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两级减速箱体工艺工装设计,两级,减速,箱体,工艺,工装,设计

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机械94机械加工工序卡片产品型号零件图号产品名称减速器箱体零件名称减速器箱盖共2页第1页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号80钻削HT200毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数镗床Z3050ZZ01-011夹具编号夹具名称切削液专用钻夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件7.22 工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1钻10X12麻花钻67029.450.41412.480.512锪10X28扩孔钻33529.540.41411.80.423钻攻2XM12-7H丝攻M122659.990.52 设 计（日 期） 校 对（日期） 审 核（日期） 标准化（日期） 会 签（日期）标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期机械94机械加工工序卡片产品型号零件图号产品名称减速器箱体零件名称减速器箱体共2页第2页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号70镗削HT200毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数镗床T617ATZ01-021夹具编号夹具名称切削液专用镗夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件6.01工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1精镗15090镗刀265124.820.5121.790.542精镗9090镗刀420118.690.5121.220.623精镗9090镗刀420118.690.5121.220.62 设 计（日 期） 校 对（日期） 审 核（日期） 标准化（日期） 会 签（日期）标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期 无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺卡片 产品型号 零部件图号 BYSJ-01 共3 页 产品名称 减速器箱体零部件名称 减速器箱盖第 1 页 材 料 牌 号 HT200 毛 坯 种 类 铸件 毛坯外形尺寸 各毛坯件数 1 每台件数 1 备注 工序 装夹 工步 工序内容 同时加工 零件数 切削用量 设备名称及编号 工艺装备 名称及编号 技术 等级 工时 定额 背吃刀量mm 切削速度m/min 每分钟转数 进给量mm/r 刀 具 量 具 单件 准终 10锻造 20清除浇口、冒口、型砂、飞边、飞刺等 30人工时效处理40非加工面图防锈漆.50划分割面加工线。划mm两mm，三个联轴孔渡端面加工线。划上平面加工线（检查孔）6011以分割面为装夹基面，按线找正，夹紧工件，刨顶部斜面，保证尺寸3mm 1250次/min14401B665平面刨刀游标卡尺3.577.107021以已加工顶斜面做定位基准装夹工件（专用工装），刨分割面保证尺寸12mm。（注意周边尺寸均匀），留有磨削余量0.60.8mm1160次 /min144012.538031以分割面及外形定位，钻10X14mm孔，11428.76700.4Z305014麻花钻塞规2.485.772钻10X28mm孔，11428.73350.428扩孔钻1.803钻攻2XM12-7H1129.82650.19M12机动丝锥 1.499041以分割面定位，钻攻顶斜面上6XM6-7H螺纹1109.83350.15M6机动丝锥 0.970.9710051以顶斜面及一侧面定位，装夹工件，磨分割面至图样尺寸12mm10.020.515001M7132平行砂轮5.325.321101检查各部分尺寸及精度 编制 （日期） 审核 （日期） 标准化（日期） 会签 （日期） 标记 处数 更改文件号 签字 日期 标记 处数 更改文件号 签字 日期 无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺卡片 产品型号 零部件图号 BYSJ-02 共3 页 产品名称 减速器箱体零部件名称 减速器下箱体第 2页 材 料 牌 号 HT200 毛 坯 种 类 铸件 毛坯外形尺寸 各毛坯件数 1 每台件数 1 备注 工序 装夹 工步 工序内容 同时加工 零件数 切削用量 设备名称及编号 工艺装备 名称及编号 技术 等级 工时 定额 背吃刀量mm 切削速度m/min 每分钟转数 进给量mm/r 刀 具 量 具 单件 准终 10锻造 20清除浇口、冒口、型砂、飞边、飞刺等 30人工时效处理40非加工面图防锈漆50划分割面加工线。划三个轴承孔端面加工线，底面线，照顾壁厚均匀6011以底面定位，按线找正，装夹工件，刨分割面留磨量0.50.8mm（注意尺寸12mm和62mm）1250次/min14401B665平面刨刀水平仪6.436.437021以分割面定位装夹工件刨底面，保证高度尺寸工艺尺寸）1160次/min144014.324.328011钻底面钻底面4X17mm孔，11728.295300.4Z305017麻花钻塞规2.497.362其中两个铰至17.5mm（工艺用）， 10.59.341701.217.5mm扩孔钻3.963锪4X35mm，深1mm11829.102650.435mm锪孔钻0.919011钻10X14mm孔，11428.76700.414麻花钻7.3913.152锪10X28mm，深1mm11428.73350.428扩孔钻5.7610012钻12mm测油孔，20mm，深2mm 111.528.295300.411.5麻花钻1.892.6721铰12mm测油孔，20mm，深2mm10.59.341701.212扩孔钻0.7811011钻两个mm孔117.528.295300.417.5mm麻花钻2.4510.462钻M16X1.5底孔，11622.341701.216麻花钻3.893攻M16X1.51112.362650.15M16机动丝锥2.454锪20mm，深2mm1209.82650.1320扩孔钻1.67120以底面定位，装夹工件，磨分割面，保证尺寸mm10.020.515001平行砂轮水平仪5.325.32130箱体底部用煤油做渗漏试验140检查各部尺寸及精度 编制 （日期） 审核 （日期） 标准化（日期） 会签 （日期） 标记 处数 更改文件号 签字 日期 标记 处数 更改文件号 签字 日期 无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺卡片 产品型号 零部件图号 BYSJ-01 共3 页 产品名称 减速器箱体零部件名称 减速器下箱体第 3页 材 料 牌 号 HT200 毛 坯 种 类 铸件 毛坯外形尺寸 各毛坯件数 1 每台件数 1 备注 工序 装夹 工步 工序内容 同时加工 零件数 切削用量 设备名称及编号 工艺装备 名称及编号 技术 等级 工时 定额 背吃刀量mm 切削速度m/min 每分钟转数 进给量mm/r 刀 具 量 具 单件 准终 10将箱盖、箱体对准合箱，用10个M12螺栓、螺母紧固 2011钻2X10mm19.528.76700.4Z30509.5麻花钻塞规1.23 2.01 2铰2X10mm，1：10锥度销孔，装入锥销10.528.73350.410扩孔钻0.7830将箱盖、箱体做标记，编号4021铣箱盖底面11.5105.52100.2X62W硬质合金套式面铣刀3.767.522铣下箱体顶面11.5105.52100.23.7650以合箱后的分割面为基准，划mm和2-mm三轴承孔加工线6031以底面定位，以加工过的端面找正，装夹工件，粗镗 mm轴承孔，留加工余量12116.962500.5T6890镗刀卡游标尺1.903.802mm轴承孔11117.374200.50.953mm轴承孔11117.374200.50.957041粗镗 mm轴承孔，留加工余量11124.822650.51.798.462粗镗mm轴承孔，留加工余量11118.694200.51.223粗镗mm轴承孔，留加工余量11118.694200.51.224镗156槽13129.812650.51.795镗96槽13126.604200.51.226镗96槽13126.604200.51.2280拆箱、清理飞边，毛刺90合箱，装锥销、紧固100检查各部尺寸及精度 编制 （日期） 审核 （日期） 标准化（日期） 会签 （日期） 标记 处数 更改文件号 签字 日期 标记 处数 更改文件号 签字 日期 无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号零（部）件图号共 3页产品名称零（部）件名称减速器箱体第 1页材料牌号45毛坯种类模锻件毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数/每台件数/备注工序号工序名称工序内容车间工段设备工艺装备工时准终单件10铸造锻造锻工20清砂清除浇口、冒口、型砂、飞边、飞刺等锻工30热处理人工时效处理热处理40涂漆非加工面图防锈漆金工50划线划分割面加工线。划mm两mm，三个联轴孔渡端面加工线。划上平面加工线（检查孔）金工60刨削以分割面为装夹基面，按线找正，夹紧工件，刨顶部斜面，保证尺寸3mm金工B665 BZ01-013.5770刨削以已加工顶斜面做定位基准装夹工件（专用工装），刨分割面保证尺寸12mm。（注意周边尺寸均匀），留有磨削余量0.60.8mm金工B665 BZ01-022.5380钻削以分割面及外形定位，钻10X14mm孔，10X28mm孔，钻攻2XM12-7H金工Z3050 ZZ01-015.7790钻削以分割面定位，钻攻顶斜面上6XM6-7H螺纹金工Z3050 ZZ01-020.97100磨削以顶斜面及一侧面定位，装夹工件，磨分割面至图样尺寸12mm金工M1732 MZ01-015.32110检验检查各部分尺寸及精度金工标记处数更改文件号日期编制（日期）会签（日期）审核（日期）无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号零（部）件图号共 3页产品名称零（部）件名称减速器箱体第 2页材料牌号45毛坯种类模锻件毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数/每台件数/备注工序号工序名称工序内容车间工段设备工艺装备工时准终单件10铸造锻造锻工20清砂清除浇口、冒口、型砂、飞边、飞刺等锻工30热处理人工时效处理热处理40涂漆非加工面图防锈漆金工50划线划分割面加工线。划三个轴承孔端面加工线，底面线，照顾壁厚均匀金工60刨削以底面定位，按线找正，装夹工件，刨分割面留磨量0.50.8mm（注意尺寸12mm和62mm）金工B665 BZ01-036.4370刨削以分割面定位装夹工件刨底面，保证高度尺寸工艺尺寸）金工B665 BZ01-044.3280钻削钻底面4X17mm孔，其中两个铰至17.5mm（工艺用），4X35mm，深1mm金工Z3050 ZZ01-037.3690钻削钻10X14mm孔，10X28mm，深1mm金工Z3050 ZZ01-0413.15100钻削钻、铰12mm测油孔，20mm，深2mm金工Z3050ZZ01-052.67110钻削以两个mm孔及底面定位，装夹工件，钻M16X1.5底孔，攻M16X1.5，锪20mm，深2mm金工Z3050ZZ01-0610.6120磨削以底面定位，装夹工件，磨分割面，保证尺寸mm金工M1732MZ01-025.32130钳箱体底部用煤油做渗漏试验金工140检验检查各部尺寸及精度金工标记处数更改文件号日期编制（日期）会签（日期）审核（日期）无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号零（部）件图号共 3页产品名称零（部）件名称减速器箱体第 3页材料牌号45毛坯种类模锻件毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数/每台件数/备注工序号工序名称工序内容车间工段设备工艺装备工时准终单件10钳将箱盖、箱体对准合箱，用10个M12螺栓、螺母紧固金工20钻钻、铰2X10mm，1：10锥度销孔，装入锥销金工Z3050ZZ01-072.012.0130钳将箱盖、箱体做标记，编号金工40铣以底面定位，按底面一起找正，装夹工件，兼顾其他三面的加工尺寸，铣两端面，保证尺寸mm金工X63X63XZ01-017.5250划线以合箱后的分割面为基准，划mm和2-mm三轴承孔加工线金工60镗以底面定位，以加工过的端面找正，装夹工件，粗镗mm和2Xmm三轴承孔，留加工余量11.2mm。保证中心距1500.105mm和1000.09mm，保证分割面与轴承孔的位置度公差0.3mm金工T68T68TZ01-013.8070镗定位夹紧同工序6，按分割面精确对刀（保分割面与轴承孔的位置度公差0.3mm），精度三轴承孔至图样尺寸。保证中心距1500.015mm和 1000.09mm精镗6处宽5mm，深3mm，距端面7mm环槽金工T68T68TZ01-028.4680钳拆箱、清理飞边，毛刺金工90钳合箱，装锥销、紧固金工100检查检查各部尺寸及精度金工110入库入库金工标记处数更改文件号日期编制（日期）会签（日期）审核（日期）编编 号号无锡太湖学院毕毕业业设设计计（论论文文）题目：题目： 两级减速箱体工艺工装设计两级减速箱体工艺工装设计 信信机机 系系 机机电电一一体体化化 专专 业业学 号： 0923196 学生姓名： 季 双 宇 指导教师： 韩邦华 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013 年 5 月 25 日无锡太湖学院本科毕业设计（论文）无锡太湖学院本科毕业设计（论文） 诚诚 信信 承承 诺诺 书书本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计（论文） 两级减速箱体工艺工装设计 是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果，其内容除了在毕业设计（论文）中特别加以标注引用，表示致谢的内容外，本毕业设计（论文）不包含任何其他个人、集体已发表或撰写的成果作品。 班 级： 机械 94 学 号： 0923196 作者姓名： 2013 年 5 月 25 日I无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院信信 机机系系 机机电电一一体体化化 专专业业毕毕 业业 设设 计计论论 文文 任任 务务 书书一、题目及专题：一、题目及专题： 1、题目 两级减速箱体工艺工装设计 2、专题 二、课题来源及选题依据二、课题来源及选题依据 减速器是机械产品中机械传动的重要组成部分，应用范围涉及国民经济的 各个领域，是品种多、量大面广的通用部件之一。而我国减速器行业在高精度、高柔性、高度自动化方面还落后于国外，尤其在加工工艺方面。世界上制造技术强国都是非常重视工艺的先进性，工艺的稳定性，工艺的规范性，这将是突破制造技术发展的关键。 考虑到机械加工工艺设计和工装设计在减速器箱体的生产中直接影响到其加工质量和生产效率等，对减速器制造水平的提升有着十分重要的意义，是以选择了本课题。 三、本设计应达到的要求：三、本设计应达到的要求： 查阅相关的资料完成开题报告，外文资料的翻译； II 分析图纸，对原图进行工艺性审查，修改不合理设计； 查阅相关资料，确定加工方案，选择机床刀具，分析计算切削用量等加工参数，完成机械加工工艺说明书； 根据说明书计算所得方法和数据，填写机械加工工艺规程卡片、机械加工工艺卡片、机械加工工序卡片，并绘制对应的工序简图； 对镗孔工序进行自由度分析，选择合理的定位基准和定位元件。确定装夹方案，计算夹紧力和定位误差，完成说明书； 根据说明书，确定镗孔夹具体的几何形状和尺寸精度，绘制夹具草图再利用 AutoCad 软件完成镗孔夹具的工序装配图和零件图。 四、接受任务学生：四、接受任务学生： 机械 94 班班 姓名姓名 季双宇 五、开始及完成日期：五、开始及完成日期：自自 2012 年年 11 月月 12 日日 至至 2013 年年 5 月月 25 日日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师指导教师签名签名 签名签名 签名签名教教研研室室主主任任学科组组长研究所学科组组长研究所III所长所长签名签名 系主任系主任 签名签名2013 年年 5 月月 25 日日IV摘要摘要这次毕业设计我设计的课题是两级减速箱体工艺工装设计。该箱体零件结构复杂，体积小。为了提高生产效率，降低劳动强度，精镗镗轴轴承孔的组合和专用夹具设计。本设计说明书可分为三部分：第一部分为机械加工工艺规程的编制，简要的分析了零件作用及其工艺情况对毛坯的制造、加工基准进行选择并制定工艺路线，确定机械加工余量，工序尺寸及切削用量等。第二部分为组合镗床设计。设计的机床是单位组合机床进行单面加工。从工件的定位和夹紧可靠的方式，以确保准确性，选择卧式镗双面非刚性轴组合。并绘制了加工工序图，加工示意图和卧式单面组合镗床的尺寸联系图。第三部分为专用夹具设计。夹具设计是本次设计的主要内容之一。我们需要对夹具进行误差分析，也要计算出夹紧力，确保可以加工。关键词：关键词：箱体、加工工艺、夹具 本人毕业（论文）设计题目VAbstractThe Part of the process, in machining plays a very important part of the process, prepare to reasonable or unreasonable, it directly relates to the quality requirements could eventually parts, The design of fixture is big, it is the indispensable part in relation to improve the efficiency of the machining. So both in mechanical processing industry is crucial link. The graduation design, the topic is I design process and fixture enclosure reducer design. This case is complex, volume parts structure. In order to improve production efficiency and reduce labor intensity, I design a drill fixture. The design manual is divided into three parts:The first part is divided into the machining process of the specified procedures, including process, contents and procedure, mechanical manufacturing process planning of the type and the procedure formats, introduced the principle and procedure. The choice of the locating datum, the process route in the selection of surface machining method, the method of processing, sequence arrangement has been introduced in detail.The second part mainly introduces the process of parts processing, I choose the design is mainly for determination of casting billet, The timeliness, The preparation process route and the process of writing (card), whole process card technology in processing after inspection. In the process of calculation, and fixture design of mechanical concise manual of gb through alignment. Under the limitation in the economic guarantee processing request.Key words: box, processing technology, process,fixture本人毕业（论文）设计题目VI目目 录录摘要 .IIIABSTRACT .IV目 录.V1 绪论 .11.1 本课题的研究内容和意义 .11.2 国内外的发展概况 .11.3 本课题应达到的要求.32 设计产品和零件的介绍 .52.1 产品介绍： .52.2 零件介绍:.52.2.1 零件功用： .52.2.2 结构特点： .62.2.3 零件装配： .63 模型的建立 .73.1 模型的建立： .74 减速器箱体的工艺分析 .94.1 零件的工艺分析 .95 零件工艺规程设计 .105.1 确定毛坯的制造形式 .105.1.1 毛坯选择 .105.1.2 铸件加工余量 .105.2 定位基准的选择 .105.2.1 粗基准选择 .105.2.2 精基准选择 .115.3 加工顺序的安排 .115.3.1 选择箱盖的加工工艺 .11本人毕业（论文）设计题目VII5.3.2 选择下箱体的加工工艺 .125.3.3 选择减速器箱的加工工艺 .125.4 机械加工余量、工序尺寸和毛坯尺寸的确定 .135.5 工时计算 .155.5.1 箱盖加工部分工时 .155.5.2 下箱体加工部分工时 .175.5.3 减速器箱 .196 专用夹具设计 .246.1 问题的提出 .246.2 定位基准的选择 .246.3 定位元件的设计 .246.4 切削力及夹紧力计算 .256.5 定位误差分析 .266.6 夹具的精度要求 .286.7 夹具使用注意事项、保养及维护 .297 结论与展望 .307.1 结论 .307.2 不足之处及未来展望 .307.2.1 不足之处 .307.2.2 未来展望 .31致谢 .32参考文献 .33文档包括:说明书一份。42页。16600字左右。任务书一份。开题报告一份。计划周记进度检查表一份。工序卡一套。工艺卡一套。图纸共9张，如下所示A1-减速器下箱体.dwgA1-减速器下箱体毛胚图.dwgA1-减速器箱盖.dwgA1-夹具体.dwgA1-夹具装配图.dwgA1-铣底面夹具.dwgA2-减速器箱盖毛胚图.dwgA4-支架.dwgA4-铰链夹板.dwg编号 无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文） 相关资料题目： 两级减速箱体工艺工装设计 信机 系 机电一体化 专业学 号： 0923196 学生姓名： 季双宇 指导教师： 韩邦华（职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 两级减速箱体工艺工装设计 信机 系 机电一体化 专业学 号： 0923196 学生姓名： 季双宇 指导教师： 韩邦华（职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2012年11月23日 课题来源自拟题目科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义我们这次毕业设计的课题是二级减速箱体工艺工装设计，其生产纲领是10000件/年，即大批大量生产，则将涉及大批量加工的工艺规程设计、生产线设计、各类型组合机床设计、随行夹具和专用夹具设计等，与机械设计制造及其自动化有比较全面的相关的知识体系。机械制造工艺与夹具是机械制造业的基础，是生产高科技产品的保障。离开了它，就不能开发制造出先进的产品和保证产品质量，不能提高生产率，降低成本和缩短生产周期。加之通过毕业设计实习调研，完成该课题可对我们大学四年期间所学的知识进行一次较为全面的专业训练，可以培养我们掌握如何运用过去所学的知识去解决生产中实际问题的方法，增强从事本专业实际工作所必需的基本能力和开发研究能力，为我们以后走上工作岗位打下一个良好的基础。（2）研究现状机床夹具是机床上所使用的一种辅助设备，将工件定位和夹紧，以完成加工所需的相对运动，提高加工精度、减少废品，降低对工人的技术要求。随着机械工业的迅速发展，对产品的品种和生产率提出了愈来愈高的要求，使多品种，中小批生产作为机械主流，为了适应机械生产的这种发展趋势，必然对机床夹具提出更高的要求。目前对夹具的研究主要集中在以下几个方面：标准化、精密化、高效化、柔性化。希望夹具设计能够操作方便、可以降低生产成本，适应不同零件的需要。在机床技术向高速、高效、精密、复合、环保、方向发展、的带动下，夹具技术正朝着高效高精模块组合通用经济方向发展。现代机床夹具的发展方向主要表现为标准化、精密化、高效化和柔性化等四个方面。研究内容 该零件为大批大量生产，通过查阅相关的资料，对自己的专题设计了所需专用夹具，为了提高生产效率，其夹紧装置均采用气动夹紧 。这毕业设计期间，主要完成零件图的绘制以及工艺路线的制定，工序卡片的编制、夹具的设计。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析 采用组织分析零件的具体结构，加工精度要求，表面粗糙度要求，制造出初步的加工方案。然后组织学生下厂参观，实习，实地了解工厂现有的生产条件，发展展望及具体的生产水平。在此基础上编制工艺规程，填写工艺文件，设计专用夹具。待初步完成后再回工厂征集意见，加以改进，定稿。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2012年12月3日-2013年3月5日：填写毕业实习报告。2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：工艺规程设计、工序卡和工艺卡。2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：夹具设计、装配图和说明书。2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果：工艺规程：工艺卡片，工序卡片，夹具总图及主要零件图，设计说明书特色或创新之处 使用MATLAB编程仿真，效果明显，方便改变参量，能够直观判断实验结果。 采用固定某些参量、改变某些参量来研究问题的方法，思路清晰，简洁明了，行之有效。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 （1）具备条件：现有网络样图，加工工厂的现有生产条件及技术状况，特别是已有的生产经验。 （2）需解决的问题：目前缺少设计手册、资料等，对检测条件也不够清楚其它资料也缺乏。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Chinas machinery manufacturing management information of the characteristics and development trends 1. Preface The manufacturing sector, especially machinery manufacturing industry is a pillar industry of national economy, the modern manufacturing industry is changing peoples modes of production, lifestyle, mode of operation and management as well as the organizational structure of society and culture. Chinas huge market potential and rich labor resources, the worlds manufacturing industry has shifted to China, China is becoming a world manufacturing power. Chinas household electrical appliances, such as in the production of a number of products has been ranking first in the world. However, in their own intellectual property rights of innovative design, advanced manufacturing technology and equipment and modern management, there are still a big gap, so we do not create power. This article will machinery manufacturing enterprises in the current management problems, how to use information technology to improve management, management information of the characteristics and trends of technology development for a number of studies for the development of machinery manufacturing enterprises program reference information. 2. Machinery manufacturing enterprises in the current management problems Chinas machinery manufacturing industry through decades of effort have been of considerable size, the accumulation of a large number of skills and experience. However, with the formation of world economic integration, since Chinas huge market potential and rich labor resources, foreign technology, capital, large influx of Chinese products, Chinese enterprises are facing an unprecedented situation of fierce competition at home and abroad. Competitive products require replacement fast, high quality, low price, prompt delivery and good services. Competition in these markets weapons with the model of corporate governance, management methods, management tools, organizational structure, business processes are closely related. However, the Chinese enterprises and peoples ideology 30-40 years due to the impact of the planned economy, the competitiveness of the existence of weapons with a big gap compared with developed countries. (1) control the mode of production planning behind The implementation of ERP has not been the machinery manufacturing enterprises is almost 100% use of sets of programs. That is the longest production cycle of products form the basis of product as a variety of materials and production lead time procurement lead time. Exaggerated is the lead-time inventory and reserve products high liquidity of the root causes of the use of the Great. Production planning and procurement plans in line, sets the level of bad parts can not be delivered on time. Or to protect its delivery of high reserves. Modern management methods from MRP MRP, JIT JIT, supplier of pipe Treasury VMI, a far cry from the synchronization of production. (2) Enterprise poor response Todays market is constantly changing, the demand for diversification. Order assembly MTO, in accordance with orders for manufacture of MTO, in accordance with orders for the design of MTD, Mass Customization MC. Variety of different specifications, production, procurement is very complex. From the customer - Sales - Design - Production - Purchasing - Financial - costs, the need for a complete supply chain management, in order to quickly respond to dynamic customer demand, to adapt to the ever-changing market and customer customization requirements. (3) inaccurate cost, poor cost control Artificial cost accounting in general only the cost of computing products, the cost of parts and components can not be calculated. Very rough cost-sharing, the cost of data collection is a large number of artificialand poor accuracy of the data, making cost inaccurate. Generally do not carry out the standard cost calculation, cost analysis rarely conducted, so poor cost control. (4) information dispersed, not timely, inaccurate, not share Manufacturing production, supply, marketing, human, financial, and material is an organic whole, and between them there is a large amount of information exchange. Decentralized management of information, however artificial, based on the lack of a complete data, information dispersion, not timely, inaccurate, not share, significantly affect the scientific nature of management decision-making. (5)-style bureaucratic organizations rather than the flat-oriented business processes of organizations, the general business processes unreasonable, business process management and control of non-standard, arbitrary. (6) lack of standardization, standardization, institutionalization, programmable management, management strengths and weaknesses vary from person to person. Despite the adoption of ISO9000 procedures to develop a series of documents, the effect of the implementation of enterprises and managers may vary. (7) management tools behind, the majority of enterprises still in the computer manual or decentralized management of individual management stage. Some enterprises have set up computer networks, the whole plant, but the application is still fragmented, there is no information-sharing and the optimal distribution of resources. (8) modern management ideas, new methods, and poor application of new technologies. For example: Agile Manufacturing AM, virtual manufacturing VM, JIT JIT, Customer Relationship Management CRM, supply chain management SCM, Business Intelligence BI, e-business EC, such as enterprise resource planning ERP. 3. Use information technology to improve the level of mechanical system management At present, the above-mentioned problems in the management of seriously affecting the level of corporate governance, management efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. The use of modern management thinking, methods and computer network communication technology, machinery manufacturing enterprises to achieve the management of innovation, system innovation and technological innovation is facing urgent tasks in front of each enterprise. Therefore, the establishment of linked computer networks, both within and outside plant communication systems, select advanced, mature and suitable for the needs of enterprise management enterprise resource planning ERP, customer relationship management CRM, supply chain management SCM, Business Intelligence BI, e-commerce software systems, such as EC, through the Management Advisory and business process reengineering, and optimize the design of the organization, management, business process, application of these software systems, enterprise information management. Enterprise management in order to overcome the current problems in and improve the level of corporate governance, management efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises, is the face of a knowledge-based economy and global economic integration make the inevitable choice. System aims to: (1) into a company-wide computer network management information system. The system enables enterprises to achieve the production and operation of logistics, capital flow, information flow and work flow of the high degree of unity with the parallel operation, and Intranet, Internet enterprises inside and outside the full exchange of information and business links with the outside world, to form an effective agile supply chain system. (2) the use of advanced production planning and control methods. To break the sets of programs, according to a variety of materials procurement and production lead-time preparation of lead-time MRP. The establishment of an effective and flexible by the master production plan, material requirements planning and job shop scheme composed of three planned production planning management system, reduce the maximum production cycle, procurement cycle, on-time delivery, rapid response to customer demand to maximize the reduction of inventory and costs, improve service levels. Qualified enterprises to implement JIT JIT, supplier of pipe Treasury VMI, synchronous production of advanced management methods. (3) to achieve company-wide basis of data (such as material data, product structure data, product design, process data, capacity data, etc.) to generate a unified, uniform maintenance and management for authorized use of the relevant departments, the number of truly a, data sharing, to avoid redundancy. Through the ERP system to further rationalize the development and implementation of management procedures to ensure the management of institutionalized, standardized and scientific. (4) for the current information in the management division of the situation and establish a customer-centric dynamic information feedback and control system, for each task from the contract, design, production, procurement, cost accounting into the whole process of product shipments Dynamic tracking, so that each task is effectively under control. (5) to strengthen and improve financial management and cost accounting functions. The real cost to build two systems, the use of advanced cost accounting methods, a more accurate accounting of costs and cost components for sales quotes and provide a reliable basis for financial accounting. Conduct a cost analysis to identify the factors that reduce costs and effectively reduce costs. (6) the use of computers to enhance the quality of the statistical analysis of data. Take full advantage of the quality of test data, using a variety of analytical methods, to conduct in-depth statistics and analysis. Effectively monitor and improve the quality level. (7) through computer-based enterprise information management, will be the majority of managers from the tedious manual labor, so that they will have the opportunity to learn management theory and management skills, from the nature of enterprise management personnel to improve the management level. 4. Chinas machinery manufacturing management features Machinery manufacturing and the management of other manufacturing industries have common personality; machinery manufacturing industry with the production type, production volume, production organization of its management practices in different ways there are differences; Chinas manufacturing sector compared with the developed countries, due to corporate culture, law, different system has its particularities. On these characteristics the following topics: (1) machinery manufacturing industry is a typical discrete manufacturing industry, its management software based on the production type, production volume, production organization are different, require different solutions. The chart lists the type of division of production: Characteristics of these types of manufacturers: Discrete Manufacturing - different materials through the movement of non-continuous, through different paths, the production of different materials and products. Such as motor vehicles, machine tools, aircraft, computers, home electrical appliances. Process Industry - materials through mixing, separating, forming, or chemical reaction, mostly for materials through the same path, to produce valuable products. It consists of continuous production, manufacturing production and mixed types. Required in the management of prescription management, by-products, the products, a variety of units of measurement, a number of quality and grade of the same items, batch number tracking, shelf-life characteristics, the general process industry with professional software. Single production - the design of products to order, according to the production of customer demand, product is very complex. Products are generally long production cycle. Sometimes a contract for delivery in accordance with many parts. Such as the three major power plants (major motor, steam turbine, boiler) heavy machinery, shipbuilding and so on. Organization of production divided by the technology, equipment is common. Production management, in addition to the application of multi-variety small-production the whole way, the need to increase the network plan (project management), the key to sort resources. CRM is not important on here. Variety of small batch production - products are standard or optional. Demand can be forecast, or order the production, assembly to order. Production process in accordance with the characteristics of organizations at the workshop, section, team, such as casting, forging, riveting, welding, cars, milling, planing, grinding, assembly and so on. The characteristics of production planning MRPII is a typical configuration control increases. They also need CRM, SCM and so on. Mass production - is a standard or a small number of products matching. Depends mainly on the demand forecast, and also to consider orders. Production equipment is based on materials (parts, components) to form a target assembly article. Production plan is characterized by the traditional mixed MRPII and JIT manufacturing, medium and long-term plans and materials used in production of spare parts requirements planning MRP, the Plan of Implementation adopted JIT, Kanban (Electronic Kanban), recoil inventory tracking barcode program materials. CRM, e-commerce is important. Mass Customization - will be more varieties of small batch production to meet the individual needs of different clients and high-volume production to increase productivity, reduce costs of combining the advantages. Organization of production lines is still, but a variety of product configuration. Production planning control in that it requires a combination of MRP, JIT, integrated applications, such as configuration control. Is a mixture of the first two manufacturing model. Therefore, different types of enterprises, the choice of ERP software in accordance with the management of these different characteristics to find the software to meet business needs. You are an annual production capacity of 100,000 vehicle manufacturing plant, software, and I did not see inappropriate JIT. You are a heavy machinery plant, he does not project management products, the main pieces of the quality of follow-up clearance, I do not trip. In addition, the different focus of corporate governance are not the same, some very complex enterprise sales, but the production simple. Procurement and manufacture some very complex, but only a few one-year contracts, sales management is not important. Therefore, dialectical treatment must prescribe the right remedy. (2) as a result of the East-West cultural differences, making the West we must re-examine the ERP system application in China. The West to law as the focus of the management model, the ERP system is based on Western law-oriented corporate culture, government policy decrees, regulations, taxation policy, the design and development; compare re-schedule, re-plan in order to ensure targeted delivery to the time the main line program, based on a standardized, stressing at the right time to correct the correct amount of materials sent to the right place. Software functions and the logic of the host country in line with the policy of the Government Act, regulations, tax policy. It is strictly abide by contracts, re-plan of discipline. It should be said, ERP can solve the developed countries of the integrated manufacturing enterprise management. Orient to feeling for the characteristics of the management philosophy of management as a result of this emphasis on the role and value of the realization of the system while ignoring the effect of management and regulations in order to demonstrate the relationship between the personnel in the emphasis on the spirit of the performance of a fully rational, and in the emphasis on task and rules, the spirit of the performance is not fully rational. Therefore, the lack of strict laws and regulations, too many personal connections and rational spirit of inadequate management of Chinas shortcomings and inadequacies. Its performance management is more to consider the consequences. The so-called masters the spirit is denied by administrators or managers, their actions are focused on values, they re-commitment, light contract; re-scheduling, light plan; heavy emotion, light system; randomness, and poor punctuality . So the West ERP application in China must pay attention to the values of human management. Therefore, the establishment of a combination of, a comprehensive enterprise performance management is essential. (3) ERP of the modern manufacturing management tool, it has its social attributes and two aspects of the natural attributes. In terms of its natural attributes, there is not much difference between Chinese and foreign enterprises. They all seek to maximize the production of shorter cycles, lower costs, reduce inventory, on-time delivery, rapid response to customer needs. So the general principle of ERP is the foreign application. However, in terms of their social attributes, corporate governance policies by the state laws, regulations, tax policy, the market environment. ERP must therefore consider the conditions of. For example, ERP financial software, it must be in line with Chinas accounting standards promulgated by the Ministry of Finance and Accounting requirements. At this stage, but also dealing with the ; barter grinding off to deal with; in the cost price of a gradual plan to retain access to different methods of assessments; both accounts receivable finance, but also record sales of receivables account; double fixed, such as working hours. (4) the management of Chinas machinery manufacturing industry is the most complex. Machinery manufacturing industry as a result of materials of different specifications, and production is not continuous, complex manufacturing process, so the management of the manufacturing machinery manufacturing complex than others. In addition, Chinas machinery manufacturing industry compared with foreign developed countries is still, small and complete model of production organization, specialization is not as fine as abroad, the internal management of Chinese enterprises abroad relatively complex, so the machine manufacturing industry in China management is the most complex. 5. Armed firearms manufacturing management trends in the development of information technology With the global economy to speed up the integration process, new management models and management methods are emerging, computer and high-speed network communications technology development, especially in Internet penetration into every corner of the world. Machinery manufacturing enterprises as an important management tool for information - Enterprise Resource Planning ERP system, is undergoing profound change and development. We are thinking of the following from the management, system performance and software development platform on three aspects of its development trend. (1) the development of management thinking 1. In support of network systems, the new ERP system will bring the world into a realm: consumers or customers via the Internet electronic shopping malls in the understanding of product performance, price, through e-commerce orders issued to the manufacturer; producers through ERP system, procurement and materials down manufacturing instructions, complete material procurement through electronic commerce, payment activities; After manufacturing, the final product on time will be sent to users, in-line to complete the transaction and settlement. It enables suppliers, producers, distributors, customers, tightly integrated through the supply chain, uninterrupted flow of materials, to reduce inventory, minimize operating costs, rapid response to customer demand, improve the market competitiveness of enterprises and economic benefits. Therefore, supply chain management SCM, e-commerce will be essential for EC. 2. As a result of intensified market competition, manufacturers from the past to product-centric to a customer-centric business strategy. CRM customer relationship management for enterprise customers with a full range of perspectives, to give companies a better ability to communicate with our customers is a customer to maximize the yield of the method. It is fully aware of the special needs of customers, based on a one-on-one personalized service to enhance customer satisfaction and corporate loyalty, so that enterprises gain a competitive edge. Its purpose is to establish a system to enable enterprises in the customer service, market competition, sales and support each other to coordinate the formation of a new relationship. CRM is a technology, it is a new type of management philosophy and mechanisms. 3. To support agile manufacturing and virtual manufacturing. Agile manufacturing enterprise is to make excellent adaptive capacity, in the changing environment of competition to occupy the leading position in the overall strategy. In the area of the operation and management of the technical means to achieve include: in-time manufacturing JIT, sophisticated production LP, Concurrent Engineering CE, Business Process Reengineering BPR, such as virtual manufacturing VM. Through rapid modeling tools and reference model library to speed up the process of BPR. Based on browser / services architecture and software component technology, through the standard Virtual Private Network VPN technology, can build a virtual manufacturing environment to support virtual enterprises and the management of the demand for virtual manufacturing. 4. Enterprise Performance Management EPM (Enterprise Performance Management). EPM in accordance with corporate strategic goals and business objectives, setting goals in various sectors, and will be divided into layers of these objectives the goal of every employee, through the acquisition of its ERP system implementation and the allocation of targets to determine staff rewards and incentives. And the whole company, departments and staff to analyze the performance. EPM, including planning, management and analysis of the entire process. To establish and improve the incentive mechanism to promote the achievement of corporate goals and improve business performance. 5.ERP to go the path of specialization. In view of different sectors in the management of the details there is a big difference in the need for the characteristics of different industries, the operation of the mechanism, set up the appropriate business processes, organizational structure of the corresponding structures and the design of the software architecture to be realized. Can not be expected to use a generic solution applicable to all industries, particularly in relation to production, sales, procurement and cost details of this business, it is important to have a focus on the program of an industry can effectively address the different applications of information technology issues . In addition specialized ERP software product development cycle of their short, fast upgrading of the implementation of easy and low cost. (2) system performance requirements 1. In order to adapt to the changing organizational structure and business processes, ERP systems need to develop business process management (Business Process Management) and workflow management to support business process reengineering and enterprise dynamic modeling. For the different needs of enterprises, can be cut to achieve functional, the system can be configured, reconfigurable processes, process management. 2. In order to make the majority of suppliers, customers, partners, the majority of employees access to applications, ERP systems to provide internal and external integration and flexibility. Internal ERP system with CIMS, OA, three-dimensional warehouse, bar code, data mining, such as tightly integrated system. External with suppliers, customers, partners, heterogeneous system integration, the full realization of information sharing; support the mobile office and wireless access. 3. To support the Group business. Support multi-company, multi-organizational and cross-boundary commercial mode of operation. (3) the requirements of software development platform In order to achieve the above-mentioned management functions and system performance requirements, ERP software development platform must be used the following techniques: 1. Based on browser / server multi-tier architecture. In order to enable users in any place at any time operation of data become possible, greatly expand the scope of customers, will be extended to customers throughout the Internet network, the use of J2EE or. NET development platform, to achieve the clients browser layer, Web layer, Business Logic Tier and database of multi-layer architecture is very necessary. In order to achieve interoperability between the modules, interoperability, management structures and cross-components of the deployment and management of the environment will require the support of middleware. 2. To make a good ERP system portability, integration, interoperability, industry standards must be consistent with the development of language, development tools, communication protocols and database systems. Application software so that truly independent of the operating system (NT, UNIX, Linux), independent of the database (ORACLE, SQL SERVER, Sybase, DB2) naturally independent of the hardware platform. 3. The realization of the system can be configured, reconfigurable processes, software development software component technology to be used. 4. In support of distributed applications. A new generation of management software system is a very large scale, and it can be cut into small and medium-sized applications. It will no longer be concentrated in the same local area network server systems, so support for distributed applications and distributed database management software in the future of a feature. To sum up, machinery manufacturing enterprises is to manage a very complex enterprise, at present, there are many management problems, is not conducive to the fierce market competition environment. The use of information technology management and innovation, system innovation and technological innovation, raise the level of management is indisputable. The article described the machinery manufacturing enterprises of the characteristics of management information, from management thinking, ERP system performance requirements and software development platform to talk about three aspects of technology trends. ERP software provider for the development of software and machinery manufacturing enterprises to develop information-based programs refer to.中文译文 我国机械制造业管理信息化特点及发展趋势1前言 制造业特别是机械制造业是国民经济的支柱产业，现代制造业正在改变着人们的生产方式、生活方式、经营管理模式乃至社会的组织结构和文化。由于中国潜在的巨大市场和丰富的劳动力资源，世界的制造业正在向中国转移，中国正在成为世界的制造大国。我国在家电等若干产品的产量已居世界第一位。但是在自主知识产权的创新设计、先进制造工艺和装备及现代化管理等方面仍然存在很大差距，所以我们还不是制造强国。本文仅就机械制造企业目前管理中存在的问题、如何利用信息技术提高管理水平、管理信息化的特点和技术发展趋势作一些研究，供机械制造企业制定信息化方案时参考。 2机械制造企业目前管理中存在问题 中国机械制造业经过几十年的努力已经具有相当的规模，积累了大量的技术和经验。但是随着世界经济一体化的形成，由于中国潜在的巨大市场和丰富的劳动力资源，国外的技术、资金、产品大量涌入中国，中国企业面临前所未有的国内外激烈的竞争局面。竞争要求企业产品更新换代快、产品质量高、价格低、交货及时、服务好。这些市场竞争的武器与企业管理的模式、管理方法、管理手段、组织结构、业务流程密切相关。然而中国企业及人们的思想意识由于受到30-40年计划经济的影响，上述竞争武器与发达国家相比存在很大差距。 （1）生产计划控制的模式落后 尚未实施ERP的机械制造企业几乎100%采用台套计划的方式。即以产品最长生产周期作为构成产品各种物料的采购提前期和生产提前期。过分夸大的提前期是造成库存和在制品储备高，流动资金占用大的根本原因。生产计划与采购计划脱节，零件成套水平差，不能准时交货。或者用高储备来保交货期。距离现代管理方法物料需求计划MRP、准时生产JIT、供应商管库房VMI、同步生产相差甚远。 （2）企业应变能力差 今天的市场瞬息万变，需求多样化。按订单装配MTO，按订单制造MTO，按订单设计MTD，大规模定制MC。品种规格繁多，生产、采购异常复杂。从客户销售设计生产采购财务成本，需要一个完整的供应链管理，才能动态快速地响应客户需求，适应千变万化市场和客户定制化的 要求。 （3）成本计算不准确，成本控制差 人工成本核算一般只能计算产品成本，无法计算零部件成本。成本费用分摊很粗，大量成本数据采集是人工归集的，数据准确性很差，使得成本计算不准确。一般不进行标准成本的计算，也很少进行成本分析，因此成本控制差。 （4）信息分散、不及时、不准确、不共享 制造业产、供、销、人、财、物是一个有机的整体，他们之间存在大量信息交换。然而人工管理信息分散、缺乏完善的基础数据，信息分散、不及时、不准确、不共享、大大影响管理决策的科学性。 （5）科层式的组织机构而不是面向业务流程的扁平化的组织，一般业务流程不合理，业务流程的管理和控制不规范，随意性大。 （6）缺乏标准化、规范化、制度化、程式化的管理，管理的优劣因人而异。尽管通过ISO9000制定了一系列的程序文件，执行的效果可因企业和管理者而异。 （7）管理工具落后，大部分企业仍处于手工分散管理或微机单项管理的阶段。有的企业也建立了全厂的计算机网络，但应用仍是分散的，没有实现信息的共享和资源的优化配置。 （8）现代化管理的新思想、新方法、新技术的应用差。例如：敏捷制造AM、虚拟制造VM、准时生产JIT、客户关系管理CRM、供应链管理SCM、商业智能BI、电子商务EC、企业资源计划ERP等。 3用信息技术提高机械制业管理水平 上述目前管理中存在的问题严重地影响着企业管理水平、管理效率和企业的竞争能力。采用现代化的管理思想、方法和计算机网络通信技术，实现机械制造企业的管理创新、制度创新和技术创新是摆在每个企业面前刻不容缓任务。所以建立联接厂内外的计算机网络通信系统，选择先进、成熟、适合企业管理需求的企业资源计划ERP、客户关系管理CRM、供应链管理SCM、商业智能BI、电子商务EC等软件系统，通过管理咨询和业务流程重组，优化设计企业的组织机构、管理模式、业务流程，应用上述软件系统，实现企业管理的信息化。以克服目前企业管理中存在的问题，提高企业管理水平、管理效率和企业的竞争能力，是企业面对知识经济和全球经济一体化做出的必然选择。系统建设的目标是： （1）建成一个覆盖全公司的计算机网络化的管理信息系统。该系统使企业的生产经营实现物流、资金流、信息流和工作流的高度统一与并行运作，并通过Intranet、Internet实现企业内、外部充分的信息交流及企业与外界的联系，形成有效的敏捷供需链系统。 （2）采用先进的生产计划控制方法。打破台套计划的方式，按各种物料的采购提前期和生产提前期编制物料需求计划。建立一个有效、灵活的由主生产计划、物料需求计划和车间作业计划的三级计划所组成的生产计划管理体系，最大限度的缩短产品生产周期、采购周期、准时交货，快速响应客户需求，最大限度的降低库存和成本，提高售后服务水平。有条件的企业推行准时生产JIT、供应商管库房VMI、同步生产等先进管理方法。 （3）实现全公司基础数据（如物料数据、产品结构数据、产品设计工艺数据、生产能力数据等）统一生成、统一维护和统一管理，供经授权的各相关部门使用，真正做到数出一家、数据共享，避免冗余。通过ERP系统的建立和实施进一步理顺企业的管理程序，做到管理的制度化、规范化和科学化。 （4）针对目前各管理部门中信息分割的情况，建立以客户为中心的动态信息反馈和监控体系，实现对每项任务从合同签订、设计、生产、采购、成本核算到成品发货全过程的动态跟踪，使每项任务处于有效的监控之下。 （5）加强财务管理和健全成本核算功能。真正建立起二级成本核算体系，采用先进的成本核算方法，较为准确地核算出零部件成本和产品成本，为销售报价和财务核算提供可靠依据。进行成本分析，找出降低成本的因素，有效降低成本。 （6）使用计算