基础综合英语邱东林版答案.pdf

Test 1 Part II. Vocabulary Section A :21-25 C B A D D 26-30 C C B D B Section B: 31-35 B C A C A 36-40 D C D B A Part III. Cloze Test 41-45 B D A C C 46-50 A B D C A Part IV Reading Comprehension 51-54 C D C A 55-58 C D B B 59-62 B A C D 63-66 A C D A 67-70 C A B C Part V Translation Section A 第一次化学革命带来的众多方便设施使现代生活变了样， 150 年后的今天， 一场新的化学革命正在酝酿之中。 这场 21 世纪的革命-被称为绿色化学-是对环保费用和经济成本的一种反 应， 这两者通常是这种变革潜在的薄弱环节。 绿色化学的根本理念在于： 一种化学品的设计师应负责考虑该化学品投入使 用后对世界会产生什么影响。 通过从根本上重新思考化工产品的设计， 大学和私营企业的绿色化学家们正 在开发制造产品的新办法，以促进我们的经济和生活方式的发展和提高，不再出 现近年来极为明显的损害现象。 代价确实够高的。清除化学废物的费用日益昂贵。美国杜邦公司就生产特富 龙和戈尔-膨体聚四氟乙烯薄膜而导致对环境的破坏同意支付高达 6 亿美元作 为罚金以及消除环境损害的费用。 可是要保持地球安全并不意味着必须放弃不粘 锅和膨体薄膜。 美国人历来视经济效益和环境保护为鱼与熊掌-两者不能兼顾。 绿色化学会 改变这种顾此失彼的状态。 Section B With any culture there are certain rules and customs that you should follow so you dont offend anyone. This is no difference for the culture that exists on the Internet, whether you are emailing, chatting, with other people, gaming or building your own Web site. There is a list of golden rules you should live by to help your online experience be as smooth as possible. This code is known as “Netiquette”. 1. Be polite Some people think that being on the Internet means you are anonymous and so you can get away with being rude in chat rooms and on message boards. This is not true, as most Web sites have tracking features. 2. Be respectful The Internet is a global community, and other peoples values and outlooks on life may be different to your own. Be tolerant and careful with slang or phrases that may not be understood in another country. 3. Be modest Always play nice and give encouragement to your fellow players and opposition. Test 2 Part II. Vocabulary Section A : 21-25 D B A D C 26-30 D B B C B Section B: 31-35 D B B A C 36-40 D A C B B Part III. Cloze Test 41-45 C A B A D 46-50 B C B A D Part IV Reading Comprehension 51-54 A B D A 55-58 B D C A 59-62 C A D B 63-66 B C B D 67-70 C D C A Part V Translation Section A Google 招聘员工通常不是为了填补某一特定职位。其意图是引进什么岗位 都能胜任的多面手人才。一名新来的 Google 人可能会被安排去开发搜索功能在 手机上的应用小组，而那个项目完成后可能又会让他去协助其它项目，比如说， 为视频搜索原型编码。 在 Google 飞速发展时，人们怀疑它是否对因特网的未来下了正确的赌注， 这也不是没有道理的。一方面，Google 开发了新的基于网络的软件并且寻求合 作伙伴，这可能对微软台式电脑的一统天下构成了威胁，从而促使微软这一西雅 图巨人和它打起了竞争战。但 Yahoo！对未来的憧憬与 Google 完全不同，它可 能才是 Google 的最大威胁。搜索行业的未来成败难料。对于 Google 来说，最 重要的是利用因特网的巨大能量，尽量快而准的获取搜索结果。 但如果未来的搜索变得越来越个性化，越来越本土化，那是会出现什么情况 呢？我们可能会更多的转向朋友、邻居甚至陌生人，向他们来征求意见、探讨厨 艺、搜寻旅游小贴士等。这基本上就是 Yahoo！押下赌注的地方。Yahoo！认为， 像 Google 这样的搜索引擎搜索到的是大量需要消化处理的数据，这是不会让大 家满意的。而 Yahoo！所关注的是“社会搜索”这种搜索让因特网的日常用户可 以汇聚他们的知识， 以创造替代性的内容体系来提供更切题的结果-这样做当然 也是可以赚钱的。 说到底，Google 的经商主张就是相互信任；它掌握着我们大量的数据、包 括我们搜索的信息、我们邮件的内容等等，所以我们需要知道 Google 不会对它 们存有恶意。 Section B Beijing is undaunted in its ambition to become a world leader in hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered cars. The dream is not farfetched. Making hydrogen cars a reality is only partly a matter of coming up with technological breakthroughs. It also involves replacing gasoline filling stations, refineries and internal-combustion engines with hydrogen equivalents. Chinas relative lack of development may thus be a virtue; the countrys leadership has a relatively clean slate upon which to build a hydrogen-car industry, should it choose to do so. Which strategy China chooses stands to have a huge impact on the country-and on the rest of the world. At present, the Middle Kingdom is traversed by relatively few cars-only about 20 million. That amounts to barely eight cars per 1,000 people, which is a far cry from the 100 in Brazil or 940 in the United States. China is catching up quickly, however. At its current rater of growth, the country will surpass Japan and become the worlds second largest auto market by 2011, with annual sales of 5 million cars. In the next few years, Chinas hydrogen proponents will be pressing their case. Hydrogen, they argue, may be a matter of survival. For one thing, the nations growing demand for oil poses a national-security risk. Developing a hydrogen-based economy would relieve that pressure. Chinas growing environmental problems are another argument for developing hydrogen. Unit 1 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter. 我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。直到施蒂 夫特太太当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。 2. No one seems to stop to think that no matter what environments they come from most kids dont put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake. 似乎没有人停下来想想看，无论孩子们来自何种环境，他们当中大多数若不是发 现情况到了危急关头，才不会把功课当作头等大事呢。 3. Of average intelligence or above, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish. 这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨，学不 下去了。 4. Young people generally dont have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. 年轻人往往不够成熟，不会像我的成人学生们那样重视教育 5. It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that the students have the ability to learn the material presented to them. 这表明老师和家长都对学生有信心，相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习材料。 6. This means no more doing Scotts assignments for him because he might fail. No more passing Jodi because shes such a nice kid. 这意味着再也不要因为担心斯科特会不及格而替他做作业， 再也不要因为朱迪是 个乖孩子而放她过关。 Translate the following paragraph into English with words and phrases given below. 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉 强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果 李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否 则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业 生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. Whats more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard, she would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit 2 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. I had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian caf , under dazzling stars, like the one in a Van Gogh knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment. Instead, my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was Windexing the bathroom mirror. 我一直有这样的梦想：星光灿烂的晚上，在一家巴黎咖啡馆能有人向我求婚。那 个咖啡馆就像凡高所画的“夜晚的咖啡馆” ，我的画室墙上就挂着一幅此画的翻 印本。 然而， 我男朋友却是在我用 “稳得新” 擦洗卫生间镜子的时候叫我嫁给他。 2. But the more time and effort I put in, the more the universe tried to thwart me. The Greek band from Los Angeles that I wanted wasnt available. The stitching I had requested for my cathedral veil was all wrong. My ivory silk gown was being quarantined somewhere in Singapore. 但是，我投入的时间和精力越多，万事就越和我过不去。没有请到我想要的洛杉 矶希腊乐队。我到教堂时所戴面纱的针线活也很糟，不是我原来所要求的。我订 的象牙色的丝绸礼服被隔离在新加坡的某个地方。 3. I realized that a Big Day without my mother would be no day at all. Not having my dad, who passed away three years before, to walk me down the aisle was painful, but the thought of not having Mom there was unbearable. 我认识到没有妈妈的大喜日子不可思议。老爸已经在三年前过世，不可能牵着我 的手到教堂圣坛完婚，这已经让我觉得凄苦。但是一想到妈妈那天也不能在教堂 就让我觉得无法忍受。 4. Our baby sister, whod been looking after Mom since Dads death, was gripped by fear as the familiar sights and smells were eerily reminiscent of his final days. After consulting with doctors, we learned that stomach surgery was Moms only option. We took the first opening. 小妹自家父去世以来一直照顾着妈妈，这时恐惧占据了她的心，此情此景让她不 由得想起家父临终的日子。咨询医生后，我们得知胃部手术是妈妈唯一的选择。 医院一有床位我们就住进去了。 5. Whats more, caring for my mom made me realize how consummately she had cared for all of us. Ill never forget when I went to see her in the intensive-care unit, just a few hours after her surgery. She was strung out with a myriad of plastic tubes protruding from her arms, nose, and mouth. “Liz, make sure you eat something,” she said in a strained, raspy voice. 此外， 照顾母亲也让我认识到她当年照料我们是多么地尽心。 我永远也不会忘记， 她刚动完手术几个小时后，我到特护病房去看她。她躺在那里，手臂、鼻孔和嘴 巴里插了那么多的塑料导管，她却吃力、沙哑地说道： “莉兹，你一定要吃点东 西。 ” 6. Ive forgotten what kind of stitching is in my veil. But when I remove it from my face, Ill be staring at the two people I love beyond all reason : my soon-to-be husband and the woman who showed me whats really important. 我已经忘记面纱上的刺绣。但在我掀掉面纱的时候， 我肯定会脉脉地注视着我 所最爱的两个人：我的未婚夫和让我懂得人生要义的那个女人-我的母亲。 Translate the following paragraph into English with words and phrases given below. 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她 求婚。 究其原因， 她事业心极强， 整日扑在工作上， 每天来往于住处和公司之间， 根本没有时间和异性交往。 一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人， 她父母就焦虑不安。 他们不知道该如何是好，甚至为此事还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗 位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意 识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事， 我也担忧未来究竟会怎 样， 但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎 随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career-oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociological experts. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Lindas love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I dont know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. In sequential testimony, each one stated that he did not believe tobacco was a health risk and that his company had taken no steps to manipulate the levels of nicotine in its cigarettes. 在随后的证词中，每个人都陈述自己不相信烟草会给健康带来风险，而且自 己的公司从未采取措施来操纵香烟中尼古丁的含量。 2. Dr. Brandt amply demonstrates that Big Tobacco understood many of the health risks of their products long before the 1964 surgeon generals report. 布兰特博士用充足的证据证明，早在 1964 年卫生局局长的报告发表前，各大 烟草巨头就已了解了自家产品对健康造成的诸多风险。 3. Early in the 20th century, opposition to cigarettes took a moral rather than a health-conscious tone, especially for women who wanted to smoke, although even then many doctors were concerned that smoking was a health risk. 在 20 世纪初期，对香烟的抵制带着道德的口吻，而不是出于对健康的关注， 对想抽烟的女性更是如此，不过即使在当时，许多医生已经关注到吸烟会给健 康造成风险。 4. And their marketing memorandums document advertising campaigns aimed at youngsters to hook whole new generations of smokers. 在他们的营销备忘录中，记录了他们针对青少年发动的广告运动，旨在诱惑一代代的新 烟民。 5. Instead, these experts focused primarily on a small group of skeptics of the dangers of cigarettes during the 1950s, many of whom had or would eventually have ties to the tobacco industry. 相反， 这些专家主要关注的是20世纪50年代的一小撮对香烟危害的怀疑论者， 他们中的大部分人要么就是当时就与烟草业有勾结， 要么最终也会同烟草业勾 结起来。 6. Last August, she concluded that the tobacco industry had engaged in a 40-year conspiracy to defraud smokers about tobaccos health dangers. 去年八月，她总结道，烟草行业策划了一场为期 40 年的阴谋， 以欺骗烟民， 掩盖烟草对健康的危害。 Translate the following paragraph into English with the words and phrases given below. 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假 消息， 颂扬食物添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益 无害。 部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究， 研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期使用，可能会对健康产生危害，这 被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的一项成就。 尽管一小撮由厂商雇佣的怀疑 论者质疑研究的科学性，并嘲笑人们胆子太小，但不少消费者已经开始重视食品 添加剂问题，并转而食用天然食物和新鲜食物。部分专家表示，一旦消费者针对 食品商的欺诈行为提起诉讼，他们愿意提供证词。 The disingenuousness of food suppliers has become a serious issue in todays society. Some of them defraud the public by disinformation and extolling food additives as a great achievement in food industry. They also claim that additives at a moderate level do no harm to health. Some righteous scientists have made in-depth pathological investigations into the content and toxicity of food additives. Their findings, which suggest that some common food additives may lead to health risks if used for a long time, were regarded as a landmark event in the research of food security. Although a gaggle of skeptics hired by food manufacturers question whether such researches are scientifically based and even deride people as timid, many consumers are beginning to pay attention to food additives and turning to natural and fresh food. Some experts promise to give testimony if any consumer charges food suppliers with racketeering. Unit 6 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. In todays global economy firms and countries no longer specialize in the production of goods alone but increasingly in the finer tasks that make up the manufacturing, commercial and financial processes, bringing about lower costs, better quality and more choices for consumers. 在当今的全球经济下，公司和国家不再专营商品生产，而是越来越专注于精细 的任务。这些任务贯穿制造、销售和财务各过程，并实现降低成本、提高质量 和为消费者提供更多选择的目的。 2Globalization is providing the world with not only greater economic opportunities but also a remarkable resilience to events that in the past would have proven highly disruptive. 全球化提供给我们这个世界的不止是更多经济发展的契机， 还大大增强了我们 的抵抗力，可以轻松应对在过去颇具颠覆力量的事件 3Just as with any other economic or social phenomenon, globalization faces risks that could challenge its growth, or worse, cause its reversal. 正如其他任何经济或社会现象一样，全球化也面临着各种风险。这些风险可能阻碍其进 一步发展，更有甚者，可能造成大逆转。 4The strategies to tackle a new wave of globalization reversal are no mystery; they were learned through hard experience. 解决新一轮逆转的策略并没有什么神秘可言，只不过是痛苦的经验教训的总结。 5Another essential component is rules-based international cooperation, particularly when it comes to containing or dissipating geopolitical threats to global stability. 另一重要方面是以规则为基础的国际合作， 特别是在抑制或消解影响全球稳定 的地缘政治威胁方面。 Translate the following paragraph into English with words and phrases give below. 本文体现了作者对全球化肯定的态度， 但也表达了作者对全球化所带来的挑战 的焦虑。全球化在国际范围内促进了经济增长，使富有的国家持续发展，在其 他地方减少贫困。因为国家经济相互依赖的程度越来越高，在各国寻求进步与 安全的过程中，合作就变得至关重要。然而，问题是近来人们似乎已忘记了国 际合作的价值。我们从历史的教训中知道，忽略国际法则、协议以及惯例就意 味着全球化的大逆转。 This essay embodies the authors positive attitude toward globalization, but it also conveys his worries about the challenges brought about by globalization. Globalization enhanced economic growth at an international level, sustaining the expansion in rich countries and reducing poverty in the rest of the world. Since national economies have become increasingly interdependent, cooperation becomes crucial in the pursuit of progress and security. Nevertheless, the problem is that the value of international cooperation seems to have been forgotten lately. History teaches us that bypassing international laws, agreements and institutions means incurring the reversal of globalization. Unit 7 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. Her handling of the plagiarism charges against her has arguably been worse than the charges themselves. 她对剽窃指控的处理可能比指控本身更糟糕。 2. They give universities a chance to pay back some of their debt to the societies that nurture them. 他们也使大学得以回报社会对它们的滋养。 3. Academics have a habit of crawling along the frontiers of knowledge with a magnifying glass, blind to the wide vistas opening up before them, and often reducing the most engaging subjects to tedious debates about methodology. 学者们总是手持放大镜沿着研究前沿匍匐前行，而对前方的广阔天地熟视无睹， 经常将最有价值的课题演变为方法论的无味争吵。 4. The same media machine that turned Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodwin into superstars is now trashing their reputations. 媒体曾将安布罗斯和古德温推向事业顶峰，如今却正让他们名声扫地。 5. The fact that Americas bestseller lists feature works written by academic authorities amongst the ghost-written memoirs and celebrity suck-up jobs should be cause for rejoicing. 由枪手代劳的自传和极尽谄媚之辞的作品遍地都是， 而美国畅销书的排行榜更青 睐名家们的专著。这一事实也足以让我们欣慰。 6. Stephen Ambrose was arguably Americas favorite historian, a man who wrote bestsellers faster than most people read them. 斯蒂芬.安布罗斯是美国非常得宠的历史学家，他创作畅销小说速度飞快，让读 者目不暇接 。 Translate the following paragraph into English with words and phrases given below. 名家总是树敌众多。几乎每周都能看到所谓的专家名流身败名裂，一败涂地。比 如非常得宠的历史学家安布罗斯就被曝出其五部作品过度地“借鉴”了他人的专 著。 美国电视节目的常客古德温曾用钱打发了被剽窃的作者。对名家的其它指控 也轰然而至，如满口谎言、道貌岸然、欺世盗名。是个别现象还是整个风气的败 坏？至少还有两点说明他们还是不无裨益的。 首先， 他们显然促进了思想的传播， 使普通人有机会获取信息，还使大学得以回报社会。其次，它们有助于让学术界 留住人才。归根结底美国学术界的症结在于研究视野的狭隘化。市场是只无形的 手，那些欺诈之徒会为自己的错误付出代价。 The celebrity professors have many natural enemies. No week goes by without some academic celebrity or other biting the dust, his reputation in tatters. Ambrose is an Americas favorite historian. It now turns out that five of his books contain extensive “borrowings” from others works. Goodwin, a fixture on American television, quietly mollified one of her chief victims by paying her some money. Other charges are also being hurled at celebrity professors, say, take compulsive lying, hypocrisy and general flatulence. Is it a case of a few bad apples or the whole barrel? Yet there are two big arguments in favor of what they do. Unit 8 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay special attention to the translation of the words in bold. 1. No human being could fail