人教版 八年级上册第一单元英语知识点.doc

人教版 八年级上册英语第一单元知识点和习题Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?词组stay at home待在家里 go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 quite a few相当多 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 study for为而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃 of course当然 have a good time玩得高兴 go shopping去购物feel like给的感觉；感受到 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为 one bowl of 一碗 the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地decide to do sth. 决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记去做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做呢？so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事词语辨析：1. 他anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.Eg: Areyougoing_tonight? Ithinkyoucanfindyourgirlfriend_.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a good idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He cannot decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin .1) 创办，开办： He started a new bookshop last month.2) 机器开动： I cant start my car.3) 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7.afew/few/alittle/little afew(少数的，几个，一些) alittle(一点儿，少量)表示肯定few(很少的，几乎没有的)little(很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词8.He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.9.none指人或物，强调数量，用howmany提问，常与of连用。 noone多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。语法1.一般过去时1）一般过去时的含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2）标志时间：yesterday,lastnight/week/month/year,threedaysago等过去时间的词。3）动词过去式的变化规则：构成规则原形过 去 式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed work play worked played结尾是e的动词加-d hope live hoped lived末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop trip stopped tripped结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“ i”再加-ed study worry studiedworried写出下列动词的过去式go _ stop _ visit _study_ do _ride_ take_ drive_ arrive_walk_ sleep _keep_ get_用下列括号中词的正确形式填空1.I _( like ) oranges when I was young(年轻的).But now I _(not like) them.2. My mother often _( stay) at home on Sundays, but last Sunday she _( not stay) at home ,she _(go) to the park.3.Wei Hua _ (have)a busy day yesterday.4.He _(visit) the Great Wall（长城） last year.5.We_(have) a good time yesterday.6.We often _(go) to school by bus last year.7.I _(live)in the village when I was a child.9.Mike_(see) a big tiger in the park last year.10.Sam_ (do) the housework yesterday.11._(do) you _(enjoy) yourself yesterday?12._(do)you _(play) the violin in the art room yesterday?No, I didnt. I_(draw)some pictures there.4)句型（1）含实义动词肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它.TomlivedintheUStwoyearsago.否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+其它.TomdidntliveintheUStwoyearsago.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？1) .Did you go to the beach last Saturday? 肯定回答：Yes,主语did.Yes,I did.否定回答：No,主语didnt.No,I didnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?WheredidTomliveintheUStwoyearsago?5）含be动词肯定句：主语+was/were+其它.Hewasaprimaryschoolstudentlastyear.否定句：主语+wasnt/werent+其它。Hewasntaprimaryschoolstudentlastyear.一般疑问句：was/were+主语+其它?Washeaprimaryschoolstudentlastyear?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？Whatwashelastyear?6）Where did you/he/she/they go ?是一般过去时的特殊问句，did是助动词，动词go用原型Eg: Where did you go on vacation?-I stayed at home ./ I went to Zhong Shan.2) . How was your vacation?How 是疑问副词，表示“如何；怎样。”Eg: How was the weather there?句型转换(改为一般疑问句)1. I went to Sanya last year. 2 Jim went out with his family last night.3. We fed some hens and some pigs in the countryside.4.Kate had something to do at school last week.5.They did something fun on the beach. 6. I bought something special for my mother.2.复合不定代词：（1）复合不定代词：something,anything,everything,nothing,someone,anyone,everyone,noone,somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere（2）形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置。somethingspecial某些特别的事情anyoneinteresting任何有趣的人anywherewarm任何温暖的地方（一）句型转换。1. We played football yesterday afternoon. (划线提问)_ _ you _ yesterday afternoon?2. My vacation was great. (划线提问) _ _ your vacation.3. I went to summer camp during my holiday. (划线提问)_ did you _ during your holiday?4. His sister had a party yesterday evening. (划线提问)_ _ his sister _ a party?5. I saw the math teacher in the office a moment ago. (改为一般疑问句)_ you _ the math teacher in the office a moment ago?6. The shops were too crowded. (划线提问) _ _ the shops?（二）选择题( )1.He helped me my lost book. A. foundB. find C. finding ( )2. We had great fun _ in the water. A. play B. to play C. plays D. playing( )3. Yesterday afternoon , we _to the park. A. went B. go C. goes D. goed ( )4. How were the people? -They _ unfriendly。 A. was B were C. are D. is( )5.She didnt _ me it . A. told B. tell C. telling D tells( )6 _ was the food in the restaurant? A. How many B. Why C. HowD. Where ( )7. Where _she _ on vacation? -She _ her uncle.A. did, go , visited B. does , go visited C. did , went , visited D. does , went , visit 单词anyone eniwn pron.任何人anywhere eniwe(r) adv.任何地方 n.任何(一个)地方wonderful wndfl adj.精彩的；极好的few fju adj.很少的；n.少量most mst adj.最多的;大多数的；something sm pron.某事物；nothing(=notanything) n pron.没有什么n.没有myself maself pron.我自己everyone evriwn pron.每人；人人yourself jself pron.你自己；你亲自hen hen n.母鸡；雌禽bored bd adj. 无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的pig n.猪diary dari n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary)seem sim vi.似乎；好像someone smwn pron.某人；有人quite a few 相当多；不少(后接可数名词)of course vks当然activity ktvti n. 活动；活跃decide dsad v. 决定；选定(decide to do sth.)try tra v. 尝试；设法；努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.)bird bd n.鸟；禽paragliding prlad n.空中滑翔跳伞bicycle baskl n.自行车building bildi n.建筑物trader tred n.商人；商船wonder wnd(r) v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑difference dfrns n.差异；不同top tp n.顶部；顶wait wet v.等；等待(wait for)umbrella mbrel n.伞；雨伞wet wet adj.湿的；雨天的below bilu prep.低于；在.下面adv.在下面as z conj.如同；像.一样enough inf adj.足够的adv.足够地；充分地duck dk n.鸭肉；鸭hungry(反full) hri adj.饥饿的；渴望的feel like(doing sth.)想要dislike dslak v.不喜欢；厌恶 n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感because of因为；由于have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快根据短文内容，从方框中选择适当的单词填空。because, crowded, delicious, weather, on, photos, boring, wereThe (1)_ was sunny and warm today. My parents and I went to Beijing (2)_ vacation. I was very happy, (3)_ it was my first trip to Beijing. First we went to Tianan Men Square. It was great. Then we went to the Palace Museum. I didnt have fun there. It was too (4)_ in it. After that we had lunch.The food was (5)_ and cheap. I liked it very much. In the afternoon we went to the Great Wall. There (6)_ many people there, but it wasnt (7)_. We took lots of (8)_ there. At five oclock, we went back to the hotel. We were tired but happy.阅读理解下面几位同学正在谈论他们的周末。Linda: I stayed at home and studied over weekend. I studied for my English test on Saturday. Yesterday I wrote a geography paper. In the evening I talked to my pen pal on the phone. What did you do?Tim: I had a good time. On Saturday morning I played tennis, in the afternoon I went to the beach, and in the evening I went to Nancys birthday party. On Sunday I went to the mountains with my friends. Mary: Oh, your weekend was great. But mine was boring. I stayed at home the whole weekend. I cleaned my room and washed my clothes. I helped my mother do some housework. Did you go out, Dave? Dave: No, I didnt. I stayed at home and watched TV on Saturday. Yesterday I watched a movie, Fearless. It was very exciting. ( ) 1. Tim went to the beach last weekend. ( )2. Dave washed the clothes and watched an exciting movie.( ) 3. Linda talked to her pen pal on the phone on Sunday night.( ) 4. Nancy had a birthday party on Saturday evening. ( ) 5. Marys weekend was great. She helped her mother with the housework.BMiss Lin took our class to Beijing Capital International Airport last Saturday. On the way to the airport, Chen Lin said to me, “My father is a businessman (商人). He often goes to the airport, but I never went there before.” Soon we got to the airport. It is big and beautiful. Miss Li, a worker at the airport, showed us around (带参观) the airport. She told us a lot about how the airport worked. There were many people at the check-in counter (登机手续办理处). There we even met Lin Zhiling. Lots of reporters were around her asking her questions. She told them she came to Beijing f