双宾语.doc

双宾语双宾动词，全程双宾语动词。指的是该词后面可跟两个宾语。常见的双宾语动词 award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell,bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write,answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare目录划分标准双宾语动词就是后面可以跟2个宾语的。 举例比如说give给 说我给你一个苹果 I gave you an apple. 这里you和an apple就是双宾语.还有双宾语bring shoe take pass等。 特殊形式（也带举例）含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下三种情形： 一、有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。比较： He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 She was given some money. Some money was given to him. He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。 A watch was bought for her. She was bought a watch. 二、有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)： Father made me a doll. A doll was made for me. He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her. 三、有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语： He answered me that question. I was answered that question by him.1、give, pass, lend, show, send, hand,write和bring8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach,等 2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有：build，choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,teach,tell,owe,pay. I asked John. 我问约翰 I asked a question. 我问了一个问题 I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题 5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。 Could you explain your point of view to us? =Could youexplain to us your point of view? 6.两个宾语可通过不同介词对换位置，如： a. The boss entrusted him with the job. b. The boss entrusted the job to him. a. He tried to impress the new idea on us. b. He tried to impress us with the new idea. a. A general should inspire his soldiers with great courage. b. A general should inspire great courage in his soldiers.7.不同介词，不同意思，如： a. Who introduced John to you? b. Who introduced John into the new office? a. We warned him of the hazard. b. We warned him against the hazard. （a. 指存在的危险；b. 指可能的危险） a. When compared with each other, there are differences between the twins. b. We may compare the heart to a pump. （a. 指同类人或物对比；b.指两样不同东西互相比拟） a. Helen was disappointed of the prize. b. Helen was disappointed in the prize. （a. 指没得奖而失望；b. 指对所得的奖不满而失望） a. The cake is allied to the flour. b. Is Taiwan allied with America? （a.指两样东西有关联；b. 指两个国家有联盟关系）8.两个宾语与介词各就各位，固定不变，如： The police cautioned the tourists of the danger ahead.（警惕） Can a doctor cure June of her chronic illness?（医治） The company has to compensate its staff for their losses.（弥补） No one can deprive a citizen of his human right.（剥夺）9.以返身代词为宾语的惯用语，如： I hope you will avail yourself of the golden opportunity. （利用） My friends often pride themselves on their rare achievements.（以自豪） Jill knows how to insinuate herself into her bosss favour.（向献媚取宠） We look down on those ingratiating themselves with their superiors.（讨好） 10、易错的动词 抢劫/偷某人某物：rob/steal sb. sth (错误） 正确的说法： rob sb of sth steal sb from sth. 类似的还有： cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 rid sb of sth 从-中除去（不好的东西） supply sb with sth 供给某人某物 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物 inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事 warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况(1)award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物宾语补足语宾语补足语有以下几类。1.由动词不定式充当。多数是带to的不定式，也有不带to的不定式。1).要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell，ask，invite，force，get，beg，allow，wish，want，like，prefer，intend，expect，encourage，advise，permit，order，warn，cause等。eg.I would prefer you not to change your plan我宁愿你不要改变计划。They encouraged me to try again他们鼓励我再次尝试。2).某些动词如think，consider，believe，know，find等后面作宾语补足语的不定式常用to be + adj的结构。eg.We believed him to be stupid我们认为他很笨。He didn”t consider himself (to be) important他并不认为自己重要。3).某些动词如make，have，let，see，hear，watch，notice，feel等后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。eg.He made us stay for tea他使我们留下来吃茶点。Let me introduce you to Miss Li让我介绍你和李小姐认识。Did you notice me leave/leaving the house你注意到我离开了（正在离开）那房子吗？4).变为被动语态时，不定式符号to必须保留。eg.People who won”t work should be made to work必须要不愿工作的人工作。The middle-aged man was seen to enter the building人们看见那中年男子走进大楼。2.由-ing形式或过去分词充当。1).当宾语补足语的动作由作宾语的名词或代词发出时，宾语补足语用-ing形式。eg.He could hear his heart beating fast他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。Do you smell something buring? 你闻到烧焦的气味了吗？2).当宾语是宾语补足语发出的动作对象时，宾语补足语用过去分词形式。eg.Youd better have the desk painted你最好请人把课桌漆一下。Ive never heard the song sung我从未听见那首歌被人唱过。3.由名词充当。某些动词call, name, make, elect, think, find, consider, appoint后接名词或代词作其语，再接名词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的身份。eg.He made her secretary他挑选她当秘书。Her parents died, leaving her an orphan她父母双亡，使她成了孤儿。They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country他们把巴黎看作国家的大脑和心脏。4.由形容词充当。某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。有的已构成固定词组。eg.Do you like your tea weak or strong?你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？You must keep the classroom clean你应保持教室清洁。The boy was beaten black and blue男孩被打得青一块紫一块。5. 由介词短语充当eg.I found everything in good condition.我发现一切情况都很好宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句用法及其例句一、宾语从句用法时态： 1主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不现” 2主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从四过” 3主句用过去时，从句是科学真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。 4情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。 (一)、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句， if和whether，whether.or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. （二）连接代词 连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 （三）连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 二、动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了. Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有： make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to. I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的. When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. 若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的. 三、介词的宾语从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句： We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的. 用that,if引导的介词宾语从句 有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知. 四、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if. 六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时； 当宾语从句较长时； 当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时； 当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时； 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略； 当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时； 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时； 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时； 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时； 当宾语从句有it做其先行词时； 在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 七、宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是 八、宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读. 从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary. 从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱. 如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮围着地球转. 当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手. 宾语从句（版本二）学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 1.引导词1从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他 2.判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。 2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。 3关系代词：that，who，whom,whose,which eg:1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2 I believe that our team_ the basketball match. A. win B. wonC. will winD. wins 3 I dont know_ to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who 4The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple()the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;whichC.where;which D.what;where 答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as“把用作 宾语从句用作宾语。如： Do you know where he lives 定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如： The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John. This is the man whom he is looking for. Do you know the girl who is in red? 语法 3.宾语从句的用法1that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外： 1介词宾语从句的that不省略 2 and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。 He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. 3在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 2.Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外： 1whether从句中有or not 2whether从句做介词宾语 Everything depends on whether you agree with us 3许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是： 主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 4宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher. Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. 宾语从句（版本三）宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后。 eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？ 注： (1)主、从句时态一致主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需； eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时； egHe told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意问句在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注： 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称） eg I dont think you are right,are you I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they （3）运用虚拟语气的情况在表示： 建议 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command、require; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气） eg I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once （4）宾语从句后置情况如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置 egYou may think it strange that he would live there （5）宾从中that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略 A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 egI believe（that）you have done your best and thatthings will get better B当it作形式宾语时 egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with him C当宾语从句前置时 egThat our team will win，I believe 宾语从句（版本四）一、定义和宾从例句分析宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。 A 作动词的宾语： I heard the news. 主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语 Iheard that he would come here later on. 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语-宾语从句 B 作介词的宾语： Hesaidnothing about the plan. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语 Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last night. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词一个句子作介词的宾语 二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where