英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译.ppt

英汉翻译理论与技巧 之词汇翻译,The fact is that while without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. (Wilkins 1972:11) 翻译的基本单位不是词语这一层面，但是，透彻理解原文词语的含义并用准确的译文词语表达出来则是翻译的核心工作之一。,G. Leechs seven types of meaning in Semantics: conceptual meaning connotative meaning social meaning affective meaning reflected meaning collocative meaning thematic meaning,Newmark: The chief difficulties in translation are lexical, not grammatical, that is, words, collocation and fixed phrases or idioms; these include neologisms and “unfindable” words. Difficulties with words are of two kinds: a. you do not understand them; b. you find them hard to translate.,Diction,Diction means the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. Each word when used in a new context is a new word. Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for them.,Word-for-word Correspondence,Marxism = 马克思主义 Aspirin = 阿司匹林 H-beam = 工字梁 o-ring = 环形圈 u-steel = 槽钢 v-belt = 三角皮带 x-brace = 交叉支撑 y-curve = 叉形曲线,Words without Equivalents,Teenager Clock-watcher A throwaway society,1. Determine whether the meaning is commendatory, neutral or derogatory,(1) I am very reluctant to give up an ambition which I have cherished for over twenty years.