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螺旋
输送
毕业设计
设计
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螺旋输送机的毕业设计设计,螺旋,输送,毕业设计,设计
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河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表指导教师： 杨现卿 职称： 教授 所在院（系）： 机械与动力工程学院 教研室（研究室）： 机械设计教研室 题 目螺旋输送机 学生姓名刘永欢专业班级08机设1班学号08280700961、 选题质量：（主要从以下四个方面填写：1、选题是否符合专业培养目标，能否体现综合训练要求；2、题目难易程度；3、题目工作量；4、题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际的结合程度）选题符合机械设计专业的培养目标，能够体现综合训练的要求。设计任务难易程度较难，工作量较大。所选题目螺旋输送机的设计与实际贴合比较紧密，在实际的应用中比较广泛，有水平和立式两种，结构简单横截面尺寸小，工作可靠制造成本低。在设计过程中，对螺旋输送机的齿轮等零件的设计和轴计算以及它们的受力分析和强度校核对我来说是以往所学知识的综合分析和应用，所以能够满足综合训练的要求。螺旋输送机在设计过程中，对于我来说还是具有一定的难度，相关内容较多，所以这对我来说是一个挑战。二、开题报告完成情况：顺利完成了开题报告。三、阶段性成果：1对本次设计进行了方案确定，初步完成了螺旋输送机的部分主要参数的确定，并完成了减速器轴分析计算和一些零件的选型和设计计算。 2到目前为止，已完成开题报告、实习报告和部分说明书。 3进一步对整体说明书和完整的图纸绘制做准备工作。四、存在主要问题： 1对螺旋输送机的一些细节问题理解还不够。 2获得的专用资料有限。 五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语指导教师： （签名） 年 月 日河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业论文附录ABasics of flexible screw conveyorsIn basic form , a flexible screw conveyor consists of a spring steel or stainless steel flexible screw that is enclosed in s flexible or rigid plastic tube or a rigid steel tube (a small diameter ,plastic inner tube may also run the entire length of the flexible screw) and driven by an electric motor，normally located at the discharge end of the conveyor.The intake end of the conveyor tube is typically equipped with a charging adapter-a U-shaped trough that connects to the outlet of a hopper or directly to the outlet of process equipment such as a bulk bag discharger,bag dump station,grinder,crusher,screener,blender,reactor,or storage vessel. The flexible screw passes through the charging adapter troughexposing a section of the screw to material flowing into the trough from above. When rotatingthe exposed section of screw feeds material into the outer tubewhere it is then propelled through the tube by the enclosed portion of the screw.The screw automatically selfcenters within the tubeproviding clearance between the screw and tube wall a phenomenon resulting from the loose fit of a rotating flexible screw within a tube filled with bulk material This property affords sufficient space for particles to flow without damagedepending on the fragility and size of particles being conveyed.A removable cleanout cap covers the intake end of the conveyor tubePermitting rapid emptying and flushing of the tubeas well as disassembly and washdown of components .Because the intake end of the screw requires no bearing，and since the discharge end is coupled to the motor drive above and/or beyond the point at which material exits the discharge spout， material does not come in contact with seals or bearings. The flexible screw is therefore the only moving part contacting material.Typical applications include conveying of materials between storage vessels，bulk bag dischargers，manual bag dump stations，drum dump stations，crushers，screeners，blenders，reactors，Packaging equipment，injection molding and extrusion machines and other Process equipment.Capabilities A flexible screw conveyor is your most likely choice if its list of distinguishing capabilities closely matches that of your requirements，or if an individual capability exclusive to a flexible screw solves an individual problem of key concern. CoMPare your needs with the following attributes。one moving Part contacting materialThe only moving part contacting material in a flexible screw conveyor is rugged flexible screw，which is directly driven by an electric motor. This simple design does not require the filters，cyclone separators ，internal bearings，and other moving parts found on pneumatic conveyors，bucket elevators，rigid augers，drag chains，and/or aeromechanical conveyors .Conveys free-flowing and nonfrce-flowing materials- A flexible screw conveyor can transport bulk materials ranging from large pellets to submicron powders，including difficult to handle products that Pack，cake，seize，fluidize，plug，or smear. Some examples are fine powderssuch as fumed silica，compressible materials such as titanium dioxide，dense materials such as metal powder， friable materials，materials that fluidize，and materials comprised of particle sizes to 1 in. such as nuts. The gentle rolling action created by the rotating screw prevents the separation of blended Products，even those comprised of disparate particle sizes and/or densities，throughout the entirelength of the conveyor.Contamination Prevention-A flexible screw conveyor can be fully enclosed to Prevent contamination of bulk Products and the Plant environment，while Preserving the moisture and temperature levels of materials being conveyed. All interior surfaces are smooth，and can be easier to clean than conveyors in which material contacts internal bearings，seams，filters or other internal components . In addition，the units can be designed and finished to industrial and sanitary standards encoMPassing chemical，pharmaceutical，food/dairy，plastics，paint，mining，packaging，and other applications .Multidirectional-A flexible screw conveyor can move powder and bulk solid materials vertically，horizontally，or at any angle. This ability allows the user to position the intake and discharge ends of the conveyor according to the preferred system Layout or to accommodate awkward layouts as are frequently encountered in retrofit/upgrade situations.Gentle Product handling-Depending on particle fragility and size，a flexible screw conveyor can move materials with little or no breakage ordegradation，Clearance afforded between the screw and tube wall by the rotating，self-centering screw can eliminate or minimize the grinding，crushing，and iMPact damage that can occur with other conveying methods.Rapid，thorough cleaning-Flexible screw conveyors contain no cracks，crevices，filters，or bearings that can trap particles or breed contamination. Cleaning consists of removing the cleanout cap and reversing rotation to evacuate any residual material Prior to flushing with air， water，steam，or cleaning solution. The screw and outer tube canalso be removed rapidly for thorough wash-down of individual components.high reliability， low maintenance-A flexible screw conveyor contains no internal bearings. filters，or separators to wear， break down，or require maintenance. The wear and fatigue-resistant flexible screw is driven directly by an electric motor . Depending on application parameters，a flexible screw conveyor can be started and stopped repeatedly，even under a full load，with no binding or damage to the unit.Economical-The lack of internal bearings，gears，filters，or chains as well as external compressors，blowers，and separators can make flexiblescrew conveyors less costly to build and operate than other conveyors. A flexible screw conveyor can also be economical to install，because theintake and discharge ends can be Positioned wherever desired，without exact conveyor routing，reducing the need to reconfigure other upstreamand downstream Process equipment.Mobility-Flexible screw conveyors can be caster-mounted on frames with conveyor support booms for inplant mobility，avoiding the cost of multiple stationary units.Multiple discharges-Horizontally oriented flexible screw conveyors can feed multiple packaging machines，molding machines，and processequipment simultaneously or individually They can also convey bulk material over long distances，feed multiple discharge points selectively，or top off all Points on a timed cycle through manual or automatic slide gate valves.Volumetric feeding-A flexible screw conveyor can simultaneously meter and convey bulk solid products Units can be equipped with ac or dc variable-speed drives and hoppers with flow promotion devices for continuous feeding of both free and nonfree-flowing materials.Weigh batching and feeding-Gain-in-weight batching systems consist of individual or multiple flexible screw conveyors discharging into a central weigh hopper or other process equipment，which is equipped with load cells. Gain-in-weight information is transmitted to a central programmable controller，which in turn controls each conveyor. The controller then activates each conveyor，in sequence，to load each ingredient into the central weigh hopper，first at high speed，then at dribble speed before stopping the conveyor when the target batch weight has been reached. since the system functions as both weigh feeder and conveyor，it can eliminate the need for separate equipment. LimitationsSince every mode of conveying also Possesses inherent limitations，each must be identified and ruled unimportant，or less important than corresponding attributes，before deeming a flexible screw conveyor to be the most compromise-free alternative for your application.Material evacuationFlexible screw conveyors，like other mechanical conveyors，do not generally evacuate material completely when operating in a forward direction The cleanout cap can be removed，however，and the screw rotation reversed to fully evacuate residual material for reasons of cleaning and/or material changeovers. Gentle Product handlingWhile flexible screw conveyors can have less deleterious effect on materials than do methods that tend to grind，crush，or iMPact bulk products，not all materials can be conveyed damage一free. A Percentage of large，brittle flakes or large，soft particles may，for example，incur breakage，particularly through long runs or steep inclines in a flexible screw conveyor . proper engineering of a flexible screw conveyor system can eliminate or minimize these effects.Capacity requirementsFlexible screw conveyors are currently utilized for applications with capacity requirements less than 50 tons/hr ( Per conveyor ) , explaining why they are infrequently employed for off-loading of ships or railcars. Other eonsid6rationS there are two basic types of screws in flexible screw conveyors: round wire and flat wire. Each has its advantages and limitations. The rounded flight surface of round wire screws iMParts the material with directional forces that propel it through the tube，and relatively high radial forces that create an effective bearing between the screw and tube wall throughout the length of the conveyor. The material bearing surface causes the screw to self-center within the tube，Preventing it from contacting the tube wall throughout its entire length，even when the screw/tube assembly is curved，assuming it has been correctly engineered. The amount of directional slippage can be minimized utilizing an inner tube running the entire length of the conveyor， but this is typically unnecessary when conveying Products comprised of larger Particle sizes and/or those of higher mass，such as sugar，flour，soda ash，and plastic owders，ellets and regrind，as these materials are conveyed efficiently using round wire screws. Flat wire screws are fabricated using bar stock that is square or rectangular in cross section. Flat bearing surfaces iMPart greater directional force and lesser radial force(and material compression ) than round wire screws. Flat wire screws are therefore frequently employed to convey products that tend to compress，as well as fragile materials，low，mass materials，and those comprised of the finest Particle sizes. If the characteristics of a flexible screw conveyor align neatly with your material characteristics and process parameters，your next step is to provide material samples and application details to a flexible screw conveyor application engineer，who can suggest the optimum system for integration with your new or existing Process. Should your application call for capabilities beyond those outlined above，a fundamental knowledge of other relevant modes of conveying will enable you to determine Which incurs the fewest number of compromises or which best solves your most criticalFULU附录B：螺旋输送机基础在基本形式上，螺旋输送轴是以铸钢或铸铁为材料的螺旋叶片绕制在一根扰性的、坚硬的塑料或钢管上而形成的（小直径塑料管可能会延伸到整个螺旋长度），螺旋轴由通常装在卸料端的电机直接驱动。输送机的进料端通常装有一个U型沉槽，它与漏斗状进料口直接相连接或直接与推进装置的入口相连，例如一个容器状卸料袋、袋状倾倒站、捣碎机、粉碎机、搅拌机、反应装置或趸船。进料槽要布置在螺旋的上方，由进料斗进入料槽的物料可以直接进入螺旋轴上的螺旋槽中。当裸露的螺旋旋转时它将物料抛到管轴的外表面，这样物料进沿着螺旋槽移动。在管轴内螺旋能够自动调心，并对管壁和螺旋叶片进行清理。由于松散而导致的这种现象有利于装有块状物料的螺旋在料槽内旋转。物料是否能够在足够的空间里输送而不造成损害取决于其脆性和粒度。输送机的进料端通常安装有一个可拆卸的清理盖，一便对轴及时进行清理，还可以对零件进行拆卸和清理。由于进料端要求没有负荷，且因卸料端的负荷是驱动力的两倍或两倍以上，这样物料就可以达到卸料口。物料在进入料槽时与密封盖是不相接触的。因此螺旋是与物料直接接触的唯一运动部件。螺旋的典型运用包括在趸船、鼓状倾倒站、捣碎机、粉碎机、搅拌机、反应装置、包装机、铸造机、锻压机和其它物料输送装置上。性能如果列出能够满足你要求的性能清单或如果某个功能是螺旋解决单个问题所独有的，那么螺旋输送机是你最好的选择。将你的需要与下面一些特征作个对比：与物料接触的一个运动部件在螺旋输送机上唯一与物料相接触的部件就是粗而硬的螺旋轴，它由电机直接驱动。这种简单的设计并不需要过滤器，吹风隔离机，其它运动部件在气动输送设备、升降吊桶、坚硬的螺丝锥、移动链上可以看到。输送自由流动和无压流动的物料螺旋输送可以用于输送大到圆球小到微米大小的粉状物质，还可以用于输送难于装袋、抓取的物料。关于粉末状物料输送的例子如二氧化硅，可压缩的物料有二氧化钛，粘性物质如金属粉末、纤维物质、，易变质物质，还有由尺寸只有1英寸的微粒组成的物料。旋转运动是由转动的螺旋来完成的，它同时还可以防止混合物的分离，即使是那些由分散小尺寸或粘性微粒组成的物质在通过长距离输送时也不会分散。防污染螺旋输送机可以进行很好的密封，以防止产品对环境造成极大的污染，但必须保证被输送物料的潮度和温度。输送机的内表面都是很光滑的，且要易于输送机的清理。在输送机内部，物料要与焊缝、过滤器或内部其他零件相接触。除此之外，整体的设计可以同时达到工业和环境要求的标准。多方位螺旋输送机可以垂直、水平或以任意角度输送粉末状和块状固体物质，这个功能允许用户根据更好的系统安排或不便于装配的空间来定位进料口和出料口.。柔性产品的搬运螺旋输送机能否在输送物料时只产生微小的破损或没有破损，能否对螺旋槽进行清理取决于物料颗粒的脆性和粒度。自动调心的螺旋能够消除或减小磨损、压碎及采用其它输送机械容易引起的冲击。快速、全面的清理螺旋输送机不包含任何裂缝、过滤器、阻止物料运移或使输送中断的举动。清理首先要移走防护罩，然后让其倒转疏散残留的物料，以便用空气、水、蒸汽及其它清洁措施将其冲走。螺旋叶片和光轴可以被快速的移走，以便对其它部件进行清理。高可靠性、低维护螺旋输送机不带有任何内部附属物、过滤器或隔离器被磨损破坏或需要维护。螺旋轴是由电动机直接驱动。一台螺旋输送机能否反复启动制动，甚至在满负荷的情况下对整机没有任何束缚和破坏是取决于其应用参数的。经济性由于没有连接传动装置、过滤器、链条及外部压力源、吹风机、隔离器使得螺旋输送机的制造成本和运营成本较其他输送机械要低。一台螺旋输送机的安装也很经济，因为进料口和出料口可以根据需要来定位而没有一种固定输送路线，这样就减少了顺流和逆流对推进装置的依赖。灵活性螺旋输送机可以通过人工架设在带有输送支架的架设构架上以便提高输送的灵活性，这样就避免了由于采用大量的固定单元而造成的浪费。多种卸料方式水平布置的螺旋输送机可以给多台包装机、铸造机和加工设备同时或单独进料。它们还可以长距离输送块状物料，有选择性的进行多点卸料或通过人工或自动方式滑过出料口。它们还 可以在一个循环的时间内封闭所有卸料点。大容积进料螺旋输送机可以同时计量和输送块状固体产品。整机可以安装带有流动推进装置的ac或dc变速进料斗以便连续自由的输送物料。成批称重和进料对成组物品称重的系统是由单个或多个扰性输送设备组成，这些设备将物品卸到一个中心称重斗里或其它安装有载荷单元的加工设备中。获得的称重信息被输送到一个中心程序控制器中，程序控制器轮换控制每一个输送设备。然后控制器启动输送机，顺序将每中产品载入称重的中心料斗，输送机在输送时首先以高速输送，当目标的成组称重已经实现后，在输送机停机前，以滴落的速度停止进料。因为这种称重系统既实现了称重又实现了输送，所以它可以消除对隔离器的依赖。缺陷由于每种输送方法都存在固有的缺陷，因此在认为一台螺旋输送机就是你应用的最佳选择前必须对每种方法的不重要因素或次要因素进行认证和控制。物料的疏散像其它的输送机械一样螺旋输送机在一直线运转时通常不能对物料进行彻底的疏散，然而当移去防护罩并让螺旋逆转是可以充分疏散残留物料以便进行清洗和物料翻转。柔性产品的装卸螺旋输送机对物料的有害影响比用易于磨损、压碎或冲击块状物品的输送方法要小，不是所有的物料都能完好无损的被输送。例如易碎的小薄片或大而柔的颗粒可能会招致破损，尤其是在螺旋输送机内长距离输送或过高的倾斜面上输送时物品是容易引起破损的。螺旋输送机合理的系统设计可以消除这些影响。能力要求目前，螺旋输送机被应用于工作能力要求小于50t/h的应用情况下，这是为什么它们很少被用在船只或火车的装卸上。在螺旋输送机内有两种基本的形式的螺旋：平母线螺旋和弯曲母线螺旋。每一种螺旋形式都有自身的优点和缺陷。绕制的螺旋叶片表面会对物料施一个直接的外力以推动物料在螺旋槽内移动。相对较高的圆周力在螺旋输送机的整个长度内对螺旋和轴产生了一个有效的作用。物料受到的载荷使得螺旋在管轴内能够自动调心以防止物料在通过整个输送距离时与管壁发生接触，即便螺旋和管轴的装配是直线型的也能自动调心
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