas market will become a new field of applications. More and more importance in the environmental protection situation, along with natural gas resources in the area of the development and application of the widening, which will reduce the environmental pressure, is to ease the oil shortage and achieve sustainable development of a reliable guarantee.天然气汽车的发展摘 要本文阐述了发展压缩天然气汽车(CNG)的环保低污染性、安全性、经济性及CNG汽车和加气站的发展前景及对策。关键词:压缩天然气汽车;加气站;发展前景;对策目前,我国一些大城市的汽车尾气排放是城市大气污染的主要源头,因此,发展清洁能源汽车已成为刻不容缓的的选择。压缩天然气汽车(CNG)以其能耗低、污染物排放量小而受到各国的欢迎,是国际公认的最理想的车用替代能源。发展天然气汽车对于解决环境问题和能源问题都具有重要意义。一、天然气汽车的发展情况l、国外天然气汽车发展概况为保护环境减少污染,许多国家政府颁布了一系列法规及出台一些鼓励性政策,促进燃气汽车发展,如制定更严格的汽车尾气排放标准,在天然气供应、汽车购置税费,设备供给、加气站建设等方面给予资金、税收优惠政策。美国联邦政府1992年颁布的能源政策法,对于购买或改装代用燃料汽车及加气站的建设减免税作出详细规定,同时还颁布了使用天然气的减税政策,并免征天然气公司的汽车燃料销售税。有40多个州根据联邦政府的政策、法律,制定了本州有关强制和鼓励使用CNG等清洁燃料汽车的政策和措施,推动了CNG汽车发展和加气站建设。目前,全世界已有40多个国家拥有燃气汽车,主要分布在天然气资源丰富的意大利、新西兰、阿根廷、巴西等国家和环保法规严格的美国、日本等国。2、我国天然气汽车发展概况20世纪80年代中期,我国引进了部分CNG加气站设备,在四川建立了我国第一个CNG加气站;1993年中国石油天然气总公司系统引进国外有关技术并于 1996年将加气站装置和汽车改装部件引进技术国产化、技术标准规范化。1999年全国清洁汽车行动协调领导小组成立,启动了北京、天津、上海、西安、深圳等12个试点城市地区的清洁能源推广应用工作,在CNG汽车的推广应用和加气站建设方面取得了前所未有的成效。根据有关部门统计数字,截止到2004年我国一些地区共有天然气汽车20多万辆,加气站700多座。二、天然气汽车(CNG)与其它燃料的环境、经济效益比较压缩天然气汽车:天然气压缩至20MPa于汽车用压缩天然气钢瓶中,经减压器后供给内燃机。以CNG作汽车燃料与汽油相比具有以下优点:l、降低污染,改善大气环境:天然气是一种清洁能源,具有热值高、效率高、污染小等特点,燃烧比较完全,不易积碳,CO、NOx和微粒的排放量均低于汽油,排气污染明显降低。机动车尾气是城市大气污染主要来源之一,其中主要有害成分是一氧化碳(C0)、碳氢化合物(HC)、一氧化氮(N0)和二氧
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