MalcolmX.doc

MalcolmX 第一篇：MalcolmX第二篇：dMalcolmXconverg第三篇：7、MalcolmX-theballotorthebullet第四篇：MalcolmX:message第五篇：今天是X月XX日更多相关范文 MalcolmX(may19,1925february21,1965),bornMalcolmlittleandalsoknownasel-hajjmalikel-shabazz(arabic:?),wasanafricanamericanmuslimministerandhumanrightsactivist.tohisadmirers,hewasacourageousadvocatefortherightsofafricanamericans,amanwhoindictedwhiteamericaintheharshesttermsforitscrimesagainstblackamericans.detractorsausedhimofpreachingracism,blacksupremacy,antisemitism,andviolence.hehasbeencalledoneofthegreatestandmostinfluentialafricanamericansinhistory. MalcolmXsfatherdiedkilledbywhitesupremacists,itwasrumoredwhenhewasyoung,andatleastoneofhisuncleswaslynched.whenhewasthirteen,hismotherwasplacedinamentalhospital,andhewasplacedinaseriesoffosterhomes.in1946,atage20,hewenttoprisonforbreakingandentering. inprison,MalcolmXbecameamemberofthenationofislamandafterhisparolein1952hequicklyrosetobeeoneofitsleaders.foradozenyearsMalcolmXwasthepublicfaceofthecontroversialgroup,butdisillusionmentwithnationofislamheadelijahmuhammadledhimtoleavethenationinmarch1964.afteraperiodoftravelinafricaandthemiddleeast,hereturnedtotheunitedstates,wherehefoundedmuslimmosque,inc.andtheorganizationofafro-americanunity.infebruary1965,lessthanayearafterleavingthenationofislam,hewasassassinatedbythreemembersofthegroup. MalcolmXseXpressedbeliefschangedsubstantiallyovertime.asaspokesmanforthenationofislamhetaughtblacksupremacyandadvocatedseparationofblackandwhiteamericansincontrasttothecivilrightsmovementsemphasisonintegration.afterbreakingwiththenationofislamin1964sayingofhisassociationwithit,iwasazombiethen.pointedinacertaindirectionandtoldtomarchandbeingasunnimuslim,hedisavowedracismandeXpressedwillingnesstoworkwithcivilrightsleaders,thoughstillemphasizingblackself-determinationandselfdefense. lesson11:mlkandMalcolmX:convergingideas? overview:studentswillbeaskedtorecallanyideastheyhaveaboutmartinlutherking,jr.andMalcolmX.theywillthenuseprimarysourcestoanalyzethemessagesofthesetwomenlaterintheircareers,andevaluatetheirsimilaritiesanddifferences.finally,studentswill reconsidertheirinitialperceptionsofthetwomenandreevaluatethembasedonwhattheyhaveuncoveredinclass. centralquestion:wereMalcolmXandmartinlutherkingjr.smessagesasdifferentaspeopleoftenportraythem? objectives: ?studentswillbeabletopare,andcontrasttheideologiesandstrategiesemployedbymartinlutherking,jr.andMalcolmXandidentifytheireffectivenessandlegacies.(michigancurriculumframeworkss1.2hs3,ss1.3hs1) technologystandardsforteachers():technologyoperationsandconcepts ?demonstrateintroductoryknowledge,skills,andunderstandingofconceptsrelatedtotechnology. planninganddesigninglearningenvironmentsandeXperiences ?designdevelopmentallyappropriatelearningopportunitiesthatapplytechnology-enhancedinstructionalstrategiestosupportthediverseneedsoflearners. teaching,learning,andthecurriculum ?usetechnologytosupportlearner-centeredstrategiesthataddressthediverseneedsofstudents. assessmentandevaluation ?applytechnologyinassessingstudentlearningofsubjectmatterusingavarietyofassessmenttechniques. productivityandprofessionalpractice ?applytechnologytoincreaseproductivity social,ethical,legal,andhumanissues ?identifyandusetechnologyresourcesthataffirmdiversity. keyconcepts: ?blacknationalismapoliticalandsocialmovementprominentinthe1960sthatcalledforafrican-americanstogaineconomicandpoliticalpower,andwhichcelebratedafricanheritage. ?defactosegregationtheseparationofpeoplebasedontheirrace,ethnicity,orclassthateXiststothisdaybecauseofsocial,andnotlegal,practices. ?povertybeingunabletoaffordthemeansofprovidingmaterialneedsorfortsforoneselfandonesdependents. materialsandsources: ? ? ? ?eXcerptofmlks“wheredowegofromhere?”speecheXcerptfromMalcolmXsspeech“theballotorthebullet”handoutanalyzingandparingthetwospeeches assessment:studentswillpleteachartparingandcontrastingtheviewsofmlkandMalcolmX,whichwillgointheirjournal.theywillalsorevisetheirinitialperceptionsofthetwomen,whichwillalsogointheirjournal. instructionalsequence: 1.createtwocolumnsontheboardwith“martinlutherking,jr.”atthetopofoneand “MalcolmX”atthetopoftheother.askstudentstobrainstormwordsorphrasesthatetomindwhentheythinkofeachman. 2.displaythefollowingquotesontheoverhead,andaskstudentswhotheythinksaideach quote,mlkorMalcolmX: “thereisamagnificentnewmilitancywithinthenegromunityallacrossthisnation.andiwelethisasamarvelousdevelopment.thenegroofamericaissayinghesdeterminedtobefreeandheismilitantenoughtostandup.”mlk “ihavebeenconvincedthatsomeamericanwhitesdowanttohelpcuretherampantracismwhichisonthepathtodestroyingthiscountry.”MalcolmX 3.discusswithstudentshowandwhywehavethesefiXedimagesofmartinlutherking,jr. andMalcolmX.besuretoemphasizethatthemediaandpeoplewritingbiographiesofthesetwomenhaveemphasizedtheirdifferences,whenreallybytheendoftheirlivestheyhadmoreinmonthanweusuallythink. 4.passouteXcerptsfrommlksspeech“wheredowegofromhere?”andMalcolmXs speech“theballotorthebullet”,alongwithagraphicorganizerthatstudentswillpleteduringclass.pairstudentsup,assigningonestudenttoreadeachspeech.eXplainthattheywillberesponsibleforteachingthemessageoftheirspeechtotheirpartner.askstudentstoreadthroughtheirspeechandfillouttheaompanyingboXontheirhandout.aftertheyhaveanalyzedthemessageofeachspeechandsharedtheiranswers,askeachpairtowritedownanysimilaritiesanddifferencestheycanfindbetweenthetwospeechesinthe appropriateboXes.walkaroundtheroomtohelpeachpair,especiallythosewhoappeartobestruggling. 5.afterstudentshavepletedtheirworksheet,askthemtowriteaparagraphintheir journalsdescribingwhetherornottheirperceptionsofmartinlutherkingjr.andMalcolmXhavechanged,basedonwhattheyhaveuncoveredtoday. 7.MalcolmX-theballotorthebullet mr.moderator,reverendcleage,brotherlomaX,brothersandsisters,andMalcolmfriends-andiseesomeenemies. infact,ithinkwedbefooling readabourselvesifwehadanaudiencethislargeanddidntrealizethatthere historyweresomeenemiespresent. freeretoolbar thisafternoonwewanttotalkabouttheballotorthebullet.theballotblackhisto orthebulleteXplainsitself.butbeforewegetintoit,sincethisistheyear oftheballotorthebullet,iwouldliketoclarifysomethingsthatreferto mepersonally-concerningmyownpersonalposition. thednaproject. imstillamuslim.thatis,myreligionisstillislam.myreligionisstill traceyouislam.istillcreditmr.mohammedforwhatiknowandwhatiam.hesthe ancestraonewhoopenedmyeyes.atpresent,imtheministerofthenewlydnadis foundedmuslimmosque,incorporated,whichhasitsofficesintheteresaethnico hotel,rightintheheartofharlem-thatstheblackbeltinnewyorkcity.dnaa andwhenwerealizethatadamclaytonpowellisachristianminister,hesthe-heheadsabyssinianbaptistchurch,butatthesametime,hesmorefamousforhispoliticalstruggling. anddr.kingisachristianminister,inatlanta-fromatlantageorgia-ortriplegro. inatlanta,georgia,buthesbeemorefamousforbeinginvolvedinthe 第1页共4页 civilrightsstruggle.theresanotherinnewyork,reverendgalamison-i dontknowifyouveheardofhimouthere-hesachristianministerfrom brooklyn,buthasbeefamousforhisfightagainstasegregatedschoolsysteminbrooklyn.reverendcleage,righthere,isachristianminister,hereindetroit.hestheheadofthe“freedomnowparty.” alloftheseare christianministers-allofthesearechristianministers,buttheydont etousaschristianministers.theyetousasfightersinsomeothercategory. imamuslimminister.thesameastheyarechristianministers,imamuslimminister.andidontbelieveinfightingtodayinanyonefront,but onallfronts.infact,imablacknationalistfreedomfighter.islamismy religion,butibelievemyreligionismypersonalbusiness.itgovernsmy personallife,mypersonalmorals.andmyreligiousphilosophyispersonalbetweenmeandthegodinwhomibelieve;justasthereligious philosophyoftheseothersisbetweenthemandthegodinwhomtheybelieve. andthisisbestthisway.werewetoeoutherediscussingreligion,wedhavetoomanydifferencesfromtheoutstartandwecouldnevergettogether.sotoday,thoughislamismyreligiousphilosophy,mypolitical,economic,andsocialphilosophyisblacknationalism.youandi-asisay, ifwebringupreligionwellhavedifferences;wellhavearguments;and wellneverbeabletogettogether.butifwekeepourreligionathome,keepourreligioninthecloset,keepourreligionbetweenourselvesandour god,butwhenweeouthere,wehaveafightthatsmontoallofusagainstasicenemywhoismontoallofus. thepoliticalphilosophyofblacknationalismonlymeansthattheblackmanshouldcontrolthepoliticsandthepoliticiansinhisownmunity.the-thetime-thetimewhenwhitepeoplecaneinourmunityandgetustovoteforthemsothattheycanbeourpoliticalleadersandtelluswhattodoandwhatnottodoislonggone.bythesametoken, the timewhenthatsamewhiteman,knowingthatyoureyesaretoofaropen,cansendanothernegrointothemunityandgetyouandmetosupporthimsohecanusehimtoleadusastray-thosedaysarelonggonetoo. thepoliticalphilosophyofblacknationalismonlymeansthatifyouandi aregoingtoliveinablackmunity-andthatswhereweregoingto live,causeassoonasyoumoveintooneoftheir-soonasyoumoveoutoftheblackmunityintotheirmunity,itsmiXedforaperiodoftime,buttheyregoneandyourerightthereallbyyourselfagain.we must-wemustunderstandthepoliticsofourmunityandwemustknowwhatpoliticsissupposedtoproduce.wemustknowwhatpart politicsplayinourlives.anduntilwebeepoliticallymaturewewillalwaysbemislead,leadastray,ordeceivedormaneuveredintosupportingsomeonepoliticallywhodoesnthavethegoodofourmunityatheart.sothepoliticalphilosophyofblacknationalismonlymeansthatwewillhavetocarryonaprogram,apoliticalprogram,ofre-educationtoopenourpeopleseyes,makeusbeemorepoliticallyconscious,politicallymature,andthenwewill-wheneverwegetreadytocastourballot,thatballotwillbe-willbecastforamanofthemunitywhohasthegoodofthemunityofheart. theeconomicphilosophyofblacknationalismonlymeansthatweshouldownandoperateandcontroltheeconomyofourmunity.youwouldnever-youcantopenupablackstoreinawhitemunity.whitemenwontevenpatronizeyou.andhesnotwrong.hesgotsenseenoughto lookoutforhimself.youtheonewhodonthavesenseenoughtolookout foryourself.thewhiteman-thewhitemanistoointelligenttoletsomeoneelseeandgaincontroloftheeconomyofhismunity.butyouwillletanybodyeinandtakecontroloftheeconomyofyourmunity,controlthehousing,controltheeducation,controlthejobs,controlthebusinesses,underthepreteXtthatyouwanttointegrate.no,youreoutofyourmind. thepolitical-theeconomicphilosophyofblacknationalismonlymeansthatwehavetobeeinvolvedinaprogramofreeducationtoeducateourpeopleintotheimportanceofknowingthatwhenyouspendyourdollar outofthemunityinwhichyoulive,themunityinwhichyouspendyourmoneybeesricherandricher;themunityoutwhichyoutakeyourmoneybeespoorerandpoorer.andbecausethesenegroes,whohavebeenmislead,misguided,arebreakingtheirneckstotaketheirmoneyandspenditwiththeman,themanisbeingricherandricher,andyourebeingpoorerandpoorer.andthenwhathappens?themunityinwhichyoulivebeesaslum.itbeesaghetto.theconditionsbeerundown.andthenyouhavetheaudacityto-toplainaboutpoorhousinginarun-downmunity.whyyourunitdownyourselfwhenyoutakeyourdollarout. andyouandiareinadouble-track,becausenotonlydowelosebytakingourmoneysomeplaceelseandspendingit,whenwetryandspenditinourownmunityweretrappedbecausewehaventhadsenseenoughtosetupstoresandcontrolthebusinessesofourmunity.themanwhoscontrollingthestoresinourmunityisamanwhodoesntlooklikewedo.hesamanwhodoesntevenliveinthemunity.soyouandi,evenwhenwetryandspendourmoneyintheblockwhereweliveortheareawherewelive,werespendingitwithamanwho,whenthesun goesdown,takesthatbasketfullofmoneyinanotherpartofthetown. soweretrapped,trapped,double-trapped,triple-trapped.anywherewegowefindthatweretrapped.andeverykindofsolutionthatsomeoneesupwithisjustanothertrap.butthepoliticalandeconomicphilosophyofblacknationalism-theeconomicphilosophyofblack nationalismshowsourpeopletheimportanceofsettinguptheselittlestoresanddevelopingthemandeXpandingthemintolargeroperations.woolworthdidntstartoutbigliketheyaretoday.theystartedoutwitha dimestoreandeXpandedandeXpandedandtheneXpandeduntiltoday,theyrearealloverthecountryandallovertheworld,andtheygetto someofeverybodysmoney.nowthisiswhatyouandi-generalmotors isthesameway.theydidntstartoutlikeitis.itstartedoutjustalittle ratracetypeoperation.anditeXpandedanditeXpandeduntiltodayitswhereitisrightnow.andyouandihavetomakeastartandthebestplacetostartisrightinthemunitywherewelive. .andduringthefewmomentsthatwehaveleft,wewanttohavejustanoff-the-cuffchatbetweenyouandme-us.wewanttotalkrightdowntoearthinalanguagethateverybodyherecaneasilyunderstand.weallagreetonight,allofthespeakershaveagreed,thatamericahasaveryseriousproblem.notonlydoesamericahaveaveryseriousproblem,butourpeoplehaveaveryseriousproblem.americasproblemisus.wereherproblem.theonlyreasonshehasaproblemisshedoesntwantushere.andeverytimeyoulookatyourself,beyoublack,brown,red,oryellow-aso-callednegro-yourepresentapersonwhoposessuchaseriousproblemforamericabecauseyourenotwanted.onceyoufacethisasafact,thenyoucanstartplottingacoursethatwillmakeyouappearintelligent,insteadofunintelligent. whatyouandineedtodoislearntoforgetourdifferences.whenweetogether,wedontetogetherasbaptistsormethodists.youdontcatchhellcauseyoureabaptist,andyoudontcatchhellcauseyoureamethodist.youdontcatchhellcauseyoureamethodistorbaptist.youdontcatchhellbecauseyoureademocratorarepublican.youdontcatchhellbecauseyoureamasonoranelk.andyousuredontcatchhellcauseyoureanamerican;causeifyouwasanamerican,youwouldntcatchnohell.youcatchhellcauseyoureablackman.youcatchhell,allofuscatchhell,forthesamereason. soweareallblackpeople,so-callednegroes,second-classcitizens,eX-slaves.youarenothingbutasiceX-slave.youdontliketobetoldthat.butwhatelseareyou?youareeX-slaves.youdidntehereonthemayflower.youcamehereonaslaveship-inchains,likeahorse,oracow,orachicken.andyouwerebroughtherebythepeoplewhocamehereonthemayflower.youwerebroughtherebytheso-calledpilgrims,orfoundingfathers.theyweretheoneswhobroughtyouhere. wehaveamonenemy.wehavethisinmon:wehaveamonoppressor,amoneXploiter,andamondiscriminator.butonceweallrealizethatwehavethismonenemy,thenweuniteonthebasisofwhatwehaveinmon.andwhatwehaveforemostinmonisthatenemy-thewhiteman.hesanenemytoallofus.iknowsomeofyouallthinkthatsomeofthemarentenemies.timewilltell. inbandungbackin,ithink,1954,wasthefirstunitymeetingincenturiesofblackpeople.andonceyoustudywhathappenedatthebandungconference,andtheresultsofthebandungconference,itactuallyservesasamodelforthesameprocedureyouandicanusetogetourproblemssolved.atbandungallthenationscametogether.theirweredarknationsfromafricaandasia.someofthemwerebuddhists.someofthemweremuslim.someofthemwerechristians.someofthemwereconfucianists;somewereatheists.despitetheirreligiousdifferences,theycametogether.someweremunists;someweresocialists;somewerecapitalists.despitetheireconomicandpoliticaldifferences,theycametogether.allofthemwereblack,brown,red,oryellow. thenumber-onethingthatwasnotallowedtoattendthebandungconferencewasthewhiteman.hecouldnte.oncetheyeXcludedthewhiteman,theyfoundthattheycouldgettogether.oncetheykepthimout,everybodyelsefellrightinandfellinline.thisisthethingthatyouandihavetounderstand.andthesepeoplewhocametogetherdidnthavenuclearweapons;theydidnthavejetplanes;theydidnthavealloftheheavyarmamentsthatthewhitemanhas.buttheyhadunity. theywereabletosubmergetheirlittlepettydifferencesandagreeononething:thatthoughoneafricancamefromkenyaandwasbeingcolonizedbytheenglishman,andanotherafricancamefromthecongoandwasbeingcolonizedbythebelgian,andanotherafricancamefromguineaandwasbeingcolonizedbythefrench,andanothercamefromangolaandwasbeingcolonizedbytheportuguese.whentheycametothebandungconference,theylookedattheportuguese,andatthefrenchman,andattheenglishman,andattheother-dutchman-andlearnedorrealizedthattheonethingthatallofthemhadinmon:theywereallfromeurope,theywerealleuropeans,blond,blue-eyedandwhite-skinned.theybegantorecognizewhotheirenemywas.thesamemanthatwascolonizingourpeopleinkenyawascolonizingourpeopleinthecongo.thesameoneinthecongowascolonizingourpeopleinsouthafrica,andinsouthernrhodesia,andinburma,andinindia,andinafghanistan,andinpakistan.theyrealizedallovertheworldwherethedarkmanwasbeingoppressed,hewasbeingoppressedbythewhiteman;wherethedarkmanwasbeingeXploited,hewasbeingeXploitedbythewhiteman.sotheygottogetherunderthisbasis-thattheyhadamonenemy. andwhenyouandihereindetroitandinmichiganandinamericawhohavebeenawakenedtodaylookaroundus,wetoorealizehereinamericaweallhaveamonenemy,whetherhesingeorgiaormichigan,whetherhesincaliforniaornewyork.hesthesameman:blueeyesandblondhairandpaleskin-sameman.sowhatwehavetodoiswhattheydid.theyagreedtostopquarrelingamongthemselves.anylittlespatthattheyhad,theydsettleitamongthemselves,gointoahuddle-dontlettheenemyknowthatyougotsicadisagreement. insteadofusairingourdifferencesinpublic,wehavetorealizewereallthesamefamily.andwhenyouhaveafamilysquabble,youdontgetoutonthesidewalk.ifyoudo,everybodycallsyouuncouth,unrefined,uncivilized,savage.ifyoudontmakeitathome,yousettleitathome;yougetinthecloset-argueitoutbehindcloseddoors.andthenwhenyoueoutonthestreet,youposeamonfront,aunitedfront.andthisiswhatweneedtodointhemunity,andinthecity,andinthestate.weneedtostopairingourdifferencesinfrontofthewhiteman.putthewhitemanoutofourmeetings,numberone,andthensitdownandtalkshopwitheachother.thatsallyougottado. iwouldliketomakeafewmentsconcerningthedifferencebetweentheblackrevolutionandthenegrorevolution.theresadifference.aretheyboththesame?andiftheyrenot,whatisthedifference?whatisthedifferencebetweenablackrevolutionandanegrorevolution?first,whatisarevolution?sometimesiminclinedtobelievethatma