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列车阀检测试验台说明书,列车,检测,试验台,说明书
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无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：列车制动系统比例阀测控试验台 设计与研究 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923095 学生姓名： 李敏虎 指导教师： 薛庆红（职称：副教授） （职称： ） 2013年5月25日 课题来源列车制车系统比例阀测控试验台的设计与研究科学依据（1）课题科学意义列车感载比例阀可以使车辆的制动率不随载重量的变化而变化，保持为一常数，以减小列车制动时的纵向冲动，避免空车时因制动力过大而使闸瓦抱死车轮，使车轮在钢轨上滑行擦伤车轮，及重车时因制动力不足而不能在规定的制动距离内停车。由于列车感载比例阀涉及人身安全重要性，对其质量提出较高的要求，因此对列车感载比例阀的测试也提出了较多的要求。根据列车感载比例阀的特性，设计研究了比例阀的检测试验台。最后实际检测后表明，该试验台测试精度高、性能稳定、装卸被测试件快速准确、测试时间短、测试结果可视化程度高、历史数据查询方便, 可为列车感载比例阀的研制和在线检测提供可靠的测试依据和试验手段。（2）检测试验台的现况及其发展前景铁路是国民经济的大动脉，它担负着十分繁重的客货运输任务。随着经济的快速发展和社会的不断进步，铁路客货运量在持续增长，从而对铁路系统的运输能力提出了越来越高的要求。在此情况下，除了需要开行更多的铁路线路外，提高列车速度是解决运力不足的更有效办法。2008年8月1日，京津城际铁路正式通车运营，标志着中国列车高速时代的到来，越来越多的高铁线路将会在未来开通。为了保证列车行驶的安全性, 感载比例阀必须经过严格的测试。目前, 国内主要采用手工控制测试或采用进口的性能试验台对感载比例阀进行测试。手工控制测试精度低、同步性差、工作节拍长、生产效率低, 性能检测常常滞后于生产加工,而且检测结果不能储存, 在出现质量问题时无法提交有效的检测报告。进口试验台价格昂贵, 软件维护不方便, 人机交互性差, 且多数为专用型, 无法满足个性化需要。随着中国铁路的发展，原有比例阀测控试验台已经不能满足要求，为此，研究设计更经济更便利的试验台。研究内容试验台的硬件设计包括试验台控制系统气动回路、电控系统、硬件优化等。首先，基于列车感载比例阀的性能检测试验需求，提出回路设计的初始方案，明确了设计的思路与方法；然后，通过性价比分析，对初始方案进行了进一步优化改进；最后，选配了压力变送器、数据采集卡等电控系统主要测控部件，最终完成了列车感载比例阀测控试验台的硬件设计。 熟悉试验台的硬件设计包括试验台控制系统气动回路、电控系统、硬件优化等； 熟练研究列车感载比例阀的原理和方法； 熟悉研究列车感载比例阀的技术要求及技术分析 熟练研究PLC控制系统； 能够熟练使用所研究的测控试验台；拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析（1）实验方案研究列车感载比例阀的技术要求，分析其主要技术要求，对比选择测控试验台的硬件设施，选择试验台的软件设施，最后检测试验台的功能。（2）研究方法 在同等条件下，选用不同的硬件设施，比较结果，综合选择最优设施 检测试验台，是否符合其主要技术要求研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月10日-2012年11月16日：选毕业设计研究课题。2012年11月17日-2012年11月底：完成上交开题报告。2012年12月11日-2012年12月20日：填写毕业实习报告。2013年3月26日-2013年4月11日：列车感载比例阀的研究。2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：硬件与软件的选择。2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果：通过对于各种设计的对比与测试，最终选定了测试系统的组成，并且根据实际测试表明。设计的列车感载比例阀测试系统测试方便, 测试速度快, 而且精度也很高, 测试结果显示完全达到了产品的测试要求, 测试系统在设计的过程充分考虑了列车感载比例阀的实际使用工况, 这样完全保证了测试结果的准确性。特色或创新之处 使用电磁阀取代EP阀并优化了电磁阀，使检测效果更好。 采用比较对比的方法，多方面对比，最终综合选择最优方案。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 实验方案思路已经非常明确，测控试验的需实际对比，当前没有此条件。 任然需要加强研究了解感载比例阀。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日 教研室（学科组、研究所）意 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：列车制动系统比例阀测控试验台 设计与研究 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923095学生姓名： 李敏虎 指导教师： 薛庆红（职称：副教授） （职称： ） 2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表英文翻译Trains are proportional valve can make the vehicles braking rate not along with the change of load change, keep a constant, to reduce the train braking on the longitudinal impulse, avoid empty with the braking force is too large to wheels, brake shoe, holding in death of the wheels sliding on the rail abrasion wheel, and heavy car due to insufficient braking force cant park within the prescribed braking distance. Because trains are proportional valve importance related to the personal safety, the quality put forward higher requirements, therefore to train load proportional valve test is also put forward more requirements. According to the properties of the sense of train load proportional valve, proportional valve testing test-bed design studied. Finally after the actual test shows that the test high test precision, stable performance, loading and unloading test parts quickly and accurately, short test time, test results, high degree of visualization, historical data query is convenient, can be developed for train sense of proportional valve and provide reliable testing basis and on-line detection methods.Railway is the artery of national economy, it shoulders the heavy task of passenger and cargo transportation. With the rapid development of economic and social progress, the railway passenger traffic volume continues to grow, the transport capacity of railway system is higher and higher requirements are put forward. In this case, in addition to need to put more rail lines, increase the speed of train is a more effective way to solve the capacity shortage. On August 1, 2008, the beijing-tianjin inter-city railway opened to traffic operation formally, marks the advent of the era of high speed train in China, more and more high-speed rail line will be opened in the future.Systems hardware design including pneumatic, electric control system, hardware test-bed control system optimization, etc. First of all, based on the sense of train load proportional valve performance test requirements, puts forward the initial scheme of circuit design, clear the design idea and method; Then, through the analysis of the ratio of the initial plan for the further optimization to improve; Finally, equipped with a pressure transducer, data acquisition card, etc. Main control parts of electric control system, finally completed the train load proportional valve control systems hardware design.According to train main test indicators, load proportional valve test rig must be able to provide for train sense of proportional valve, therefore, in this paper, on the basis of initial design, through the further optimization and improvement of the performance to price ratio, the formation of the final construction scheme optimum pneumatic circuit.Sense of train load is proportional valve need fast charging, exhaust, solenoid valve work frequency is higher, so generally use the MAC valve company production balance type multi-purpose valve control valve (EP), EP valve pneumatic circuit. Within the dotted line 2 2 2 2 EP solenoid valve and valve (6) constitute a wind, relief valve, controlled by the master control system of computer, also can through the control panel buttons (1) backup systems, pneumatic systems). Manual control charging ball valve , the exhaust valve constitute the standby system 2 (manual). To be measured when the valve train are proportional valve charging and exhaust air, measured by a pressure transducer signal pressure and output electric signals, and transmit to computer into pressure value, at the same time terminal pressure gauge display air pressure value directly, convenient for observation. Air supply pressure gauge shows gas source pressure, pressure gauge for regulating the load control counter pressure and signal control counter pressure. Precision pressure regulating valve external in the combination at the inlet of the valve , reduce the combination valve inlet pressure fluctuations, stability into the gas chamber pressure, which significantly improve the stability of precision. Precision pressure regulating valve of the pressure regulating pressure is higher, the pressure difference, the greater the signal the faster and more steady wind pressure rise. But the precision of pressure regulating valve regulating pressure is too high, is not conducive to signal pressure drop, after many test, precision pressure of pressure regulating valve will be dispatched to 700 kpa, makes the high pressure difference is higher, to signal the wind pressure of the steady and rapid rise, at the same time to facilitate the signal pressure of low pressure drop. Gas load volume 1 l capacity can slow the pressure and output fluctuation.Three channel control mode (computer control of automatic test systems, panel button manually test system, switch valve manually test system), and better satisfy the requirement of the test bench work. Master control system working principle is: the solenoid valve to electricity, EP valve according to the braking instruction, train are proportional valve inflatable and exhaust. Through physical partition loss of electricity, the solenoid, prevent gas pipeline leak, achieve train sense of proportional valve pressure maintaining.Because Labview test software set frequency is higher, this circuit structure generally use the MAC valve company produces the balance type multi-purpose valve valve (EP) for measurement and control. Model: 120B-501BAAD、140B-501BAAD, up to 50 Hz frequency, high sensitivity. EP valve only wiring for power supply and input signal, it can not only make the proportion of pressure, flow direction and flow control system constitutes a simple, but also facilitate a variety of awaiting approval. EP valve has the advantage of high accuracy, high sensitivity, high reliability, can realize precise control of pressure pipeline. However, if the control mode, load (gas bar, gas resistance, air volume) do not match, the control accuracy is not enough, EP valve leakage problems itself at the same time, the accuracy is within plus or minus 10 kpa fluctuations of 22, and ask for a plus or minus 2 kpa test-bed. In the experiment, signal pressure rise faster, but arrived at the signal pressure setting, due to the EP valve charge too quickly, make sense of train load proportion valve overcharge a drainage phenomenon is serious, as shown in figure 3.3. Signal pressure fluctuations is bigger, cant meet the stability requirement. At the same time because of high working frequency, frequent switch, easy to damage, and the price is a little bit higher, a EP valve price is in 6000 yuan of above.Solenoid valve is used to control fluid flow in the direction of the automation of basic components, belonging to the actuator; Is typically used for machinery and industrial control valve, to control the direction of medium, so as to achieve control of the valve switch. Electromagnet as the driver of the pilot valve, the performance of the entire element characteristics have important influence, both the steady-state accuracy and dynamic response performance, reliability and anti-interference ability or work all depends largely on the electromagnet. Improve electromagnet suction characteristics of comprehensive performance, without enlargement of pilot valve appearance size, improve valve commutation performance, electromagnet in the thrust to overcome in the process of reversing valve core movement of various resistance, decrease the consumed power of electromagnet, and energy saving, miniaturization, etc., is the goal of ascension solenoid valve performance.Electromagnetic valve selection should first of all, in turn, follow the safety, reliability, applicability and economy of the four principles, the second is based on the six aspects of site conditions (pipeline parameters and fluid parameters and pressure parameter, electrical parameter, action mode, special requirements to choose) 23 25.In the pneumatic circuit, using the four common electromagnetic valve, respectively control Cv2 mouth signal (Ps) and exhaust wind wind, Cv1 mouth always wind (Pin) charging and exhaust.Because of the Labview test software set frequency is higher, generally use the MAC valve the balance type multi-purpose valve for measurement and control valve (EP). Model: 120 b - 501 baad baad, 140 b - 140. Up to 50Hz frequency, sensitivity high, the price is relatively high.Ordinary electromagnetic valve price at 60 yuan/pairs, but ordinary cannot achieve EP solenoid valve high frequency movement, must carries on the corresponding modification. Measured by test computer send control commands to the solenoid valve work to 12 ms, drive time is too long, need to drive to 9 10 ms, drive for 11 hz frequency. Therefore, from the following two aspects in the design of drive time:To improve the original MOS tube + relay mode MOS tube drive systems;Solenoid valve.In order to achieve the rapid absorption of dc electromagnet, release, there are two types of driving mode:Hard drive (constant power driver) :Change the itinerary drivesAnd every other diskSoft drive (power) :High pulse, high suction, the low level to maintain after absorption, high level. Japans Toyota rapier loom USES a high drive, low maintenance. Soft drive implementation requires extra equipment and cost, from the economic point of view, this design USES the hard drive mode transformation of electromagnetic valve hardware parts:(1) the valve port, from 2 mm to 1 mm, slow airflow;(2) reduce the drive frequency of the low pressure differential;(3) appropriate to reduce electromagnetic valve travel 0.2 mm;(4) solenoid valve armature in every disk, in order to reduce the electromagnetic valve is reset when the residual magnetism.Through alteration and electromagnetic valve control system, using EP valve solenoid valve replaced, and the precision of the modified can improve to plus or minus 2 kpa, but appeared the overcharge phenomenon, therefore, can be in in solenoid valve import and export, and 0.75 mm orifice, heat causes air currents to flat.Using four two two-way solenoid valve and a two of the 3-way magnet valve (instead of charging, relief valve, the control principle is as follows:1, 2, DT DT control train sense of proportional valve pressure signal of wind, 3, 4, 5 DT, DT, DT control train load proportion valve outlet pressure;When 1 DT, DT 2 losing electricity, the realization of train load proportional valve signal wind aeration;In order to prevent the air flow is too big, appear signal wind overcharge phenomenon, in 1 DT back-end constant orifice plug placement, to slow the flow, to improve control accuracy;Signal charge occurred after the wind, through 2 DT exhaust, reduce signal atmosphere pressure;3 DT control output pouring, 4 DT for the exhaust air outlet;5 DT can realize signal in accordance with the requirements of the different wind air, but air flow instability, low control precision;On the basis of the original, to further optimize the gas path, place the 5 DT after 1 DT constant orifice plug, can achieve different requirements of charging, can also use the same constant orifice plug slow airflow, reduce the air pressure fluctuation, improve control accuracy. This test bench has been formed the final design scheme of pneumatic circuit.中文翻译 火车是比例阀可以使汽车的制动率不随负载变化的变化,保持a恒定不变,减少列车制动纵向冲动,避免空的刹车力太大车轮、制动蹄、抱死车轮轨道平移砂轮和重型汽车由于制动力不足不能把车停在规定的制动距离。因为火车是比例阀的重要性关系到个人安全,质量提出了更高的要求,因此对列车荷载比例阀测试也提出了更多的要求。根据属性的意义上的列车荷载比例阀,比例阀测试试验台的设计研究。最后,在实际的测试表明,该试验测试精度高,性能稳定,加载和卸载测试部分,快速、准确地测定时间短、测试结果、高程度的可视化、历史数据查询方便,可以发展为培训意义上的比例阀和提供可靠的试验依据和在线检测方法。铁路是国民经济的大动脉,它肩负着沉重的任务的客货运输。随着中国经济的高速发展,和社会的进步,铁路客运量不断增长,运输能力的铁路系统是更高和更高的要求提出的。在这种情况下,除了需要把更多的铁路,增加速度的列车是一个更有效的方法来解决产能不足。2008年8月1日,京津城际铁路通车运行正式,标志着时代的到来高速列车在中国,越来越多的高速铁路将于未来。系统的硬件设计包括气动、电气控制系统、硬件试验台控制系统优化等。首先,根据意义上的列车荷载比例阀性能测试需求,提出了初始方案的电路设计,明确设计思想和方法,然后,通过分析比最初的计划进一步优化改善;最后,装有一个压力传感器、数据采集卡等。主要控制部件的电气控制系统,最后完成了列车荷载比例阀控制系统的硬件设计。根据列车的主要测试指标、负载比例阀试验台必须能够提供列车的感觉,因此,比例阀在本文的基础上,初步设计,通过进一步优化和改进的性能价格比,形成最终的施工方案优化气动回路。意义上的列车荷载比例阀需要快速充电,排气,电磁阀工作频率比较高,所以一般使用MAC阀公司生产平衡式多功能阀控制阀(EP),EP阀气动回路。在虚线2 2 2 2 EP电磁阀和阀(6)构成一个风、安全阀、控制的主控系统的计算机,也可以通过控制面板按钮(1)备份系统,气动系统)。手动控制充电球阀,排气阀构成备用系统2(手动)。被测阀门火车是比例阀充电和排气,用一个压力传感器信号压力和输出电信号,传送到电脑到压力值,同时终端压力表显示空气压力值直接,便于观察。供气压力计显示气源压力,压力计调节负载控制计数器的压力和信号控制计数器的压力。精密调压阀外的组合在进口阀门,减少组合阀进口压力波动、稳定进入气室压力,大大提高精度的稳定性。精密调压阀压力调节压力增加,压差越大,信号的更快和更稳定的风压力上升。但精度的压力调节阀调节压力太高,不利于信号压力下降,经过多次试验,精密调压阀的压力将被派往700 kpa,使高压差较高,信号风压力的稳定和快速上升,同时为了便于信号压力较低的压力降。气体负载体积1 l容量可以减缓压力和输出波动。三个通道控制模式(计算机控制的自动测试系统,面板按钮手动测试系统,开关阀手动测试系统),更好地满足需求的试验台工作。主控制系统的工作原理是:电磁阀电,EP阀根据制动指令,火车是比例阀充气和排气。通过物理分区失去电力,螺线管,防止气体管道泄漏,实现列车意义上的比例阀压力维持。因为虚拟仪器测试软件设置频率较高,这种电路结构通常使用MAC阀公司生产
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