《莎士比亚简介》PPT课件.pptVIP

A brief introduction of William Shakespeare,目录,一、人物生平 少年时期 剧团生涯 二、个人作品 早期作品 中期作品 晚期作品 三、作品风格 四、成就荣誉 五、人物评价,威廉莎士比亚 William Shakespeare （1564、4、231616、4、23）,威廉莎士比亚（W.WilliamShakespeare，15641616）是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人，他在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹克山上的宙斯”。 他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库罗斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及幼里匹蒂斯(Euripides)合称戏剧史上四大悲剧家。 他流传下来的作品包括38部戏剧、155首十四行诗、两首长叙事诗和其他诗歌。他的戏剧有各种主要语言的译本，且表演次数远远超过其他任何戏剧家的作品。 他的作品直至今日依旧广受欢迎，在全球以不同文化和政治形式演出和诠释。,Persons life （boyhood）,The great English Renaissance dramatist and poet William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in central England Warwick county evan riverside Stratford the citizens of a wealthy family. His father, John Shakespeare is operating wool, leather and grain in the business of the grocer, the town of 1565 civil affairs officer, three years later was elected mayor. Shakespeare at the age of seven was sent to a local grammar school, where a read is six years, mastered the basic skills of writing and a wealth of knowledge, in addition, he also learned Latin and Greek. But because of his fathers bankruptcy, failed to graduate took to the road of making a living alone. In 1577 was back from school, his father had to help his father to do the business for a period of time. He worked as a butchers apprentice, had taught in the village school, also worked in various professions, which made him up a lot of social experience.,When reading Shakespeare is innovated, different from others. Legend has it that when he was young, he worked as a teacher in the country. There were also rumors that he was in a named Thomas Lucys rich rich and local poaching, chief executive of land was Lucys housekeeper, found that he got beat up. Shakespeare in revenge, he wrote a sarcasm doggerel of great wealth. The poem was not long before they spread throughout the whole country. Great wealth wherever they go, people to laugh at him with this first limericks. Squire Thomas was very angry, so ready to find a way to punish Shakespeare, Shakespeare was forced to leave Stratford town, therefore, to take refuge in London.,人物生平 少年时期,伟大的英国文艺复兴时期剧作家、诗人威廉莎士比亚于1564年4月23日生于英国中部瓦维克郡埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一位富裕的市民家庭。其父约翰莎士比亚是经营羊毛、皮革制造及谷物生意的杂货商，1565年任镇民政官，3年后被选为镇长。莎士比亚七岁时被送到当地的一个文法学校念书，在那里一念就是六年，掌握了写作的基本技巧与较丰富的知识，除此之外，他还学过拉丁语和希腊语。但因他的父亲破产，未能毕业就走上独自谋生之路。1577年被父亲从学校接回，不得已帮他父亲做了一段时间的生意。他当过肉店学徒，也曾在乡村学校教过书，还干过其他各种职业，这使他增长了许多社会阅历。 莎士比亚读书时就卓尔不凡，与众不同。传说他年轻时在乡村当过教师。也有传言说他曾在一个叫托马斯露西的富裕财主兼地方行政长官的土地上偷猎，结果被露西的管家发现，他为此挨了揍。莎士比亚出于报复，就写了一首讥讽大财主的打油诗。这首诗没过多久便传遍了整个乡村。大财主无论走到哪里，总有人用这首打油诗来嘲笑他。托马斯乡绅非常恼火，于是准备想办法惩罚莎士比亚，莎士比亚因此被迫离开斯特拉福德小镇，到伦敦避难。,Troupe career,Shakespeare also live in Stratford town, on drama has been very familiar with. There are often some travel theater performances to Stratford town. With the daughter of a farmer in 1582 married Anne hathaway, 1585 have one son, Shakespeares Hamlet. In 1586 or 1587 to London, drama was quickly became popular. He first in the theatre when the groom, fatigue, then into the troupe, actors, directors, writers, and eventually become a shareholder theatre. First started writing before and after 1588, based on predecessors script, soon began to independently created. By the end of 1590, Shakespeare has become a top London theatre - James “beach“ interior minister consecrate troupe “in business, actor and playwright. Later, Shakespeare confirmed himself as a down-to-earth to people, moral people, he became the companys shareholders, soon won the respect and love people.,Since 1594, his troupe sheltered by the palace minister, known as the “palace minister troupe“; James I acceded to the throne after also be caring, renamed the “kings sacrifice troupe“, so the troupe is on tour in addition to the regular, often show in the palace, Shakespeare creation script and famous in the social from all walks of life. In 1596, he applied for in the name of his father to the title of “gentleman“ and has the right to arms, and has three times to purchase the considerable real estate. In 1597 to return to the home purchase property, spend his last days. Although he received a good education, but did not attend college. 1598 people in the university of f. mills has been in the treasure house of wisdom, cited Shakespeare plays up to the age of 35, praised his “unparalleled“ comedy and tragedy, and the ancient classic drama poem said. But he was not published his own plays. The success of the writing, make Shakespeare won the SAO sampdoria, Lord, Lord became his patron. Shakespeare had written him two long poem Venus and all, o “, “LuKeLi silk insult“ to the Lord, and also for the Lord has written some sonnets. With the Lord, the relationship between Shakespeare entered the noble culture of insect dragon, make him had the opportunity to observe and understand the society, expanded his view of life, for his creation provides a rich source of the future.,Shakespeare in 1599 participated in the famous globe theatre in London, and become a shareholder and actor. Shakespeare became increasingly wealthy and obtained the title of the hereditary aristocracy for his family. In 1612, he as a rich gentleman to return. He ascended the throne, in 1603, James I and his troupe called “king consecrate troupe“, he and his group of actors was appointed to command attendants, so the troupe is on tour in addition to the regular, often show in the palace, Shakespeare creation script and renowned JuTan for Oxford and Cambridge background of the social from all walks of life at that time the “university wits“ dominated, a famous dramatist was writing an article in a contemptuous tone laughed at such a Shakespeare civilians “vulgar“, “the upstart crow“ dare with “noble“ genius than high and low! But Shakespeare later won the support of the audience, including college students groups and affection, the students had amateur performance in school some of Shakespeares plays, such as “Hamlet“, “the comedy of errors“. Shakespeare lived in London for more than 20 years, and during this time his wife is still staying in Stratford. He in close to the destiny of retreat return rees trafford. 1616 Shakespeare died at the age of five and twelves birthday, buried in the holy trinity church, on the day of his death, and the day he was born in the same month on the same day. Before he died testate. His two reliable image is said to be in the church busts and portraits johndroe short, handwriting has 6 signatures and Sir Thomas more, one in three page of the manuscript.,剧团生涯,莎士比亚还在斯特拉福德小镇居住时，就对戏剧表演已经非常熟悉。经常有一些旅行剧团到斯特拉福德小镇表演。 1582年与一个农民之女安哈瑟维结婚，1585年育有一子哈姆雷特莎士比亚。 1586或1587年到伦敦，当时戏剧正迅速地流行起来。他先在剧院当马夫、杂役，后入剧团，做过演员、导演、编剧，并最终成为剧院股东。 1588年前后开始写作，先是改编前人的剧本，不久即开始独立创作。 到1590年年底，莎士比亚已经成为伦敦一家顶级剧团詹姆斯伯比奇经营的“内务大臣供奉剧团”的演员和剧作家。后来，莎士比亚向人证实了自己是一个脚踏实地、品行端正之人，他成为了剧团的股东，很快赢得了同仁们的尊敬和爱戴。 从1594年起，他所属的剧团受到王宫大臣的庇护，称为“宫内大臣剧团”；詹姆斯一世即位后也予以关爱，改称为“国王的供奉剧团”，因此剧团除了经常的巡回演出外，也常常在宫廷中演出，莎士比亚创作的剧本进而蜚声社会各界。 1596年，他以他父亲的名义申请到“绅士”称号和拥有纹章的权利，又先后3次购置了可观的房地产。 1597年重返家乡购置房产，度过人生最后时光。他虽受过良好的基本教育，但是未上过大学。 1598年大学人士F.米尔斯已在其智慧的宝库中，列举莎士比亚35岁以前的剧作，称赞他的喜剧、悲剧都“无与伦比”，能和古代第一流戏剧诗人们并称。但他生前没出版过自己的剧作。写作的成功，使莎士比亚赢得了骚桑普顿勋爵的眷顾，勋爵成了他的保护人。莎士比亚曾把他写的两首长诗维纳斯与阿都尼、鲁克丽丝受辱记献给勋爵，也曾为勋爵写过一些十四行诗。借助勋爵的关系，莎士比亚走进了贵族的文化莎龙，使他对上流社会有了观察和了解的机会，扩大了他的生活视野，为他日后的创作提供了丰富的源泉。,1599年莎士比亚参加了伦敦著名的环球剧院，并成为股东兼演员。莎士比亚逐渐富裕起来，并为他的家庭取得了世袭贵族的称号。1612年他作为一个有钱的绅士衣锦还乡。 1603年，詹姆士一世继位，他的剧团改称“国王供奉剧团”，他和团中演员被任命为御前侍从，因此剧团除了经常的巡回演出外，也常常在宫廷中演出，莎士比亚创作的剧本进而蜚声社会各界当时的剧坛为牛津、剑桥背景的“大学才子”们所把持，一个成名的剧作家曾以轻蔑的语气写文章嘲笑莎士比亚这样一个“粗俗的平民”、“暴发户式的乌鸦”竟敢同“高尚的天才”一比高低！但莎士比亚后来却赢得了包括大学生团体在内的广大观众的拥护和爱戴，学生们曾在学校业余演出过莎士比亚的一些剧本，如哈姆雷特、错误的喜剧。 莎士比亚在伦敦住了二十多年，而在此期间他的妻子仍一直呆在斯特拉福。他在接近天命之年时隐退回归故里斯特拉福。 1616年莎士比亚在其五十二岁生日那天不幸去世，葬于圣三一教堂，他去世的那天，与他出生的那天同月同日。死前留有遗嘱。他的两个据说比较可靠的肖像是教堂中的半身塑像和德罗肖特画像，手迹则有 6份签名和托马斯莫尔爵士一剧中三页手稿。,早期作品,错误的喜剧 The Comedy of Errors 驯悍记 The Taming of the Shrew 罗密欧与茱丽叶 Romeo and Juliet 仲夏夜之梦 A midsummer nights dream 约翰王 The life and death of King John 威尼斯商人 The merchant of Venice 无事生非 Much ado about nothing 温莎的风流娘儿们 The merry wives of Windsor 第十二夜 Twelfth night,中期作品,哈姆雷特 Hamlet，Prince of Denmark 特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达 Troilus and Cressida 终成眷属 Alls well that ends well 一报还一报 Measure for measure 奥赛罗 Othello，the Moore of Venice 李尔王 King Lear 麦克白 The tragedy of Macbeth 安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉 Antony and Cleopatra 科利奥兰纳斯 The tragedy of Coriolanus 雅典的泰门 Timons of Athens,晚期作品,辛白林 Cymbelline，King of Britain 冬天的故事 The winters tale 暴风雨 The tempest 亨利八世 The life of King Henry ,style of works,In Shakespeares first plays were written on a common style. He uses the standard written language, Often cant according to the need of the characters and plots and natural release. Poems by extension and calm, sometimes containing elaborate metaphor and clever conception, language is usually a gorgeous, suitable for actor read aloud instead of talking. Shakespeares poetry characteristic and the actual effect. Like that time all the playwright Shakespeare will Francis, petrarch and rafael hollins hurd dramatic creation story. He adapted every plot to create a couple of the center of attention of the audience, at the same time show the audience the story fragments as much as possible. The characteristics of the design to ensure the Shakespeares plays, can be translated into other languages, cut, easy interpretation, without losing the core plot. As Shakespeares skill increase, he gave to the role more clearly and more rich change motivation and spoke in a unique style. In later work, however, he kept the characteristics of the early style. Later in the legend of the play, he deliberately back to,作品风格,莎士比亚最早的剧作是以当时常见的风格写成。他采用标准的语言书写， 常常不能根据角色和剧情的需要而自然释放。 诗文由扩展而定，有时含有精心的隐喻和巧妙构思，语言通常是华丽的，适合演员高声朗读而不是说话。 莎士比亚诗文的特征和剧院实际效果有关。 象那个时代所有的剧作家一样，莎士比亚将弗朗西斯克彼特拉克和拉斐尔霍林斯赫德等创作的故事戏剧化。 他改编了每一个情节来创造出几个观众注意的中心，同时向观众展示尽可能多的故事片段。设计的特点保证了莎士比亚的剧作能够被翻译成其他语言、剪裁、宽松地诠释，而不会丢失核心剧情。 当莎士比亚的技巧提高后，他赋予角色更清晰和更富有变化的动机以及说话时独一无二的风格。然而，后期的作品中他保留了前期风格的特点。在后期的传奇剧中，他故意转回到更虚假的风格，这种风格着重了剧院的效果。,Shakespeare created artistic features can be summarized as follows,First, adhere to the principle of realism creation, think drama is a mirror of life. Second, the pursuit of natural performance theory that play to real, avoid by all means is too far. Third, lively and vivid plots and always in a play several complex intertwined clues, tragicomedy factors together. Fourth, shaping a series of distinct personality of artistic image. Such as Hamlet, Falstaff. Fifth, figure language characterization, such as Hamlet, philosophical and poetic, minister of command language of polonius affectation, iago foul language with remarks.,莎士比亚创作的艺术特色可以归纳为如下几点：,第一，坚持现实主义创作原则，认为戏剧是反映人生的一面镜子。 第二，追求自然的表演理论，认为演剧要真实，切忌过火。 第三，情节生动丰富，一个剧里常有几条交织在一起的复杂线索，悲喜剧因素结合在一起。 第四，塑造了一系列具有鲜明个性的艺术形象。如哈姆雷特、福斯塔夫。 第五，人物语言性格化，如哈姆雷特的话富有哲理和诗意，御前大臣波洛涅斯的语言矫揉造作，伊阿古的语言充满秽言秽语。,Achievement of honor,Shakespeares plays are being used in the old script, novels, the chronicle or folklore, but in the rewriting of injected with their own thoughts, your old theme with novel, rich and profound content. On artistic expression, he inherited the ancient Greek and Roman, medieval Britain and Renaissance Europe and development of the three traditional drama, the creative reform from content to form. His drama is not bound by three uniform, break through the tragedy, comedy line, trying to reflect the true colors of life, exploring the characters inner mystery, so that they can produce many typical complicated, the image of a lively character, represents a broad and colorful social life, and with its broad and profound, is famous for its rich in poetic and philosophy.,成就荣誉,莎士比亚的戏剧大都取材于旧有剧本、小说、编年史或民间传说，但在改写中注入了自己的思想，给旧题材赋予新颖、丰富、深刻的内容。在艺术表现上，他继承古代希腊罗马、中世纪英国和文艺复兴时期欧洲戏剧的三大传统并加以发展，从内容到形式进行了创造性革新。他的戏剧不受三