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矿车 轮对 拆卸 机构 设计

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矿车轮对拆卸机构的设计,矿车,轮对,拆卸,机构,设计

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河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表指导教师： 王 志 阳 职称： 副 教 授 所在院（系）：机械与动力工程学院 教研室（研究室）：机械设计教研室题 目矿车轮对拆卸机设计学生姓名李彦龙专业班级08机设4班学号0828200009一、选题质量：（主要从以下四个方面填写：1、选题是否符合专业培养目标，能否体现综合训练要求；2、题目难易程度；3、题目工作量；4、题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际的结合程度） 所选的题目来源于生产实践中的真实课题，要求设计的矿车轮对拆卸机适于中小批量的生产，具有非常好的创造性及巧妙合理的设计思想，对于本科毕业设计而言，题目难度适中，并且该题目由该同学单独完成，工作量比较大，对学生的专业素质要求较高，选题完全符合专业培养目标，综合训练的要求也得到充分的体现。所选题目与实际贴合比较紧密，在实际的应用中比较广泛。二、开题报告完成情况：开题报告已完成。该题目选题的目的明确，具有很好的现实意义，该题目设计思想是该同学结合煤矿实际需要研发的，设计过程所用的方法正确，并结合了机械制造工艺学、机械设计与制图等专业知识，资料获取途径不单一，参考文献资料较为广泛，因而开题报告完成质量较高。三、阶段性成果：1对本次设计进行了方案确定，及完成了拆卸力的计算和液压系统的设计，理清了矿车轮对拆卸机设计思路，基本上达到了设计的目的。 2到目前为止，已完成开题报告、实习报告、部分说明书和零件图。 3进一步对整体说明书和完整的图纸绘制做准备工作。四、存在主要问题： 1初步选择的液压缸设计及整体布置不是非常合理，还有待于进一步的改进提高。 2液压缸的各种参数计算尚未完成 。 3局部结构设计思路不是很清晰。五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语指导教师： （签名） 年 月 日2河南理工大学本科毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目名称矿车轮对拆卸机设计学生姓名李彦龙专业班级08机设四班学号0828200009一、课题研究的问题：在矿山轮对拆卸机设计中，主要完成对矿车轮对拆卸机液压缸各个部件的设计以及各部件配合的设计计算。2、 选题的目的和意义：通过对我国矿车运行情况的调查，我们发现，因矿车是矿井上下设备、物料运输的主要工具，故其载重大，使用频繁高，再加上矿车运行环境差，从而使矿车使用过程中故障频繁，尤其是其行走车轮部分，占矿车故障总数的80以上，直接影响到我国矿厂的日常生产。因此，更换及维修矿车行走轮部分已成为我国矿车维修工作中的一项重要工作内容。要更换矿车轮必须先拆掉矿车轮对。在该设计中，就是要设计一套拆卸矿山轮对专用的机械设备。由于矿车轮轴承外圈与轮毂之间是过渡配合，同时轴承外圈和车轮之间还有锈迹，所以拆除并不是一件很容易的事。多年来，我国很多矿厂一直采用原始的大锤敲击的方法，故一直存在着如下缺点：劳动强度大，拆卸非常吃力；工作效率低；废品率高，因大锤敲打很难掌握力度及平衡，故损坏备件较多。在竞争激烈的当今社会，这种原始的拆卸方法已不能满足我国矿厂实际生产的需要，特别是在我国矿业现代化发展在背景下，为增加效益，各矿厂已加大了对产品规模的扩大。在这种情况下，维修矿车行走轮部分越来越显得力不从心，甚至经常因为损坏的矿车不能及时被修好而影响生产。因此，设计并加工一套矿车车轮轴承外实拆卸机具有重要的意义。经济效益根据对矿厂的调查，一个中等规模的矿厂，一年中，因行走车轮部分报废的车辆，就达500余辆之多，而此时报废的车轮轮对就达1000余对。如购置新轮对，一个轮对1000元，就需要费用100万余元。而如果采用机械设备维修，加更换零部件和劳动力成本，一个轮对约需要120元，需要费用仅12万元，这样就可以节约成本88万元。因此，采用机械设备维修，能给矿厂带来巨大的经济效益。提高生产率目前，随着各矿厂规模的扩大，因损坏的矿车不能及时被修好而影响生产的情况越来越多。据生产现场调查，一个工人用大锤敲击的方法拆卸一个车轮，至少需要15分钟，一个小时能拆卸4个车轮，一天8小时全工作也只能拆卸32个车轮，即拆卸16个轮对，显然这种拆卸效率太低。但如果采用专用机械设备拆卸，一个工人拆卸一个矿车车轮的轴承外圈，包括装卸时间将会不超过3分钟，至少是大锤敲击效率的5倍。这样不仅提高拆卸效率，同时还节约了大量的劳动力成本。减轻工人劳动强度。拆卸一个车轮轴承外圈，需要工人用力均匀敲打车轮好几十下，不仅劳动强度之大，而且工人敲打技术要求还很高。而采用成套专用机械设备，只需工人操作按钮，大大减轻劳动强度，一般人均可操作。 保证质量采用大锤敲打，很多时候因工人掌握力度不均引起车轮受力不平衡而损坏，此时损坏的车轮，是彻底的报废，只能更换新的车轮。而采用专用机械设备维修，将使报废率为零，因为专用机械设备不可能因受力不均而损坏车轮。矿山轮对拆卸机设计成功，能有效增强该拆卸机对矿车轮轴承外圈难拆、难卸的问题的解决，使矿车在维修时更省力、更及时，进而大大提高维修效率，为矿厂的正常生产、运输提供保障。三、国内外研究综述： 矿山轮对拆卸机是针对拆卸矿车车轮的专用机械设备。目前，我国很多矿厂还采用原始的大锤敲击的方法来拆卸矿山轮对，随着在我国矿业现代化的发展，这种原始的拆卸方法已不能满足我国矿厂实际生产的需要，各矿厂经常因损坏的矿车不能及时被修好而影响生产。因此，设计矿山轮对拆卸机具有重要的意义。设计中着重进行了螺母拆卸机构、卸车轮机构、轮对固定装置和液压系统的设计。四、主要参考文献与资料获得情况：1周士昌.液压系统设计.北京：机械工业出版社，1999 2李庆余.张佳机.械制造装备设计. 北京：机械工业出版社，1997 3王晓林.制造技术与机床.机床杂志社4常向青.面向装配与拆卸的设计理论方法研究.北京理工大学.博士论文20015王隆太先进制造技术.扬州大学6左健民.液压与气压传动. 北京：机械工业出版社，19987张利平.液压站的设计与使用.海洋出版社8濮良贵.纪名刚.机械设计. 北京：机械工业出版社，19999杨陪元.简明液压系统设计手册. 北京：机械工业出版社，1999五、毕业设计的时间安排：1. 前一学期第16-17周 毕业设计题目申报2. 前一学期第18周 师生双向选择3. 第1周 安排毕业实习4. 第25周 毕业实习5. 第25周 毕业实习6. 第68周 开题报告7. 第918周 进度检查记录8. 第1112周 中期检查9. 第1011周 期中教学检查10. 第14周 毕业答辩小组安排11. 第1617周 毕业设计审查六、指导老师审批意见：指导教师：（签名）年 月 日 七、院系老师审批意见:院系老师: (签名)年 月 日攀枝花学院毕业设计（论文）英文原文New Trends and Problems in Material Processing Machine Design TheoryWANG Ai-lun ,DUAN Ji-an ,HUANG Ming-hui ,ZHONG Jue(College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering ,Central South University ,Changsha 410083 ,Hunan China)Abstract :Based on reviewing the historical background, prospecting for the development trend ,analyzing the complicacy and mechanism and summing up some achievements and experiences in scientific research , several new problems and the possible direction of development in material processing technology and machine are proposed ,such as ,producing new concept materials possessing some specific and extraovdinary properties by means of integrating and coalescing conelative frontier science and technology ;and thereafter a brief discussion is given.Keywords: interface; extraordinary physical field; procession machine ; function material1The Time Background of Material Processing MachineIn the long span of history of human progress ,many tools ,machines and methods were created and a variety of materials with different properties were processed. Materials and its processing have become one of pillar and driving force of mankind progress. In pace with multi - polar competition in current world and peoples striving perseveringly for happier life ,material function goes beyond unceasingly mens knowledge and imagination ,for example ,cryptic function material ,semiconductor material ,energy material ,vibration - absorptive material , super - strength aluminum alloy accounting for 70 percent of application of aeronautics and space ,metal foil of 45m ,deep drawing plate with anisotropy below 1 percent ,electronic aluminum foil with micro - orientation up to 95 percent ,heat resisting aluminum alloy with super strong specific strength used in aeronautics ,space and deep sea ,etc. 1 ,2 Thus several important development trends with distinct time features in material processing domain are shaped up as follows :(1) Creating material processing machine with extraordinary physical field for processing material with special texture structures and functions. For example ,applications of thermal energy and mechanical energy are breaking through unceasingly technology limit ,and some non - tradition energy ,such as microwave ,chemical energy , bioenergy , etc. , are introduced into material processing procedure one after another ,so that some material processing machines with extraordinary energy circumstance are produced.(2) Breaking through traditional physical limits and integrating melting ,solidifying ,plastic deformation and heat treatment to obtain special function of material and cut down expenses3 . For example ,near - net shaping material processing technology , such as fast rolling , spraying deposition ,over - plastic molding , injection molding , high energy beam ,etc ,is applied.(3) Material processing process is forged ahead in the direction of high speed ,heavy - duty and high accuracy online control ,for instance , the rolling speed goes up to 130 ms - 1 ,the deformation pressure rises up to 300 MPa ,accuracy of dimension up to 0.1m ,accuracy of shape up to 0. 1 I ,strength accuracy comes up to 0.1 MPa. For these reasons ,it is necessary for material processing machine design theory to integrate and coalesce ingeniously correlative frontier science and technology to create and produce some new concept material processing machine with following functions.2Due Functions of New Concept Material Processing Machine(1) To have the ability to produce and bear extraordinary physical field and transmit extraordinary energy flow with the aim of providing extraordinary physical circumstances necessary for new concept material processing. For example ,high gradient temperature field with the speed of cool - down of work interface which exceeds 104106 Ks - 1 , line wave and pulse complex exerted in solidifying - deforming area , super - strength contact stress field of material forming interface ,turbulent flow field of molten metal with very big flakiness ratio ,low frequency magnetic field with random frequency ,microwave field for powder metal heating ,ultrasonic field for large volume solidifying ,etc. 4 ,are applied.(2) To have the ability to work in critical state so that high stability and ideal performance of processing machine is ensured under the circumstance of reinforced technological condition and multi - field coupling operation. For example ,chatter suppressing capability of fast ultra - thin rolling under the condition of boundary lubricating state5 ,the capability of self - excited vibration suppressing under the condition of special friction state ,synergism stability and disturbance stability of flexible connecting parallel shaft with multi - driving system ,etc. 4 ,are ensured.(3) To have the ability to accurately control the material processing in order to obtain low loss ,high efficiency and high quality of material processing. For example , super - high accuracy on - line monitor of products form ,on line monitor and on - line adjustment of products texture and properties ,precision coordination control of multi - procedure , on - line monitor of micro - orientation of metal plastic deformation ,etc. 4 ,are ensured. Some products accuracy index may be enumerated as follows : dimensional accuracy coming to 0.1m , microstructure uniformity to crystal lattice ,strength error to 0.1 MPa ,etc. 4 In short ,only by new concept material processing machine with extraordinary function being designed and made , can special function material be processed.3 Science Problems and Study Contents of Metal Material Processing MachineUnder the Circumstance of Extraordinary Physical FieldIn view of these facts and background mentioned above ,several new research topics can be advanced as follows.3. 1 Coupling Heat Transfer Mechanism of Multi - Phase Interface Temperature - Stress FieldA brand - new microstructure can be obtained through continuously large deformation and fast solidifying when melting metal is in critical state of liquid solid. At this very moment ,high density heat flow and dynamic heat resistance are present in material processing circumstance6 ,7 . A basic theory problem of designing this kind of machine is to study mechanism of heat transmittance and energy conversion ,and to establish mathematical model .3. 2 Friction Constraint Mechanism of Plastic Flow Interface of Material Processing MachineThe coupling between operation mechanism and workpiece is very complicated because plastic flow is present in processing interface. The interface state , determined by velocity , load thermodynamic process , elasticity of operation mechanism ,plasticity of workpiece ,dynamic behaviour of interface sticking - sliding and partial hydrodynamic lubrication ,etc ,affect and form friction constraints mechanism peculiar to material processing machine ,because these constraints present strong non - linearity ;and under certain circumstances ,the constraints may be destroyed or mismatched instantaneously and thus dynamic instability is resulted in. Thus following problems can be put forward : Mechanism of“spectre chatter”arose from sticking - sliding friction and partial hydrodynamic lubrication in rolling interface , instability condition and mechanism of constraint between smooth surface and rotating body under the circumstance of high speed ,heavy - duty and boundary lubrication , Lubrication film absorption mechanism and physical chemistry behaviour of interface of unceasingly regenerative surface ,the relationship between rheological characteristic and machine operation parameters.3. 3 Multi - Body Non - Linear Contact Mechanism Under the Condition of Extra - High Pressure FieldTo build the super strength pressure field on large area is one of basic function of material processing machine , and it is also necessary to form by once large - size structure element (such as spacecraft , intercontinental vehicles ,car and large - scale aeroplane etc) . The ability to build super strong pressure field is one of important feature and the base of independent national defense. Under the circumstance of super strength pressure field ,multi - body strong nonhertz contact and non - linear friction will be produced ,thus local permanent deformation and degrading of element accuracy may be led. New theory foundation of design of machine with super strength pressure field will be furnished through study of multi - body strong non - hertz contact mechanism , multi - body non - linear friction mechanism (such as providing force - displacement mixed solving process of three - dimension multi - body) .3. 4 Load Distribution Law in Multi - Sliding Pair With Structure Bias LoadWith regard to statically indeterminate structure ,load distribution of constraint point is determined by deformation compatibility condition. However ,concerning some plane large - size statically indeterminate structure with sliding degree of freedom in third dimension ,load distribution can not be determined by deformation compatibility condition. Thus new theory basis will be provided by analyzing of contact behaviour and mechanism of sliding pair (such as creep ,force of friction ,integral deformation compatibility condition ,etc) .3. 5 Coupling Mechanism and Stability of Multi - Physical Fields in Material Processing SystemsIn the wake of system function becoming more and more diversified , conventional technology limits in material processing machine is being broke through unceasingly ,system structure also becomes increasingly complicated ,and system performance becomes increasingly multi - causal . For example ,any instantaneous state of roller in fast rolling mills is affected by elastic deformation ,plastic flow ,heat transfer process , hydro - dynamic lubrication process ,interface physical chemistry molecular state and so on5 . In addition ,electromechanical coupling in processing system have already gone beyond conventional concept ,for instance ,some singular point phenomenon (such as micro - variable can be transformed into macro - variable) ,are present ,thus roller operation instability may be led by perturbation8 . Therefore ,this subject will study the interaction mechanism of multi - physical field and the influence on processing system stability and processing material quality started with analysis of micro - state of executive body.3. 6 Multi - Technology Integration and Coalescence of Accurate ControlThe material processing machine ,which operate under the circumstance of extraordinary physical field ,is a complicated large - scale system ,and some parameters of the system vary on feasible field boundary ;thereby ,to keep under accurate control and adjustment of multi field circumstance ,multi - dimension coordination ,multi - energy conversion , multi - level information transfer ,interface multi - process coupling ,etc. is of much significance. Since a variety of multi - interaction exists in control model ,it is necessary to establish integration framework of coordination work according to decoupling of control model ,so as to accurate control based on the multi - technology integration and coalescence is realized.3. 7 Quasi - Reality Design and Concurrent Design Based on Knowledge Innovation SystemsDigitalization and visualization of material processing technology will promote immediately the quality of design, operation and control . Therefore optimization of material processing technology and material processing machine by means of realization of virtual simulation of processing procedure through quasi - reality design and concurrent design is one of our pressing study subjects.3. 8 Mechanical Behavior of Special Function Materials in the Extraordinary Physical FieldMany key elements and parts in material processing machine are often under the circumstance of super strong force field ,temperature field ,electronic magnetic field and flow field ,and must have the functions of constructing special physical interface. However ,it is difficult for common single - substance material such as metal ,ceramic polymer ,etc. to have both high index of single property and excellent overall quality. Therefore we need to use certain material with new functions for key position9 ,for instance ,multi - dimension function gradient material with ultrahigh physical property ,multi - dimension function gradient material with intelligence. For these reasons ,it is necessary to study basic law and mechanism of these kind of function material mentioned above ,for instance ,stress (strain) distribution function ,failure mechanism and design criteria of material under the circumstance of extraordinary physical field ,static (dynamic) stiffness and damping ,digitalization design and visualization design of processing system made of gradient function material ,etc ,so that the general mechanics law of element which is under the circumstance of extraordinary physical field and made of anisotropy multi - dimension gradient function material is obtained. Nowadays ,material processing science and technology is forging rapidly ahead. A forward - looking study aiming at key technology problem of material processing machine will provide theory and technology reserve for manufacturing science and industry of 21st century.英文翻译材料制备机械设计理论中的新趋势和新问题王艾伦,段吉安,黄明辉,钟 掘(中南大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙 410083)摘 要:在全面综述材料制备机械技术及设备发展动态的基础上,提出了研究领域的几个新问题和发展方向,如通过集成和融合现代相关前沿科学和技术，生产具有超常和特殊性能的新概念材料等,并进行了简要分析和讨论.关键词:界面;超常物理场;制备机械;功能材料1机械材料加工的时代背景在人类进步的一段长时间范围内，许多工具、机械和方法被提出来；不同的原料用不同的工具来加工。原料及其处理过程已经变成了推动人类进步不可缺的一部份。在当前世界中日益激烈的竞争和人们追求幸福生活的今天，物质的功能已经远远超出了人类现有的并不断增长的知识及想象。例如：神秘原料功能，半导体材料，原料能量有吸力的材料，在航空领域中占有70%份额的强力铝合金45um的薄金属片，用各向异性深冲压金属板在1%以下；电子铝箔与强耐热铝合金已经被应用到航空、宇宙及深海领域中，等等；在原料加工加工领域中不同的时间段里，材料重要发展趋势就这样形成了：（1）在特殊的物理领域里制造原料加工机械，是为了能有特殊的质地结构和辅助性的加工功能。例如：运用热能和机械能能够突破科学技术的极限，将一些不常用的能量，例如：微波、化学能、生物能等等，一个接一个的被引入到材料加工中来，因此一些加工特殊能量原材料的加工设备就被制造出来了。（2）突破传统的物质限制，将溶化、凝固、造型一体化，然后加热得到具有特殊功能的原料，这样就可以降低加工费用。例如：材料加工整形技术，比如像快速翻滚，喷雾处理、塑胶成型、喷射造型法、高能量射束等等被应用。（3）原料加工处理正在向高速、重载和高精度在线控制方向上迈进。例如：轧制速度达到130m/s，压力变形已达到300MPa，尺寸精度达到了0.1um，成型精度已达到0.1i；浓度精度已达到0.1MPa。由于这些原因，原料加工机械设备设计理论将科学与技术相关联的领域有机的结合起来设计生产一中新概念材料加工设备是可能的。2对于新概念材料加工设备的期望功能（1）要有能力生产具有特殊物质的领域；能传送那些对于新概念材料加工在特定的物质环境下是非常必要的特殊能流。例如：在高温环境下能使那些高温波或者脉冲以超过104106K/s的速度冷却下来；将外表面的凝固、变形合成一体，然后在将超强接触面应力重新组合成新的分界面；融化的大金属薄片的湍流；随机的低频率磁场用于金属末加热的微波、用于大量凝固的超声波等等都已经被应用了。（2）有能力在临界状态下工作，因此高稳定性和理想性能的处理设备是在加强技术条件和室外操作的保证。例如：禁止在润滑