动名词.doc

动名词 齐鲁教育 6主语1. 动名词作主语，常表示概括性的或一般性的行为。Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.丢了自行车使玛丽心烦意乱。Its no use buying a lot of books without reading them.买许多书而不读是没有用的。2. 动名词的复合结构有“逻辑主语+动名词”构成，在句中作主语或宾语。I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 你今天下午回来，我将非常感激。动名词的复合结构作主语或宾语，而现在分词独立主格结构作状语。His being knocked down by a car worried us. 他被汽车撞倒令我们担心。She being absent from the meeting, we felt unhappy.因为他开会缺席，我们感到不高兴。不定式和动名词作主语时的区别：表示一次性的动作多用不定式，表示一般性、经常性的动作多用动名词。Smoking is a difficult habit to break.抽烟是难以改掉的一种习惯。It isnt good for to smoke so much today.你今天抽这么多烟不好。宾语1. I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time. 我很抱歉没能让你提前知道。2. 动名词作及物动词的宾语，而不用不定式，常用动名词作宾语（而不用不定式作宾语）的及物动词有: mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid 等。Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject.我们班长建议对这个题目进行讨论。3. 常见的跟动名词作宾语（而不用不定式作宾语）的短语动词有：give up, cant help, insist on, devote to, stick to, be fond of, set about, look forward to, depend on, feel like, be proud of, be used to, excuse sb. For, prevent sb. From, succeed in, pay attention to, get to 等。其中大多数为“动词+介词结构”We are all looking forward to visiting your country.我家门都盼着访问你们国家。4. Having broken a vase, the boy stood still without dare raise his head.因为打了一个花瓶，那个男孩静静地站在那儿，不敢抬头。5. 动名词可作形容词worth和busy 的宾语。Its worth reading a second time. 它值得再读一遍。试比较：This book is worth reading. This book is worthy of being read. This book is worthy to be read. 这本书值得读。6. 动名词作宾语带有补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将这正的宾语动名词短语后置。We found it no use doing like that. 我们认为那样做没有用。 动词不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：在begin, start, continue, afford, attempt, prefer, propose等动词后，用动词不定式或动名词无甚出入。The teacher said, “You begin writing now.” , and the children began to write.老实说：“你们现在开始写吧。”孩子们就开始写了。I prefer going/to go there this evening.我愿意今晚到那里去。在like, love, hate等动词后用不定式作宾语，常表一次性动作，用动名词作宾语常表习惯性动作，故其意义略有所不同。He likes swimming, but he doesnt like to swim today, because it is too cold.他喜欢游泳，但是今天他不喜欢游，因为天台冷了。在remember, forget, regret, mean, stop, try, go on 等动词后用动词不定式或动名词句意不同。有些东西后只能跟动词不定式，有些动词后只能跟动名词。表语1. 动名词作表语表示一般性、经常性的动作。His job is teaching physics.2.动名词作主语和表语应遵循对称原则，即：主语用动名词时，表语也用动名词Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.眼见为实。不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别： 不定式、动名词作表语具有名词性质，说明主语的内容。主语时名词时，表示一次性动作，表语多用不定式；表示一般性、经常性的动作，表语多用动名词。My job today is to water all the flowers in the garden.我今天的工作是给花园里的花浇水。My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。分词作表语具有形容词性质，说明主语的性质或特征。若主语与分词在逻辑上存在主动关系，用现在分词；若主语与分词之间存在被动关系，用过去分词。This computer game was interesting and the children were interested in ti.这种计算机游戏很有趣，孩子们对它很感兴趣。定语1.动名词作定语说明其所修饰名词的用途，而现在分词作定语则表示其所修饰名词的动作。There is a swimming pool at the back of the garden. 在花园的后面有一个游泳池。此句中a swimming pool=a pool for swimming,动名词swimming作定语，可以转换为“for”结构，说明其所修饰的用途。2. I like that dancing girl. 我喜欢那个跳舞的女孩。此句中a dancing girl=a girl who is dancing, 现在分词dancing 作定语，可以转换成定语从句，表示其所修饰名词的动作或状态。现在分词作定语与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。区别：1.动词不定式作定语多表示未来的动作I have a lot of things to do today.今天我有许多事要做。2.现在分词作定语表示进行的动作，且被修饰词是其在逻辑上的动作执行者。Who is the young man standing over there?站在那边的那个年轻人是谁？3.过去分词作定语表示发生在过去或没有一定的时间性动作，且被修饰词是其在逻辑上的动作承受者。Two hundred stolen bicycles were returned to their owners last month.上个月有两百量被盗的自行车还给了失主。4.动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途，且与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系。He bought a washing machine last month.他上个月卖了一台洗衣机。动名词和分词作宾语补足语的区别：1. 用过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.经理们讨论了这个计划，他们想看到这个计划下一年里得到实施。2. When he was decorating his house, he got the bedroom painted first.当他装修房子时候，他先把卧室粉刷了。3. 在ask, tell, order, force, permit, make, let等动词后要用不定式作宾补在feel, keep, get, set, leave, send等动词后则用现在分词作宾补。She felt her heart beating very fast.她感到心跳得很快。4. 在hear, see, watch, notice等感官动词后，用不定式表示动作全过程，而用现在分词表示动作正在进行中。I heard Susan sing in the room.我听见苏珊在房间里唱歌。I heard S