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汽车座椅 量化 舒适 研究 分析

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汽车座椅轻量化和舒适性的研究与分析,汽车座椅,量化,舒适,研究,分析

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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书 设计（论文）题目：汽车座椅轻量化和舒适性的研究与分析 学生姓名：任务书填写要求1毕业设计（论文）任务书由指导教师根据各课题的具体情况填写，经学生所在专业的负责人审查、系（院）领导签字后生效。此任务书应在毕业设计（论文）开始前一周内填好并发给学生。2任务书内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写，不得涂改或潦草书写；或者按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式（可从教务处网页上下载）打印，要求正文小4号宋体，1.5倍行距，禁止打印在其它纸上剪贴。3任务书内填写的内容，必须和学生毕业设计（论文）完成的情况相一致，若有变更，应当经过所在专业及系（院）主管领导审批后方可重新填写。4任务书内有关“学院”、“专业”等名称的填写，应写中文全称，不能写数字代码。学生的“学号”要写全号，不能只写最后2位或1位数字。 5任务书内“主要参考文献”的填写，应按照金陵科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）撰写规范的要求书写。 6有关年月日等日期的填写，应当按照国标GB/T 740894数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法规定的要求，一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2002年4月2日”或“2002-04-02”。毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 通过本次毕业论文要求学生能够利用有限元软件对汽车座椅轻量化进行分析与研究，其目的在于培养学生综合分析和解决相关问题的独立工作能力,拓宽和深化学生的知识；培养学生正确使用技术资料,国家设计手册；正确进行数据处理,编写技术文件等方面的工作能力；使学生养成良好的工作态度,工作作风。同时掌握进行调查研究、面向实际、面向生产,面向工人和工程技术人员学习的工作方法。 2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 介绍汽车座椅的发展历史和现状,介绍汽车座椅的结构和材料应用；对座椅轻量化和舒适性的设计和研究方法进行分析与研究，借鉴已有的汽车座椅轻量化和舒适性的研究和设计方法，设计汽车座椅，并对座椅材料应用和结构上进行轻量化和舒适性设计，要求座椅的轻量化和舒适性比传统座椅有所改善。要求研究内容正确、完整，符合论文撰写规范，工作量充足。毕业设计文笔流畅，叙述清晰。应具备计算机一台，Pro/E软件，ANSYS软件，相关文献从校园期刊网,学校图书馆和网络获得。 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求：按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计（毕业论文）1.5万字以上（并附相关的分析数据，图表），能详细说明研究思路；能有结构完整，合理可靠的技术方案；能有相应的设计说明，图纸和技术参数说明，并将验证结果在文中列出。 4主要参考文献： 1 杨天云,张晴朗,杨兵,余瑾. CAE在汽车座椅轻量化设计中的应用J. 精密成形工程. 2012(01) 2 邢艳云,于波,高婷婷. 汽车座椅压力预处理方法研究J. 汽车零部件. 2012(02) 3 卢建志,杨世文. 汽车座椅结构的轻量化设计J. 机械工程与自动化. 2011(01) 4 马佳,柯艺杰,苏强,杨海霞. 汽车座椅舒适度人工智能评价方法研究J. 机械科学与技术. 2011(03)5 符大兴. 对汽车座椅设计的探讨J. 企业科技与发展. 2011(12) 6 陈道炯,付大成,王海华,马超,蒋俊,赵来刚. 汽车座椅的轻量化设计J. 机械科学与技术. 2011(06) 7 江中华. 汽车座椅舒适性开发的初步研究J. 企业科技与发展. 2011(19) 8 杜旭东. 汽车座椅舒适度及安全性研究J. 内蒙古科技与经济. 2009(15) 9 唐天宝. 汽车座椅舒适性研究J. 企业技术开发. 2009(09)10 冯飞燕,侯俊杰. 基于人机工程学的抗疲劳汽车座椅设计J. 机械管理开发. 2010(03) 11 张邢磊,于建国. 汽车座椅舒适性的技术研究J. 交通标准化. 2009(07) 12 邹博维. 基于人机工程的汽车驾驶座椅舒适性设计J. 汽车科技. 2009(04) 13 廖梓龙. 汽车驾驶座椅的人机工程设计研究J. 装备制造技术. 2009(07) 14 马佳,左跃,李培松,肯特,苏强. 汽车座椅舒适性调查分析J. 汽车与配件. 2009(44) 15 马佳,范智声,阮莹,李飞飞,李培松,苏强. 汽车座椅舒适性研究综述J. 上海汽车. 2008(01) 16 罗卫东,李鹏,邱望标. 基于人机工程的汽车座椅设计J. 现代机械. 2008(03)毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.12.05-2016.01.15确定选题，填写审题表；指导教师下发任务书，学生查阅课题相关参考文献、资料，撰写开题报告。2016.01.16-2016.02.25提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、毕业设计（论文）大纲；开始毕业设计(论文)。2016.02.26-2016.04.15具体设计或研究方案实施，提交毕业设计（论文）草稿，填写中期检查表。2016.04.16-2016.05.05完成论文或设计说明书、图纸等材料，提交毕业设计（论文）定稿，指导老师审核。2016.05.06-2016.05.13提交毕业设计纸质文档，学生准备答辩；评阅教师评阅学生毕业设计（论文）。2016.05.13-2016.05.26根据学院统一安排，进行毕业设计（论文）答辩。所在专业审查意见： 通过 负责人： 2016 年 1 月 22 日毕 业 设 计（论 文）开 题 报 告 设计（论文）题目：汽车座椅轻量化和舒适性的研究与分析 学生姓名：开题报告填写要求 1开题报告（含“文献综述”）作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计（论文）工作前期内完成，经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效；2开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式打印，禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴，完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见；3“文献综述”应按论文的框架成文，并直接书写（或打印）在本开题报告第一栏目内，学生写文献综述的参考文献应不少于15篇（不包括辞典、手册）；4有关年月日等日期的填写，应当按照国标GB/T 740894数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法规定的要求，一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。5、开题报告（文献综述）字体请按宋体、小四号书写，行间距1.5倍。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 选题的目的和意义： 随着全球汽车保有量的与日俱增，环境污染和世界能源短缺问题日益严峻，传统汽车的座椅已经不能满足现代汽车的需求，本课题主要是对目前比较流行的汽车座椅进行研究与分析，设计良好的汽车座椅，首先可以使汽车座椅有效缓冲车辆工作过程中所产生的振动，提高乘坐舒适度；其次使汽车座椅轻量化，汽车座椅的轻量化就是在保证座椅强度和刚度的前提下，通过结构的轻量化设计及轻量化材料的使用，达到减轻座椅质量的目的。此举可以有效降低二氧化碳等有害气体及颗粒的排放，提高燃油经济性，因此，座椅轻量化是现代汽车座椅设计的主流，从而降低燃油油耗和减少排放。与传统的汽车座椅相比，能满足更为复杂的路况和更舒适的驾驶要求，综上所述，研究分析汽车座椅的舒适性和轻量化无论对环境保护，车辆自身还是对驾驶员健康都有重要意义。国内外研究现状： 对汽车振动乘坐舒适性（汽车平顺性）的试验与研究工作,己经进行了半个多世纪的努力,最早的研究文章发表于1935年,但平顺性研究工作取得较大进展还是在60年代后期。在我国从70年代后期随着对基础理论的深入研究,以及一些先进测试设备、仪器的引进,汽车平顺性的试验工作取得了突飞猛进的发展。 1948年Janeway提出承受振动的人体舒适性评价标准,认为影响人体舒适性的主要因素是在低频时为加加速度、中频时为加速度、高频时为速度。并给出计算评价指标值的计算公式。其值在准则曲线之上时,振动将引起疲劳和极不舒适的感觉。邓本超所著的汽车振动乘坐舒适性的评价方法研究一书中指出：指出优质的汽车乘坐舒适性是各汽车制造公司不断追求的目标。由于最近几年国内汽车制造业的迅猛发展,汽车制造业的竞争也日趋激烈,各汽车制造公司加强研发力量,试图开发出乘坐舒适性好、高性能、经济的产品。使自己公司在激烈的市场竞争中常胜不衰。因此,对汽车乘坐舒适性及其评价方法的研究就显得十分的重要。 汽车座椅的轻量化设计是与 CAE 技术相辅相成的，在我国的历史可追溯到改革开放之前。早在 1977 年，长春汽研所谷安涛等人便建立了车架的有限元模型，并进行了相关的分析计算；进入 20 世纪 90 年代，随着计算机技术的不断发展，有限元分析在汽车结构设计上得到更为广泛的应用，轻量化研究工作也有了长足进展。进入 21 世纪后，各大汽车企业先后成立了专业的 CAE研究部门，利用 CAE 技术对汽车进行轻量化设计。如今，轻量化研究已经随着CAE 分析技术的发展，在汽车行业受到越来越多的重视，并成为汽车设计的关键环节之一。杨天云在汽车座椅轻量化结构设计及成形工艺优化一文中指出实现汽车座椅轻量化主要有2种途径:一是利用有限元方法，拓扑优化方法改进汽车整车结构及零部件结构，实现结构件材料分布最优化;二是利用各种轻量化材料，包括高强度钢板材料和轻质材料。张纯亮等人在汽车轻量化技术综述一书中说：根据美国铝协会研究，若汽车整车重量降低 10%，其燃油效率可提高6%8%；汽车整车重量每减少 100kg，其百公里油耗可降低 0.30.6L，二氧化排放量可减少约 5g/km。说明汽车座椅轻量化对燃油效率的影响之大。 1 柳伟. 半主动座椅悬架的设计与振动特性研究D.南京农业大学.2011(11)2 张西强.非线性空气弹簧与弓一网动态特性研究及其对人体舒适度的影响D.天津大学.2012(11)3刘梦安. 基于磁流变液阻尼器的半主动悬挂式座椅性能的评价J. 森林工程. 2009(05) 4 曹君,刘少军,朱浩,黄运明. 基于H_控制的车辆座椅主动悬架系统J. 机电工程. 2007(03) 5 刘有华. 工程车辆座椅设计与舒适性改进D.华东交通大学.20136曹君.基于“车一持一人”模型的车辆座椅悬架H控制研究D.中南大学.2006(11)7邓本波.汽车振动乘坐舒适性的评价方法研究D.合肥工业大学.2005(06)8孙启超.坦克座椅减振控制研究D.中南大学.2007(12)9刘雪芬.北京公交车辆坐具系统设计适应性研究D.北京建筑大学.2013(06)10 郝雪玲，潘公宇，聂秀伟.驾驶员座椅悬架系统主动控制研究与仿真分析J.机床与液压.2011(12)11 夏岚，李文琳，刘文金.基于人机工程学的客车椅设计方法研究J.中南林业科技大学学报.2010(05)12 赵颖博.座椅悬架系统的H控制D.哈尔滨工业大学.2010(06)13杨楠，孙大刚.工程车辆“车一椅一人”系统振动的智能控制J.建筑机械.2012(06)14 刘建强.汽车安全椅J.中国新技术新产品.201515 谢伟东.甚干人持系统三向振动的汽东平顺性律模与仿直D.浙江工业大学.2001 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 本课题要研究或解决的问题本文以汽车座椅为研究对象，为研究对象进行pro/e三维结构建模,利用ANSYS软件建立汽车座椅有限元模型。运用理论力学等方法,对座椅的刚度进行估算, 通过ANSYS软件对汽车座椅在进行分析;对比结果，进行适当可靠性优化，展望其发展。 采用的研究手段 （1）做好理论基础方面的准备，如pro/e和ANSYS软件。 （2）查阅大量有关书籍和论文，学习关于课题领域的研究方法。 （3）制定出项目预定目标和研究步骤并实施。 （4）加强与指导老师和专业人员的交流，探讨解决遇到的疑难问题。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：文献综述基本符合毕业论文课题研究的方向，与所学专业联系比较紧密。在查阅相关资料后进行了总结，基本符合文献综述的特点与要求,但文献的总结偏少。 2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题深度广度适中，工作量符合毕业论文要求；经过认真充分的准备工作，应当能够如期完成毕业论文工作。 3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 07 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 04 月 07 日毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文译文题目：The analysis and improvement of the engineering vehicle seats 工程车辆座椅舒适性分析与改进 学生姓名：专业：所在学院：指导教师：职称：THE ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF THEENGINEERING VEHICLE SEATABSTRACTTraditional Engineering Vehicles were emphasized on the completion of the task while pay less attentions on the driver. Recently, with the development of science and technology,during the routine work, people are increasingly laying stress on the health and comfort. Take the traditional agricultural machine for example, it has no seat for the tiller, people realized that one person chasing behind a machine is a tiring work. During the following engineering machines, the seat for the driver appears. However, the primary seats are rigid ones, leaving a space for the worker and paying less attention to the comfort of the driver. The research and fact show that the rigid seat hardly absorbs vibration, sometimes, it would amplify the shaking. To gain good quality of comfort of seat, some laws were implemented to supervise the seat or vehicle manufacturers to produce seat in good quality. For example, GBT 14779一1997 was issued to constraint the sitting posture of the seat. For the manufacturers, itis essential to highlight the comfort of the seats, for the purpose of producing good products according with the factory standard, the local standard and the national standard. The thesis will do some analysis and researches as follows.Firstly, a kind of seat suspension is designed, which is to absorb the vibration of the vehicle. The seat suspension is designed by the three demensional soft of CATIA. In the paper,the CATIA is made some introduction to the reader, then the three demension view of the seat suspension and the engineering view are made. Also, the stiffness of the spring has been designed and the damper has been made of some experiment. Secondly, in this paper, the factors which have influence on the comfotable of the driver. Except the influence of the vehicle itself, the drivers comfotable is influenced by the vehicle speed and the road roughness. The road condition is usually expressed by the frequency-domain model, whie what the vehicle needs is usually the time-domain model. So the frequency-domain model should be changed into the time-domain model, and the road-roughness is gained. The vehiche velocity and road-roughness ratio are made to be the input parameters in analysising the vehicle comfortable which with seat suspension and which without. By researching them, they can act as theory for the existance of the seat suspension.Finally, the parameters of the seat suspension are simulated. To illustrate the reasonable of the spring and damper parameters, the upper acceleration of the seat panel is measured.Being different weight of different drivers, the related parameters of spring and damper are used. By researching this, it can help to ground the theory of selecting the value of the spring and damper and instruct the practice.Key Words: Engineering Vehicle; Seat Suspension; Design; Sping Stiffness; Absober Damping; Comfort1.2.1 the birth of the seat suspensionCar seat is on the car directly in contact with the drivers hip a part that is also a vehicle vibration transmitted to the driveDrive part of the last link, thus an important influence on the drivers seating comfort.In the original car,Car seats and mouth is often used in life of seats were similar, all use a bucket.Compared with the wooden block in their livesChairs and plastic seat car seat the difference is that the car seat in order to more convenient and car floorConnections, and to make the seat with the whole vehicle form a solid whole, steel structure or commonly used car seatSteel structure, forming a frame.And then over the surface of the upper frame and the drivers hip contact install a seatFight for the driver in the vehicle to provide a more convenient operation space, this is the first car seat.As the, the improvement of people to use cars frequency, it was found that for a long period of time and contact rigidity of car seats, can make hip to produceLarger load.In addition, compared with people in daily life sit, cars drive in the process,In under the effect of road roughness and vehicle speed, can pass the vibration of dynamic transfer through the seat to the drivers hip, come inAnd the vibration is passed to the drivers body, it is added to the car seat to the drivers, especially professionalThe influence of the driver.Many professional drivers and suffer from occupational diseases, such as cervical spondylosis, lumbar disease, head, shoulder,Upper limb pain, swell, etc.Directly to the driver to slow the car seat vibration and the influence of fatigue, people start to look for in a rigidSeat at the top of the seat skeleton bucket with a soft cloth or sponge and other flexible material, the method for the driverVibration and the friction between seat and hips brings a certain improvement.Later, people also found at the bucket seatFlexible material such as with a cloth or sponge between suspension some fine spring wire, can bring a better damping effect to the driver,So this way also widely promotion and has been in use today, also used the most modern carsThis kind of cheap comfort and a better seat.For carrying passengers and their belongings as the main purpose, to occupant as the center, emphasize the comfort of car is concerned, its early in the design have a strict standard for comfort, vibration from the engine to the control of tires, car body, shock absorption performance of suspension, etc, all has the very high request.And, as a result of cars to meet the needs of people reach their destination quickly, the cars chassis is generally low, which determines the car you must drive on the road the good pavement, in view of the above some of the requirements, for the car, on the seat frame to add some cloth or sponge and other flexible material can meet its good ride comfort.But, for long-term driving on poor road conditions and road engineering vehicles (including military vehicles), due to its original the most main purpose is for the completion of the project or task is to transport the goods as the main purpose, so the vehicle suspension damping of shock absorber and spring stiffness values are very big, so it is difficult to give attention to two or morethings arrives the drivers comfort requirements.In addition, because of the construction vehicle which is often only a few drivers or several crew members, thus engineering vehicle driver to take comfort in the past been attention and rarely mentioned.With the development of the society and the needs of the project construction, a growing number of researchers engaged in construction vehicle driving, traditionalEngineering vehicles to be engaged in construction vehicle driver had a larger hurt both physically and mentally, with the progress of science and technologyAs well as people living standard rise, people are not only satisfied with its cargo and the completion of tasks of homework, the driver aboardComfort, more and more attention and concern.The engineering vehicle is now expected to meet with the completion of tasks of the homeworkCan, like a car with good comfort, or close to the cars comfort, is due to the load truckA main job, and therefore cannot reduce vehicle suspension parameters, thus people imagine to add a set of similar on the seatIn vehicle suspension shock absorber and spring mechanism, thus have appeared on the vehicle seat suspension.According to linear seat suspension by some itself is difficult to avoid the above problems, through special scientific research personnelDevice to the structure and the linear characteristics is transformed into nonlinear characteristics, so as to make the seat suspension has better performance of vibration isolation.The common linear seat suspension is transformed into nonlinear methods are: by adding a specific shape, and makeConnected to the elastic element, so as to realize the established nonlinear characteristics;Using changes pitch, diameter, helix Angle changeImplementation of spiral springs;Using multiple spring combination or use magnetic spring to realize nonlinear.GermanyGrammer company pioneered in CAM and elastic element device to realize the nonlinear characteristics of a given. In addition, the UKBostrum company also use CAM and spring and shock absorber was developed institutions such as a nonlinear shear type seat suspension.Enterprises and colleges and universities in our country have made related research in this field, and get the good vibration damping performance.Such as xi an huatai automobile seat co., LTD. The use of shock absorber and spring, the scissors mechanism, chute, rubber pieces and other agencies also developed with non-linear characteristics of seat suspension, henan university of science and technology, using spring, shock absorber, such as surface plate mechanism of mutual cooperation, also developed a similar function of seat suspension.Comfort, starting in the 1980 s, our country has begun to adopt by a certain stiffness of spring and dampingVibration system which has the function of reducing vibration of seat suspension, called elastic seat suspension.Elastic seat suspension in the vertical directionThan the rigid seat suspension vibration isolation effect is much better, resilient seat suspension according to their characteristics is linear or nonlinear elastic is divided into linear and nonlinear seat suspension seat suspension.Seat suspension rigidity and elasticity suspension are collectively referred to as passive seat suspension, research has shown that linear seat suspension for attenuation vibration plays a role, but there is some linear seat suspension: if the seat suspension stiffness is bigger, so the seat suspension system becomes larger, the natural frequency of the driver inHomework by vibration damage mainly comes from the low frequency vibration, so the low frequency vibration attenuation caused by itThe purpose of less, not improve the drivers comfort.On the other hand, if the stiffness is small, so the driver seat contactWhen will make the seat of larger displacement, if strong vibration of vehicles on the road, will lead to greater vibrationCheng, contact the driver seat when the larger displacement brought seat suspension layout space constraints, andExcessive vibration trip will lead to the direction of the driver of vehicle control ability, make manipulation of the disorder.Car seat is on the car directly in contact with the drivers hip a part that is also a vehicle vibration transmitted to the driveDrive part of the last link, thus an important influence on the drivers seating comfort.In the original car,Car seats and seat were used in daily life, using a bucket.Compared with the wooden block in their livesChairs and plastic seat car seat the difference is that the car seat in order to more convenient and car floorConnections, and to make the seat with the whole vehicle form a solid whole, steel structure or commonly used car seatSteel structure, forming a frame.And then over the surface of the upper frame and the drivers hip contact install a seatFight for the driver in the vehicle to provide a more convenient operation space, this is the first car seat.The above mentioned seat suspension because of its simple structure, low cost, implementation is easy, damping effect is obvious, thereforeIn the life has been widely used in production, in the slow due to the damage caused by vehicle vibration plays a very importantThe role of.However, as people life quality further improve, people no longer satisfied with their current passive seat suspension,For when the seat suspension shock absorber damping value and spring stiffness value was determined, you cant get to change, and the driver in the process of driving, due to the effect of road roughness and the speed of the car, driver load on the seatIs to change all the time, if you want to get the best effect of vibration reduction, would require seat suspension and shock absorber damping valuesSpring stiffness value of moment adjustment, to adapt the demand of working condition of the road.So people began to the semi-active seatSuspension and active seat suspension, the semi-active seat suspension and active seat suspension is built on a vehicle semi-active suspensionAnd the basis of vehicle active suspension, semi-active seat suspension technology and active seat suspension technology is with the carThe semi-active suspension and vehicles of generation and development of active suspension.At present, the semi-active suspension and active seat suspensionTechnology is not mature, and there are many technical problems to overcome.For example, the semi-active seat suspension used in electrorheological fluid andMagnetorheological fluid exists particle deposition and flow variations of temperature change constantly, with air spring for a halfActive seat suspension, due to the use of air as power transmission medium, and has the characteristics of easy to compress air, so it is difficult toDo instant inflated and deflated, limited to the slow response of MRF liquidity problems.Active seat suspensionIs due to their large energy consumption, the structure is complex, high cost of restricting its application in vehicle.工程车辆座椅舒适性分析与改进摘要传统工程车辆侧重对工作的完成，对驾驶员的影响考虑较少。近年来，随着科学进步和人们生活水平的提高，在口常工作中，除了对工作的完成度之外，人们还对在工作中的健康和舒适性提出了更高的要求。如传统的农用机械不提供驾驶员座位，人跟着机器走是一件很耗体力的事情，随后供驾驶员乘坐的座位便出现了。起初的仅是一个刚性的座斗，对乘坐舒适性并没有很多要求。研究和事实表明，这种座斗乘坐舒适性很差，无法缓冲车辆工作过程中所产生的振动，甚至对车辆的振动起到放大，作为提高其舒适性，有关部门出台了标准来约束制造商，例如GBT 14779-1997就是又姿人体模板功能设计要求的一种约束。本文围绕以下几方面进行分析和研究。首先，对影响驾驶员的乘坐舒适性的因素进行了分析，不考虑车辆自身参数，乘员的乘坐舒适性受车速和路面不平度系数的影响，路面的状况一般是以路面的频域棒表达，而车辆需要的往往是时域模型，把频域模型转化成相应的时域模型，在此基础上得到路面不平度。文章还把车速和路面不平度系数作为输入分别分析有座椅悬架和无悬架对人体舒适性的影响，为座椅悬架的存在和合理利用提供理论依据。 其次，设计了一款具有减振功能的座椅悬架，此座椅悬架采用CATIA三维造型进行设计。对CATIA软件进行了简要的介绍，然后对座椅悬架的三维图工程进行了制作，并对座椅悬架中的弹簧进行了参数设计，对选购的弹簧进行了实验分析。最后，对座椅悬架的参数进行了仿真分析，通过测得座椅上面板的加速度的衰祠况来评价座椅悬架中弹簧刚度和减振器阻尼值的合理性。针对不同体重的驾驶员，分析得到不同体重等级的驾驶员所应该配备的相应的弹簧刚度值和减振器阻尼值坐椅悬架。为座椅悬架参数取值的合理性提供理论基础和实际指导。关键词:工程车辆;座椅悬架;设计;弹簧刚度;减振器阻尼;舒适性1.2.1座椅悬架的诞生汽车座椅是汽车上与驾驶员的臀部直接相接触的一个部件，也是车辆振动传递到驾驶员的最后一个环节，因而对驾驶员的乘坐舒适性产生很重要的影响。在最初的汽车上，汽车座椅与口常生活中所使用的座椅相差不大，都采用一个座斗。相比生活中的木质座椅与塑料座椅，汽车上的座椅其不同之处在于，汽车上的座椅为了更方便的与汽车地板连接，也为使座椅与整个车辆形成一个牢固的整体，汽车上的座椅一般采用钢制结构或铁制结构，形成一个座椅骨架。然后在骨架上部与驾驶员臀部相接触的表面安装一个座斗，为驾驶员在驾驶车辆提供一个比较方便的操作空间，这便是最初的汽车座椅。随着人们使用汽车频率的提高，人们发现长时间的与刚性的汽车座椅相接触，会使臀部产生比较大的负荷。此外，相比人们在日常生活中的“静坐”的不同，汽车在行驶过程中，在路面不平度与车速的共同作用下，会通过座椅把动态的振动传递到驾驶员的臀部，进而把这种振动传递到驾驶员的全身，这就加剧了人们对汽车座椅对驾驶员，特别是职业驾驶员的影响。很多职业驾驶员因此而患上了职业病，如颈椎病，腰椎病，头部、肩部、上肢疼痛发胀等。为减缓由于汽车座椅给驾驶员带来的直接振动与疲劳的影响，人们开始寻求在刚性的座椅骨架上端的座椅斗上铺一层柔软的布料或是海绵等柔性物质，这种方法对驾驶员的振动以及座椅与臀部之间的摩擦带来了一定的改善。再后来，人们还发现在座椅座斗与布料或海绵等柔性物质之间斜拉一些细弹簧丝，能给驾驶员带来比较好的减振效果，于是这种方式也得到普遍的推广，并且一直沿用至今，现代汽车上也大部分都用采用的这种成本低廉的舒适性又较好的座椅。对于作为以载运人员及其随身物品为主要目的，以乘员为中心，强调舒适性的轿