如何提高学生的阅读理解能力

1 / 8 如何提高学生的阅读理解能力 近三年来，高考英语科对考生阅读能力的要求越来越高，主要体现在以下方面：阅读量加大、生词 数增多、猜测词义分量加重、强化了语段、语篇分析。如何提高学生阅读理解水平及解题能力，以适 应新的要求 ?笔者以为在教学过程中，教师根据高考阅读理解能力测试要求、试题特点，有意识地培 养学生掌握阅读技巧是解决问题的关键。 一、快速阅读训练 要达到中学英语教学大纲二级目标关于“读”的要求，教师应通过课文教学、补充阅读量， 对学生进行快速阅读训练，使他们掌握阅读技巧，从而提高理解能 力。以下是快速阅读的几种方法。 1养成泛读的习惯 培养泛读习惯，要从课文教学抓起。每教一篇课文时，可以先让学生进行限时阅读，然后做阅读理 解题。在整体吸收的基础上，要求学生对课文进行分段研读，在教师的指导下，掌握课文中的重点词 语、句型和惯用法。泛读与精读的紧密结合，旨在形成能力。帮助学生选好读物是培养泛读习惯的关 键。教师可帮助学生确定阅读目标，制订出科学的适合不2 / 8 同学生特点的阅读计划，以此来规范学生的 阅读行为。选择读物时，应体现内容的思想性、广泛性、新颖性、有趣性，体裁和题材的多样性，从 而激发学生的兴趣，增强他们搞好阅读的信心，扩大词汇量，提高阅读水平。 2养成“成组视读”习惯 为了加快阅读速度，学生要养成“成组视读的习惯，要训练“扫视”意群、短语、句子甚至段 落的能力，逐步改变一眼只看一个单词的习惯。同时，要避免指读、顿读、出声读、回读等不良阅读 习惯。 3养成计时阅读习惯 每次进行 5 至 10 分钟，不宜太长。要从阅读心理和阅读能力等方面确定阅读时间。长期坚持，学生的 阅读速度会大大加快。 二、词义猜测技巧， 对于阅读理解中碰到的生词一般采用猜测的方法来解决(人名 、地名、组织机构名除外 )。词义猜测 是提高阅读理解能力的一种最基本的方式，也是一种非常重要的方式方法。近年来，阅读理解题加大 了分量，反映了高考加强对考生学习能力的考查。猜测词义的方法通常有两种，即根据上下文和构词 3 / 8 法知识。具体来说，有以下方法： 1根据定义或解释说明猜测词义 A resolute man is a person who once makesup his mind to do something; he wont give it half way 2根据对比关系猜测词义 在 but， however， yet， otherwise 或 though 这些表示意义转折的词出现的句中，其前后的词有明显的对 比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，很容易猜测词义，例如： Though Toms face has been washed quite clean， his neck still remains grubby 3通过因果关系猜测词义 当表示因果关系的信息词出现在有生词的句 中，就能够通过因果关系，依据已知部分，猜测出生 词的词义，例如： The river is so ，turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow 4根据语篇逻辑关系及常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验和常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，有时要理解整个语段或语 4 / 8 篇的逻辑关系，正确猜出词义，例如： There must be solne support facilities as well ， including roads to get to the hotel ，electricity， sewers(阴沟 ) to handle waste， and water 5根据同等关系猜测词义 At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy 6根据列举的事例猜测词义 You can take any of the periodicals ：The World Of English ，Foreign Language Teaching in Schools， or English Learning 7根据构词法知 识猜测词义 The American idea of the future is limited，however. It is the foreseeable future and not the future of involving (牵连 )many centuries 三、准确找出语篇的主题句 段落的构成有其内在的规律性，其中心思想往往通过段落中的主题句来体现。因此，掌握这一规 5 / 8 律，迅速找出主题句，从而抓住中心思想，达到感知整个语段的目的，对提高阅读理解能力大有益处。 1段落首句为主题句 As in China, the weather is different fromarea to area. In the north, the winters are long and hard, with snow for six months of the year. The temperaturescan fall to 60cc, that is 60cC below frcczing. In the capital,Ottawa,the average of wintertemperature is- 10cC, and in summer 21C. The west coast of Canada is the wannest place in winter. The average January temperature is 3 C, and in July it is 18C. Here it rains a lot every month of the year. (lesson 26, SEFC Book 2A) 2段落中间或尾句为 主题句 The lion! It must be the lion from the zoo! Mrs Cousins was frightened. At that ve6 / 8 ry moment the animal bent over the baby. Mrs Cousins held her breath,and her whole body went cold. The lion was smelling the face of the sleeping baby. Was it hungry7 What was it going to do ？Thoughts rushed through her head. How could she get the lion away from her baby? If she ran towards it, it might attack her. Worse still, it could even carry off the baby in its mouth. She looked around the kitchenfor something to throw at the lion. Suddenly she had an idea. In the fridge there was a large leg of pork whichshe was planning to cook on Sunday. Therewas not a moment to lose. She picked up the leg of pork, went to the back door and opened it. The lion lookedat her as 7 / 8 she swung the pork in her hand so as to attract the lions attention. Here! Eat that! she cried as she threw the leg of pork as far as she could onto the grass away from the table. The lion at once jumped off the table andran to the meat. It picked it up in itsmouth and carried it into the bushes. Mrs Cousins ran to the table, picked up her baby in her arms, ran inside