大学英语综合教程B1-Unit-1-Growing-Up.doc

大学英语全新版综合教程 Book 1Unit 1 Growing UpText A Writing for Myself . Global Reading1. ScanningScan Text A and find out all the time words, phrases and clauses. since my childhood in Belleville (LL.1-2)until my third year in high school (L.2)until then(L.3)when our classed was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English(L.7)late in the year (L.17)until the night before the essay was due. (LL20-21)when I finished (L.40)next morning (L.42)two days passed (L.42)when I saw him lift my paper from his desk(L.45)when Mr. Fleagle finished (L.58)2. Part division of the textPartsLines Main ideasPart I 1-15Baker was bored by everything associated with English courses, including essay writing.Part II 16-39Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own joy.Part III40-60The experience of writing the essay helped him discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in life.3. True or false1). Baker had never thought of becoming a writer until he was in the eleventh grade. ( F )As a child in Belleville, he had thought of becoming a writer from time to time.2). Teachers found it painful to read students long and lifeless essays. ( T ).3). Before Mr. Fleagle became the English teacher for Bakers class, the English course had been interesting. ( F ).From the words “another cheerless year” we can see the English course had been quite boring.4). In Bakers opinion, Mr. Fleagle was really a formal, rigid and out-of-date teacher only because of Fleagles manner of speaking. ( F )Besides the manner of speaking, Fleagles appearance and dress also showed that he was a dull and rigid teacher.4. Multi-choice1) At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagles English course was _b_.a) interestingb) dullc) hopefuld) attractive2) In Bakers opinion, the title of the composition “What I did on My Summer Vacation” was _d_.a) dullb) unfruitfulc) difficultd) foolish and dull 3) Baker liked to write a composition with the title “ The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because _c_.a) neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti before.b) they argued with each other at the supper.c) it remained him of the pleasure of that evening.d) spaghetti was from Italy and quite new then.4) Which of the following statements is TRUE? _a_.a) Youll not write a good composition until you like the topic.b) When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his teacher would like it.c) Mr. Fleagle had like Bakers compositions before.d) Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.5. Questions and answers 1. As a student, Baker was long bored by writing compositions. Later, however, his attitude changed completely. What do you think brought about this change?By reading the text, it seems that the assignment to write an essay led to the change. However, the assignment was still there as it used to be as well as Mr. Fleagle. Nothing but his own understanding toward writing an essay changed. 2. Mr. Fleagle says “its of the very essence of the essay”, yet he gives no further explanation. Think it over. What does he mean?After reading the class Bakers essay, Mr. Flealge told the students “its of the very essence of the essay”. It was clear enough for the students to understand what the essence was. For they enjoued the essay so much that they should have got a clue of how to mke the essay. Just like what Baker had done, to write as the things are and to write for your own joy, might be what Mr. Fleagle wants to illustrate. 3. How do you understand the title” Writing for Myself”?To write for oneself may be a good way in making some certain articles such as essay pr poem and so on. For by reading such an essay, the readers expect of nothing but of the authors individual feelings toward certain matters. Detailed ReadingImportant words , phrase and difficult sentences: Part One (para.1-2)1) (L.1)off and on : or on and off: from time to time; now and again, irregularly 断断续续地，有时-It has been raining on and off for a week. That why the clothes feel damp.-As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bedside chair.2) (L.3)take hold: become established 生根，确立-The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families-老习惯总是很难摆脱的. 这就是为什么你要在习惯养成之前戒烟.-Old habits die hard. Thats why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.3) (L.3)bore : vt. Make sb. feel tired and lose interest 使人厌烦-The speaker went on and on, and the audience grew bored by his speech.-Tom Sawyer grew bored with painting the garden fence, so he thought of a way to make others paint for him.Collocation:A crashing bore 讨厌之极的人/事A frightful bore 讨厌得要命的家伙An insufferable bore 讨厌得让人无法忍受的人An utter bore 极惹人厌烦的事4) (L.3)associate: vt. Join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind. 使联系起来，使联想- 我们只是把埃及和金字塔联系起来.-We often associate Egypt with pyramids.-I cant associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written,.-Jim wished to forget everything associated with his former life.*associate: n. partner, 合伙人-He is not a friend, he is a business associate. 他不是我的朋友，而是我生意上的合伙人。5) (para.1 L.3-4) Until then Idwith English course.Up to then, Baker had had no interest in things related to English courses6) (L.5)turn out 编写，生产，制造a) come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc.b) provec) shut offd) produce; makematch the above definition with the sentences below-A large group of protesters have turned out. (a)-The school has turned out some great scholars (d)-Turn out the light before you go to bed. (c)-The plan turned out a failure. (b)-We are to turn out 100,000 586 computers next year to meet the market requirements (d)-The experiment turned out to be a success. (b) -Crowds turned out for the procession. (a)7) (para.1 L.4-6) I hated the assignmentsfor me to write.I found it painful to write long, boring essays as required by teachers; neither did teachers enjoy what I wrote.8) (L.8)anticipate: vt. Expect (usu. following by gerund or that-clauses) 预期，期望- The police had anticipated troubles from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers.-他们预料到2005年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍.-They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2005.该动词接的宾语是动名词, 不可用不定式代替-We anticipate hearing from you again.*anticipation n. 预期in anticipation of 9) (L.8)another cheerless year What can we learn from this phrase? We can know form this phrase that before Mr. Fleagle became Bakers English teacher, all English courses were dull.*10) (L.8)tedious: boring and lasting for a long time. 乏味的，冗长的 -The arguments were tedious and complicated. -那些论点冗长而繁复。11) (L.9) inspire: vt. Fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc.-Martin Luther King, Jr.s speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans.-The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.Collocation:inspire sth. in sb. (=inspire sb. with sth.)使某人产生某种感情，激发某人的某种感情。12) (L.10 )rigid: adj. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior, based on correct or accepted rules. 一成不变；严格的-如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话.他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走.-If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.-The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest day.11) (L.11) severe: adj.a) completely plain 朴素的 -The widow wore a severe black dress to her husbands funeral.-海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世.-Hemingway is known for his severe writing styles.b) stern; strict-Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.-Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.c) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc剧烈的-The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.-工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品,才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜.-A factory must turn out newer and better products to win the climate of severe business competition.CF: severe, stern& strictsevere 作严厉解时，可以形容人（ severe father严厉的父亲），人的面貌 （severe look严厉的神色），人的态度 （ The teacher is severe with his students教师对学生很严厉） stern: 与stern 相近，但用途比较宰，一般用于人的容貌或态度例如：a severe father 和a stern father 都可以用，但含义稍有不同：a severe father 对子女有严厉的要求,积极意义更多a stern father 对子女不含情,要他们服从,消极意义更多strict: 相当与汉语的“严格的”, 须假定有一种客观的标准(如规章,纪律定义、真理等)。例如：-The teacher is strict with his students.-There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.Part Two (para.3-5)12) (para.3 L.16-17) I prepare for annot disappointed.What does the author really mean when he says “I was not disappointed”?He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagles lessons were dull.13) (L.17 )tackle: vt. deal with 处理，应付 -Toshiba recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of house-work.-The questions said by the teacher were so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it.*tackle sb. about sth. 与某人谈谋事，为谋事与某人打交道。14) (para.3 L.20-22) I took the listand scanned it.What can we infer from these sentences?Baker was unwilling to write his essay.List phrases to support your inference“ did nothing untilthe essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task”15) (L. 21) face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with as problem or difficulty. 勇敢地接受或对付 -Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Years Eve.-既然你的女儿已经诞生了,你就要承担起做父亲的责任.Now that your daughter was born, youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.16) (L. 2022) I took the list home and did nothing until the nightand scanned it.1) What can we infer these sentences?Baker was unwilling to write his essay.2) List phrases to support your inference. Did nothing untilthe essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task. 17) (para.4 L.24) This title producedmental images.Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.At the sight of the title I saw an unusual series of pictures in my minds eye.这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像.18) (L. 24) sequence: n. connected line of events, ideas, etc.-连续的歉收迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助。-A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.-The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence.CF: sequence & seriesSequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。例如-I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events.-我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。-Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first.-你论据缺乏逻辑先后顺序，因为你的第二点于第一点衔接不上。Series 是指“系列”、“组”， 可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如：-Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue.李教授将就中东问题作一系列的讲座。-The post office ahs issued a series of stamps commemorating Olympic Games.邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。Collocation:in sequence 顺次，挨次in rapid sequence 紧接着，一个接着一个in regular sequence 按次序，有条不紊the sequence of events 事情的先后顺序19) (para.4. L.28-30) Neither Doris nor I be good at it.What is the relationship between Baker and Doris? Why?Doris was Bakers sister or his female cousin. Two reasons for that:Doris is a female name.The author mentioned “ none of the adults” which shows that they were still children, not adults.*20) (L.31)recall: 1) bring back to the mind, remember （usu. Followed by noun/gerund, or that-clause）想起，回忆 -I recognize the face but cant recall her name. -I dont recall your name but recognize your face. She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon. 2) ask or order to return 召回，撤回 -We cannot recall our lost youth. -青春一去不复返。 CF: recall, remember & remind 这三个词都与“记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。recall “想起“，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作包含又意识的努力，因此常于can, could 等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：-Try as I might, I could not recall where I had left the book.我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。-I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her.-我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。remember “想起“， 用法比较广泛，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。-I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.-我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。如果remember表示又意识的行动，常指“记住”.-You must remember this phone number.你必须记住这个电话号码。remind 指“使人想起”， “提醒”， 宾语是人。具体用法如下：1) 接宾语；2) 接宾语of+宾语；3) 接宾语不定式；4)接宾语that-clause.-If I forget it, please remind me. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。-This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。-Remind me to write to Mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。-The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.看到钟使我想起我迟到了。 21) (L.31) argument: n. 1) a disagreement; a quarrel-Many found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.2) a reason given to support or disprove something.-There are many arguments against smoking.-那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。-The famous professor can always drive home an argument.Collocation:get into an argument 加入争论break off an argument 中断一场争论terminate an argument 结束一场争论settle an argument 解决一场争论a bitter/violent/heated argument 提出论点confute an argument 驳倒一个论点 22) (L.34) put down: write down -管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。 The housekeeper put down the daily expense in a little notebook. -Put down what you hear, please.23) (L.37 )violate: act against 违背，违反-Speeding in downtown areas violates the traffic regulations. 24) (L.41 ) compose: vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.) -The presidents speech is really brilliant. Do you thing it was composed by himself or by someone else? -John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son. CF: compose, consist of, comprise & constitute 这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成” compose 常见于被动语态，构成be composed of 的结构，表示“由构成”； 在用于主动语态时，一般包含着“融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者时复数名词或者时集体名词。-Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。-England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。Consist of 意为“由构成”， 强调结果是一个统一整体。-New York City consist of five boroughs.纽约市由五个行政区组成。Comprise 可表示“由构成”；也可表示“构成”-The committee comprises men of widely different views.这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。-Fifty states comprise the United States. 美国由50个州组成。Constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，抑或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。-Seven days constitute a week.25) (L.42 ) turn in1. hand in; give over2. deliver (a person or thing) to the police3. give back; returnMatch the above definitions with the sentences below:-The criminal turned herself in. (2)-For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper. (1)-You must turn in your uniform when you leave the army. (3)-Have you all turned in your homework from last night? (1)Part Three (para.6-9)26) (L.44 )command: 命令，指令1) n. order-The commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated.-The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President.2) v. order船长命令船员立刻离船。-The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.-If you command wisely, youll be obeyed cheerfully.指挥有方，人人乐从。-He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.NB: 像suggest, demand等动词一样, 它引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气.谓语用 “ should + 原形动词“或直接家原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。-He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.Collocations:get command of 控制have a good command of 能自由应用have at ones command 能充分掌握take command of 开始担任.指挥under the command of 由指挥CF: command & ordercommand 暗含“必须服从”的意思，比较正是。例如：-The officer commanded his soldiers to open fire on the enemy.军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。Order 指一般的上级“命令”下级，较普通、常用。例如：-He was ordered to write a full report on the matter.他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。27) (para.6 L.44-46) I was preparing myselfthe classs attention.1. paraphrases the part of the sentenceI was preparingfor disciplineI was ready for Mr. Fleagles order to see him soon after school for the purpose of punishing me.1. Why did Baker think he would be punished? Because to his mind this time he had violated the rules of formal composition.2. Whats the function of the word “when” in the sentence?The word “when” here doesnt mean “at or during the time that” (当时). Instead, it means and then” (在那时).He had just drifted off to sleep when the bell rang.I was about to ask after his wife when I suddenly remembered that they were getting a divorce. 28) (L.50) whats more: in addition; more importantly-Ms. Stewart manages a successful business and gives a weekly TV cooking show. Whats more, she has already published three books on gardening.-你怎么爱上这个人。他整天开电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了！How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and whats more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months.29) (L.53) hold back:1. prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.)-Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears.2. make sb. or sth. stop moving forward-The men built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood water.3. prevent the development of-You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back.4. keep sth. secret-把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何东西。Tell me about itdont hold anything back.30) (L.54 )av