七年级下册Unit 1笔记.doc

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?学习目标梳理1. 话题 Talk about abilities谈论能力2. 必考点 1) Section A单词及短语guitar n.吉他 be good at. 擅长于 sing v.唱歌 play the guitar 弹吉他swim v.&n. 游泳 play basketball 打篮球 dance v.跳舞 n.舞蹈 play chess 下国际象棋 chess n.国际象棋 speak English 说英语 draw v.画 talk to. 跟说 speak v.说话 tell stories 讲故事 join v.参加 join the club 加入俱乐部 club n.社团；俱乐部 the school show 学校演出 write v.写作 do kung fu 练（中国）功夫story n.故事 tell v.讲述 show n.演出 v.给看 or conj.或者 talk v.&n.说话 kung fu n.（中国）功夫2) Section B & Self Check单词及短语drum n.鼓 play the drum 敲鼓 piano n.钢琴 play the piano 弹钢琴 violin n.小提琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 also adv.也 help (sb.) with sth. 在某方面帮助（某人） people n.人，人们 be good with. 善于应付的；对有办法 center n.中心；中央 make friends 结交朋友 home n.家 adv.在家 on the weekend （在）周末 today adv.在今天 make v.制造；使成为 weekend n.周末 teach v.教 musician n.音乐家 3. 句型 Can you .? 你会吗？ Yes, I can./ No, I cant. 是的，我会。/不，我不会。 Can he/she.? 他/她会吗？ Yes, he/she can./No, he/she cant. 是的，他/她会。/不，他/她不会。 What club do you want to join? 你/你们想加入什么俱乐部？ I/We want to join . 我/我们想加入 Can Jane and Jill swim? 简和吉尔会游泳吗？ Yes, they can. / No, they cant. 是的，她们会。？不，她们不会。 I like to play basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。 I can sing and dance, too. 我也会唱歌、跳舞。 Are you good with old people? 你善于应付老人吗？ Please call us at 689-7729 today! 请今天就打电话689-7729联系我们。 4. 语法 情态动词Can的用法 情态动词时动词的一种，其本身具有一定的词义，用来表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但情态动词不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有can、may、must等。 考点一：含情态动词can的句子的句式变换。 1) 否定句 主语+can+not+动词原形+其他。 （否定can） 一般疑问句 Can+主语+动词原形+其他？ （can提前） You can take some photos in the zoo.（改为否定句） You _take _ photos in the zoo. 答案： cant any 讲解：含情态动词can的句子变否定句需否定can，即在can后加not，can not=cant；另需注意肯定句变否定句，some变any，and变or的规律。 2) 含情态动词can的一般疑问句的回答。 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+can. 否定回答： No, 主语+cant.记忆：怎么问就怎么答，用can问，用can答，根据实际情况答，是就用yes，不是就用no。前后一致好作答，yes后跟can，no后跟cant。 Mom, can I play tennis? _right now. Id like you to help me with the housework.A. No, you canB. Yes, you cantC. Yes, you canD. No, you cant答案：D。讲解：解答本题，需要正确把握语境，根据答语后一句判断不能去打网球，故回答为否定的，排除B、C，又因为A选项前后矛盾，故选D。3) 含情态动词can的特殊疑问句 结构：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？对名词（词组）、代词提问：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句-划线部分？对动词（词组）提问：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句-划线部分+do？She can draw a picture. （对划线部分进行提问）She can draw a picture. （对划线部分进行提问）_can she_?_can she _ ?答案：What, draw；What, do讲解：对a picture提问，a picture为名词词组，用what提问，原句She can draw a picture.的一般疑问句为Can she draw a picture?故对a picture进行提问应为What + can she draw a picture - a picture = What can she draw?对draw a picture提问，draw a picture为动词词组，故为：What+can she draw a picture-draw a picture+do= What can she do? . . . Susan is good at English and she _ sing English songs.A.cans B.can C.can to 答案：B。讲解：can没有数和人称的变化，无论主语是否为第三人称单数形式，can都不变，另外，can后只跟动词原形，故选B。考点二：情态动词can没有数和人称的变化，其后总跟动词原形。 考点三：情态动词can可以表示能力，意为“会、能”。 She _ play the piano. She learns from music teacher. A.should B.must C.need D.can答案：D讲解：句意为“她会弹钢琴。她在音乐老师那里学的”。_I wear any clothes I like to school?No, you cant. You must wear your uniform（校服）.A.Must B.Need C.Should D.Can答案：D讲解：问句句意为“我可以穿我喜欢的衣服去学校吗？”表示请求许可，选D。考点四：情态动词can可以表示请求或许可，意为“可以”。 考点五：情态动词can表示推测，意为“可能”，常用语否定句、疑问句中。 Whose backpack is that?It _ be mine. Mine is here.A. must B.can C.mustnt D.cant答案：D讲解：答语句意为“不可能是我的，我的在这里？”表示否定猜测常用cant。mustnt表示禁止。5.单元知识点：P1（1）play chess下国际象棋考向1辨析play词组中有无theplay球、棋、牌（参加体育运动、比赛活动）play+the+乐器（弹/吹/拉某乐器）e.g. play soccer踢足球 play football踢足球 play basketball打篮球 play cards玩牌 play chess下国际象棋 play the piano弹钢琴 play the guitar弹吉他 play the drums敲鼓play the violin拉小提琴【典例1】Victor can play _ piano. He can join the music club.A. / B.an C.the答案C. 点拨：本题用寻找题眼法。piano为钢琴，是乐器，“play+the+乐器”。考向2 play with sb.与某人玩 play with sth.玩某物e.g. Dont play with fire.不要玩火。【典例2】Please dont _ your pencil in class.A. play B.played C.played with D.play with答案：D 点拨：本句意为“请不要上课玩你的铅笔。”题干是一个否定祈使句，其结构为dont+动词原形+其他，排除B.C。词组：play with sth.玩某物。故选D。 拓展一 play常见词组play games 玩游戏play computer games玩电脑游戏 play a joke on sb.开某人玩笑play a part in. 在当中扮演角色，在当中起作用play.for.为播放play against 对抗，迎战拓展二 play还可以作名词，表示戏剧、剧本。e.g. Who is the writer of the play?谁是这个剧本的作者？（2）speak说，谈e.g. I can speak six languages.我会说六种语言。考向【辨析】：speak,say,talk和tellspeak vt.说（某种）语言speak+语言（说语）Speak Chinese please.请说中文。speak to sb.跟某人说话 Speak to me, please.请跟我说。 vi.说话 The baby can speak.小婴儿会说话。say vt.说（内容） say sth. to sb.对某人说某事 Say it to me again.再跟我说一遍。 say sth. in +语言 用语说某事 Please say cup and quilt in Chinese.请用汉语说“杯子“和”被子”。talk vi.说话 talk to sb.向某人说 Dont talk to him.别跟他说话。talk with sb.跟某人说 She is talking with her teacher.她正在跟她的老师说话。talk about sth.谈论某事 What are you talking about?你们在谈论什么？tell vt.告诉，讲述，辨别 tell sb. sth.= tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 You cant tell her the joke. =You cant tell the joke to her.你不能跟她讲那个笑话。tell sb. (not) to do sth. 让某人（不）做某事The teacher tells us to listen carefully.老师让我们认真听讲。tell A from B把A、B分开魔法记忆：一语辨异 He told me he could speak English. When we talked about English, he said, “English isnt easy to learn.”他告诉我他会说英语。当我们谈论英语的时候，他说：“英语不容易学。”拓展一 相关常见词组English-speaking说英语的the English-speaking country说英语的国家spoken English 英语口语拓展二 speak of.讲到e.g. He spoke of his student days in France.他谈到了他在法国的学生时代。（3）swim v.&n. 游泳e.g. I dont want to swim now.现在我不想游泳。Lets go for a swim.咱们去游泳吧。考向一：swim的词形变换原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词swim swam swum swimming 【典例4】They had fun _ in the river last summer.A. swam B.swims C.swimming D.swiming答案：C。 点拨：寻找题眼法。have fun doing sth.意为“做某事有乐趣”，为固定用法，故填“swimming”考向二：go swimming去游泳拓展：swim的现在分词是swimming。swimming也可作形容词，常作定语。e.g. There is a swimming club here.这儿有一个游泳俱乐部。【典例5】Her sister prefers to be a _ star.A.swimming B.swiming C.swim答案：A。 点拨：动名词swimming修饰名词作定语，类似的词组还有swimming pool游泳池swimming club游泳俱乐部 swimming race游泳比赛swimming suit游泳衣（4）draw v.绘画e.g. Lily likes drawing pictures.莉莉喜欢画画。考向：draw表示用铅笔、钢笔、粉笔、蜡笔等进行绘画、勾勒，侧重线条。draw sth. for sb. = draw sb. sth.为某人画【典例6】-What do you know about Walt Disney? -He _ cartoons for newspapers.A.sent B.wrote C.read D.drew答案：D。 点拨：draw.for.为画，故选D。拓展：近义词paint指用颜料绘画，如水彩绘画、油画，侧重着色。P2（5）join v.参加，加入e.g. He was too busy to join us.他太忙了，无法加入我们。考向一 辨析 join，join in和take part injoin 参加某组织、党派并成为其中一员，身份发生变化 What club do you want to join? 你想加入什么俱乐部？ join in参加活动、比赛、游戏，身份不发生大的变化。He hopes to join in the game.他希望参与游戏。take part in 参加会议或群众性活动，并发挥积极作用。She took part in the sports meeting.她参加了运动会。【典例7】Do you want to _ the music club?A.join B.join in C.joining D.joining in答案：A 点拨：本体采用寻找题眼法。此题的题眼为the music club，所以选join，再根据固定搭配“want to do sth.” 可知选A。考向二 join sb. in doing sth.加入某人做某事【典例8】He _ them _ basketball at last.A.joined; to play B.joined; in playingC.joined in; to play D.joined in; playing答案：B 点拨：本题采用寻找题眼法。词组join sb. in doing sth.意为“加入某人做某事”。拓展 join可以作名词，意为“连接处，接合点”。e.g. The two pieces were stuck together so well that you could hardly see the join.这两块粘合得太好了，几乎看不出接缝。（6）sports adj.体育的，运动的e.g. He always wears a sports jacket.他总是穿着一件运动夹克。考向【易错点】sports为形容词，“s”一般不省略。【典例9】-Can I help you? -Im looking for a pair of _ shoes.A.sports B.sportsC.sporting D.sports答案：A 点拨：sports为形容词，sports shoes为运动鞋。拓展一：sports的相关词组：sports club体育运动俱乐部sports shoes运动鞋sports meeting运动会sports clothes运动服sports center体育中心sports car跑车拓展二：sport（无s）可作为可数名词表示体育运动。e.g. What sport do you like best?你最喜欢什么体育运动？拓展三：“做运动”的表达有：play/have/do sports魔法记忆：一语辨异After he joined the sports club, he wore his sports clothes and shoes and played sports in the sports center every day.他加入体育俱乐部后，每日身着运动服、运动鞋，在运动中心进行体育运动。（7）What about you?你呢？承上启下法：这句话既是对上文的顺承，也开启了下文的话题。在反问对方时经常用到此句话。about prep.关于e.g. He doesnt want to tell me about the news.他不想跟我说关于那个消息的事情。考向：What/How about sb./sth.?某人/某物怎么样？ What/How about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？本句式可用于反问对方同一个问题时或提建议时。【典例10】How about _ the flowers now?A.to water B.are wateringC.watered D.watering答案：D。 点拨：How about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？故选D。句意为：“现在浇花怎么样？”（8）be good at擅长e.g. She is good at music.她擅长音乐。考向一：be good at sth.在某方面擅长 be good at doing sth.擅长做某事【典例11】His brother is good at _.A.to play chess B.to play the chess C.playing the chess D.playing the chess答案：C 点拨：根据be good at doing sth.“擅长做某事”，排除A、B， 又根据play+球/棋/牌时中间没有the，可知选C。考向二：【易错点】与同义词组相互替换be good at=do well in sth.【典例12】She isnt good at math.（同意句转换）She _ _ _ _ math.答案：doesnt do well in 点拨：be good at词组中含be动词，变否定句时，not位于be动词后，do well in词组中do为实义动词，故变否定句时需加助动词位于实义动词前，本题主语为第三人称单数，故填doesnt do well in。务必注意本答案中does无具体含义，为助动词，do为实义动词，意为“做”。拓展：be good with.灵巧的，善于应付的 be good to.对好 be good for.对有益处e.g. Lily is good with her classmates.莉莉和她的同学们相处很好。 Reading more is good to you.多阅读对你是有好处的。 Early sleeping is good for your health.早睡对身体好。（9）tell v.告诉、讲述e.g. I cant tell jokes.我不会讲笑话。考向一：tell的常见词组tell stories/a story讲故事tell lies/a lie说谎tell jokes/a joke讲笑话tell the truth说实情，讲事实考向二：辨析tell，say，talk和speak（见speak）【典例13】The teacher told the students _ any food into the computer room.A.not to bring B.not bring C.dont bring D.bring not答案：A。点拨：本句意为“老师告诉学生们不要把任何食物带入微机室。”tell sb.t to do sth.告诉某人做某事。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事。（10）story n.故事e.g.This is a popular story with a happy ending.这是一个广受欢迎，结局圆满的故事。考向：story为可数名词，它有如下常见词组。tell a story/stories讲故事tell sb. a story/stories=tell a story/stories to sb.给某人讲故事write a story/stories写故事read a story/stories读故事（11）sound v.听起来e.g.Your words sound funny.你的话听起来搞笑。考向：sound+形容词 听起来 sound like+名词 听起来像【典例14】The girls voice sounds _ . Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up.A.sweet B.a good signer C.sweetly答案：A。点拨：sound+形容词，意为“听起来”，故sound sweet意为听起来甜美的。B选项应为like a good singer“（听起来）像是一个好歌手”。C选项sweetly为副词，不能用在此处。拓展sound可作名词。魔法记忆：一语辨异The sound from the church sounds beautiful.教堂传出的声音听起来很美妙。P3（12）write v.书写，写作e.g. Mr. Green asked me to write on the blackboard.格林先生让我在黑板上写。考向一：原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 write wrote written writing【典例15】Im not good at _ (write), and I always hand in my homework late.答案：writing。点拨：be good at doing sth.擅长做某事，故填writing。考向二：write的常见词组write a letter to sb.=write to sb.给某人写信拓展：writer n.作家、作者（13）want v.想要，需要e.g. Do you want to come with me?你想跟我一起来吗？考向：want的常见词组want sth. 想要某物 He wants some books.他想要一些书。want to do sth. 想做某事 They want to go to the park.他们想去公园。want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 Do you want me to help?你要我帮忙吗？ 拓展：wanted时want的过去式和过去分词，有时有被动含义，“被需要”，长用于招聘或启事的标题中。e.g. Teachers Wanted招聘教师（14）Can you sing or dance?你会唱歌或跳舞吗？考向：这是一个选择疑问句，表示提供两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方在所提供的情况中进行选择。结构：一般疑问句+or+另一备用选择？回答时要根据实际选择来回答，不用Yes/No。【典例16】-Is this a Chinese book or an English book? -Oh. _.A.Yes, it is B.No, it isnt C.An English book D.A music book答案：C。点拨：根据问句为选择疑问句，不能用Yes/No回答，先排除A、B。再根据选择疑问句的回答多为选择备选范围内的一种情况，可知选C。（15）Please talk to Mr. Zhang after school.请放学后跟张老师说。考向：本句是一个祈使句。用来表示请求、命令或叮嘱的句子叫祈使句，祈使句一般省略主语。结构：动词原形+其他 Dont+动词原形+其他【典例17】_ more, and you will make your English better.A.Speak B.Speaks C.Speaking D.To speak答案：A。点拨：寻找题眼法。本题为祈使句的肯定句，句式为动词原形+其他，故选A。（16）show v.给看；表明；标示 n.演出；展览e.g. The map shows where the hotel is.地图显示了那个旅馆在哪里。After the show, we all went back home.表演结束后，我们都回家了。考向一：show作名词时的常见词组：talent show才艺表演fashion show时装表演TV show电视节目be on show在展览中talk show脱口秀考向二易错点：show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.让某人看某物注意：在“show sb. sth.”结构中，当所指物是代词it或them时，要用“show it/them to sb.”结构。【典例18】Did you take a lot of photos? _ .A.Show it to me B.Show me it C.Show them to me D.Show me them 答案: C。点拨:根据show sb. sth. =show sth. to sb.给某人看某物，当sth.为代词时，只能使用show sth. to sb.，排除B、D，应用“them”代替上文中出现的“photos”，故选C。拓展show sb. out开门送某人出去show sb. to.带某人去show off炫耀show up出现P4（17）drum n.鼓考向：常用复数，play the drums敲鼓e.g. Can you play the drums?你会敲鼓吗？P5（18）people n.人们e.g. There are five people in her family.她家里有5口人。考向：people是集合名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数，修饰people要用many、few、a lot of等修饰可数名词复数的词或短语。没有a people这种用法。【典例19】There are so many _ over there. Whats happening? Lets go to have a look.A. flower B.car C.child D.people答案：D。点拨：寻找题眼法。本题考查名词的用法，题眼在于so many，so many+可数名词复数，表示如此多的，A、B、C皆为可数名词单数，只有people为集合名词，意为“人们”，故选D。拓展people 集合名词，强调整体 人们person 可数名词，强调个体，单数为a/one person，复数形式为persons 人（19）help n.&v.帮助e.g. With the help of dictionary, I can read English storybooks.借助字典，我可以阅读英文故事书。考向一：help作为名词且表示“帮助”时为不可数名词。e.g. I need some help.我需要一些帮助。考向二：with the help of sb.=with ones help 在某人帮助下ask sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助【典例20】Bill has made great progress _ the help of his teacher.A.for B.with C.under答案：B。点拨：句意为“在老师帮助下，比尔已经取得了巨大进步。”with the help of sb.意为“在某人的帮助下”。考向三：help作动词，意为“帮助”。help (sb.) with sth. 在某方面帮助（某人） Can you help me with English?你能帮我学英语吗？help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 They often help old people (to) clean their houses.他们经常帮老人们打扫他们的房子。【典例21】Can you help me _ my English?A.on B.with C.to答案：B。点拨：help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人，选B。拓展cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事e.g. She cant help crying when she knows the news.当她知道这个消息时，她情不自禁哭了起来。（20）home n.&ad. 家，到家e.g. Her home is near the station.她家在车站附近。【典例22】You can take it to your office or _.A.take it to home B.take home itC.take it home D.take home to it答案：C。点拨：take sth. to +地点，表示“把某物带到某地”因为此处home为副词，省略前面的to，故为take it home，选C。考向一：辨析home，family，househome 家 指一个人的出生地或居住地，具有抽象的含义。family 家庭 指由父母、子女所组成的家庭，时集合名词，既有单数意义（指整体概念，一个社会单位），也有复数意义（指家庭成员）house 房子 指供家人住的房子，指具体的建筑物。【典例23】We have only one Earth. Its our common（共同的）_.A.family B.house C.home D.room答案：C。点拨：句意为“我们只有一个地球，它是我们共同的家。”family强调父母、子女所组成的家庭；house指房子，建筑物；home指人的出生地或居住地；room指房间。根据句意可知选C。考向二：【易错点】home可作副词，指“在家、到家”。be home在家 arrive home到家 get home到家 go home回家 return home回家 go back home回家 stay home呆在家 welcome home欢迎回家 walk home走回家注意：in ones home在某人家中，home为名词。（21）make v.制作、做、使 e.g. Its easy to make a mistake.犯错容易。考向一：make friends (with sb.)【典例24】She wants to _ everyone in her class.A.make friendsB.make a friendC.make friend withD.make friends with答案：D。点拨：易错点。固定词组make friends为“交朋友”，如果是“和某人交朋友”需加with，故选D。考向二：make的常见重要结构make sb./sth. +形容词 使某人/物呈现状态e.g. Doing sports makes you healthy.做运动使你健康。make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事e.g. My mother makes me clean the room.我妈妈让我打扫房间。（22）call v.打电话，呼唤e.g. Call me at any time.随时给我打电话。call sb. at+电话 打找某人e.g. You can call me at 777-7876.你可以拨打777-7876。拓展：call sb. up给某人打电话（23）today ad. 在今天e.g. How are you feeling today?你今天感觉怎么样？the day before yesterday前天the day after tomorrow后天the next day第二天yesterday昨天tomorrow明天（24）need v.需要e.g. He needs to say goodbye to the old days.他需要向过去的日子告别。考向一：need sb. to do sth.需要某人做某事【典例25】My father is not good at cooking. He often needs my mother _.A.to help hime B.to be helped C.not to help him D.how to hlep him答案：A。点拨：句意为“我父亲不擅长做饭，他经常需要我母亲帮忙。”need sb. to do sth.意为“需要某人做某事”，C为否定形式，不符合句意，B、D亦不合句意。考向二：need to do sth.需要做某事【典例26】Lucy is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _ it every day.A.practice to speak B.to practice speaking C.practice speaking拓展一：need sth.需要某物e.g. He needs more time and more money.他需要更多的时间和金钱。拓展二：need可作名词，表示“必要、需要”。e.g. There is no need to call a doctor.没必要叫医生。（25）Students Sports Center学生运动中心考向一：students是复数名词的所有格。名词所有格分为一下几种情况：A.单数名词在末尾加-s。e.g.the boys aunt男孩的姑姑B.以-s结尾的复数名词只在词尾加“”。e.g. the students bags学生们的包ladies room女厕所C.有些复数名词后加-s。e.g.Childrens toys孩子们的玩具D.几个词表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加所有格，若表示共同拥有时，只在最后一个词的后面加所有格。e.g. Toms and Marys books汤姆的书和玛丽的书Lucy and Lilys father露西和莉莉的父亲魔法记忆：关于复数名词所有格的写法口诀：以-s结尾的加“”，不以-s结尾的加“s”。考向二：center n.中心e.g. He is the center of the event.他时这次事件的核心。常见词组：shopping center购物中心sports center运动中心in the center of 在中心拓展一：center与centre没有意思上的差别。centre为英式英语写法，center为美式英语写法，类似的词还有metre与meter。拓展二：centre的形