高考英语一轮复习基醇点聚焦Unit7TheSea北师大版.docx

Unit 7 The Sea话题：世界与环境(World and environment)1.release v释放，发出2.affect v.影响，侵袭3.haze n.雾霾4.reusable adj.可再使用的5.existence n.生存6.energy n.能量；精力7.pour v.倾倒8.harm v.对有害9.pollute v.污染10.threaten v.威胁11.totally adv.完全地12.effective adj.有效的13.destroy vt.破坏14.reduce vt.减少15.result in导致16.pay attention to注意17.take measures采取措施18.to make matters worse使事情更糟糕的是19.prevent.from.阻止20.form a habit of.养成的习惯1.If asked about the accident, youd better keep silent.如果被问到这次事故，你最好保持沉默。2.The reason for haze is air pollution, which results from waste gases released from cars, factories or construction sites. 雾霾的原因是空气污染，是由汽车、工厂和建筑工地释放的废气导致的。3.We should eat more fruit, from which we can get enough vitamins.我们应该多吃水果，从中能得到足够的维生素。(2017安徽马鞍山二中联考)假如你是李华，是校刊记者。请你为校刊写一篇英语短文，介绍最近在我国很多城市发生的雾霾(haze)天气。请参考以下要点：1危害；2原因；3如何自我防护。Recently haze pollution has happened in many cities of China. Many accidents have occurred due to low visibility caused by haze. It also affects our health. If breathing in haze, people may feel uncomfortable and get ill.The reason for haze is air pollution, which results from waste gases released from cars, factories or construction sites. We do need to protect ourselves from haze pollution. First of all, in case of haze pollution, neither should we open the windows nor take exercise before the sun rises and after sunset. Besides, wed better wear masks when we go outside. Whats more, we should eat more fruit, from which we can get enough vitamins to build up the resistance to diseases. 1actor n. 演员2actress n.女演员3writer n.作者，作家4spirit n.精神5explorer n.探险家6sailor n.水手，海员7voyage n.航海，航空8unknown adj.不知道的，未知的9journey n.旅行，旅程10length n.长度，长11centimetre n.厘米12horrible adj.可怕的；令人厌恶的13unable adj.不能的，不会的14stadium n.运动场，体育场15wildlife n.野生生物1participate vi.参加2sign n.手势；符号3hunt v.打猎，猎杀4collection n.收集，收取5ban vt.禁止6handle vt.对付7discount n.折扣，减价8trick n.戏法，把戏9float vi.漂，浮10escape vi.逃脱，逃跑11scream vi.(因恐惧、疼痛、兴奋等)尖声大叫12sink vi.下沉；沉没13opposite n.对立的人(物); 反义词14debate n.辩论，争论15local adj.当地的，地方性的1evaluate vt. 评估，评价evaluation n. 评价；评估2arrange vt. 安排，准备arrangement n. 安排3frightening adj. 令人惊恐的，骇人的frighten v. (使)惊恐frightened adj. 害怕的；受惊的4persuade vt. 说服，劝服persuasion n. 说服，劝说persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的5eventually adv. 最终，终于eventual adj. 最终发生的；结果的6apologise vi. 道歉apology n. 道歉7pollute vt. 使污染pollution n. 污染8present vt. 演示；讲演presentation n. 演示；展示9intelligence n. 智力，理解力intelligent adj. 有灵性的；聪明的10energetic adj. 有活力的energy n. 精力；活力11measure vi. vt. (长度、数量)为；测量measurement n. 尺寸；测量12terrify vt. 令人感到恐惧terrifying adj. 使人感到恐惧的terrified adj. 感到恐惧的13survive vi. 幸存，生存下来survival n. 幸存survivor n. 幸存者14discovery n. 发现discover vt. 发现15educate vt. 教育educator n. 教育工作者education n. 教育，培养educated adj. 受过教育的16recognise vt. 辨认出recognition n. 认出；承认17disagree vi. 不同意，意见不合disagreement n. 意见不合；不一致；分歧agree vi.同意(反义词)18attract vt. 吸引attraction n. 吸引人的地方attractive adj.有吸引力的用所给词的适当形式填空1Only four people survived in the accident.When the four survivors were interviewed，they said that their survival was a wonder.(survive)2The girl was frightened to see the frightening scene of the accident and she ran to another two frightened children.(frighten)3The young man was well educated and his parents are both educators and they received much education in a foreign country.(educate)4What happened that day terrified all the people living here.It was a terrifying moment and many people were still terrified at the thought of the scene.(terrify)5My plan is practical，but the manager disagrees to it.To my anger，there is also some disagreement among my colleagues. Only a few of them agree with me.(agree)1fill_out填写2set_sail启航3according_to根据，依照4get_into_trouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境5make_it_to到达6in_search_of寻找，寻求7make_a_living谋生8watch_out注意9all_at_once突然，忽然10pick_up取，接载11in_addition_to除之外(还有)12be_covered_with被覆盖13from_then_on从那时起14on_the_edge_of在边缘15in_the_direction_of_朝的方向选用上面的短语填空The young sailors 1.set_sail on a cold morning.They would go to an island 2.in_search_of some treasures.3.According_to their plan，they could reach there by September.However，they 4.got_into_trouble because of the bad weather one day.They tried their best to get over all the difficulties and 5.made_it_to the island at last.But when they stepped on the island，they found nothing but some big trees and stones.1“倍数as.as.”是表达倍数的常用句型Its three times as big underwater.【仿写】餐厅是厨房的两倍大。The diningroom is twice_as_big_as the kitchen.2形容词或副词的比较级与not，never，nothing等表示否定意义的词连用，表示最高级的含义You certainly wont find a noisier fish.【仿写】在我看来，世界上没有比长城更美的地方了。In my opinion, there is no_more_beautiful_place_than the Great Wall in the world.3独立主格结构One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands，our boat full of fish.【仿写】这个女演员肩上背着一个大包，来到了机场。The actress arrived at the airport，a_large_bag_on_her_shoulder4be doing.when.正在做这时Our boat survived，and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear，and screamed out the terrifying word “Whirlpool！”【仿写】不久前的一天，他正在田间散步，这时开始下大雨了。He was_walking_in_the_field_when it began to rain heavily the other day.定语从句；形容词与副词的比较级单句语法填空/句型转换1(2016全国卷乙)For this courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.2. I still remember the day when I first met my English teacher in my life.3After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.4I visited the old farm where my parents worked when they were young.5It is known that Betty is the most(much) careful student in our school.It is known that Betty is more(much) careful than any other student in our school.6My brother ran fastest(fast) in our village when he was young.My brother ran faster(fast) than anyone else in our village when he was young. participate vi.参加；参与(教材P4)I also want you to remember that you should all actively participate in the discussion.我同样想让你们记住，你们都应该积极地参加讨论。(1)participate with sb.in sth.与某人分担；同某人一起参与某事participate in sth./doing sth.参加(2)participant n.参加者；共享者participation n.参与；分担；共享 (2016江苏高考)From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. 从很小的时候起，他们就渴望帮助别人、分享信息和参与实现共同的目标。We would like to see more participation by young people.我们希望看到更多年轻人的参与。基础练习单句语法填空(1)(辽宁高考书面表达)All the students are expected to_participate(participate) in the event actively, which can not only inspire your imagination but also offer you a stage to show yourselves. (2)(2016江苏高考书面表达)Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation(participate) rules for people to obey. (3)All the participants(participate) in the debate will have an opportunity to speak.能力提升高考小作文(4)(2015全国卷书面表达)例如，美国人如何庆祝圣诞节和感恩节，在这些节日期间，他们吃什么，参加什么样的活动。For example, how Americans celebrate Christmas and Thanksgiving Day, what food they eat, and what_activities_they_participate_in_during_these_festivals arrange v筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列(经典例句)Mike arranged for this girl to show us around the museum that day.那天麦克安排这个女孩带领我们参观博物馆。(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事arrange for.to do sth.安排做某事arrange that.商定；安排(2)arrangement n.安排； 筹备make arrangements for为安排好 (福建高考)Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母为孩子准备好一切， 不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。 (辽宁高考)If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 pm next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements.若感兴趣， 请在下周四下午5点前到办公室签名， 以便于我们做些必要的安排。 基础练习单句语法填空(1)The company will arrange for a taxi to_meet(meet) you at the airport.(2)(2015湖北高考完成句子)Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements(arrange)能力提升高考小作文(3)(2015全国卷书面表达)我非常高兴地告诉你， 我的同学和我已安排好去参观敬老院。 Im pleased to tell you that my classmates and I have_arranged_a_visit_to_a_nursing_home signn符号，记号；迹象，征兆；手势；招牌，标志 v签署；示意，打手势(2016全国卷乙)In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.另一种用法是，亚洲文化的人们或许把沉默看作是尊敬的标志，特别是对一位老人或者有权威的人。(1)a sign of.的迹象/征兆/标志(2)sign (to sb.) to do sth.示意(某人)去做某事sign in签到sign out签退sign up/on (sb.)报名，注册，签约雇用(某人) He turned and gave a familiar thumbsup sign to the crowd.他转过身，向人群做了个常见的翘拇指的手势。Our monitor signed to us to stop talking before our headteacher came into the classroom.在班主任进入教室前，我们的班长向我们示意要停止说话。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Please sign in when you arrive at the building，and sign out when you leave.(2)Over half the people who signed up to do engineering were men.(3)The policeman signed to the woman to_stop(stop) crossing the road. persuade vt.说服，劝服(教材P8)He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.他说服了一些人跟他回格陵兰岛。(1)persuade sb.(not)to do sth.说服某人(不) 做某事persuade o/out of doing sth.说服某人(不) 做某事persuade sb.of sth./that.使某人信服(2)persuasion n.说服；劝服(3)persuasive adj.有说服力的Dont let yourself be persuaded into buying things you dont really want.不要被说服买你并不想要的东西。Advertisements persuade us that the newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.广告说服我们相信：新的更好，拥有最新的产品我们会更快乐。Neither my wife nor I am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。persuade sb.to do sth.强调说服的结果，即劝说成功；而try to persuade sb.to do sth.和advise sb.to do sth.强调说服的动作不知道结果如何。He tried to persuade me to give up smoking，but in vain.他尽力劝服我戒烟，但是没有用。基础练习单句语法填空(1)He is very stubborn.Seldom can he be_persuaded (persuade) to do whatever he dislikes.(2)Having_been_persuaded (persuade) to change my attitude, I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well.能力提升高考小作文(3)(2015浙江高考书面表达)我设法说服了我的同学接纳了我的想法。(persuade)I managed to persuade_my_classmates_to_accept_my_ideaI managed to persuade_my_classmates_into_accepting_my_idea apologise/apologize vi.道歉；辩白(经典例句)The young man kept apologizing to his girlfriend for his being late, but she refused to accept his apology.那位年轻人因迟到不停地向他的女朋友道歉，但她拒绝接受他的道歉。(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因为某事而向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉；谢罪offer/make an apology to sb.for sth. 因为某事而向某人道歉accept/refuse ones apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉owe sb.an apology 应该向某人道歉I think I should make an apology to you for what I said last night.我想我应该为昨晚我说的话向你道歉。It is your fault. Youd better apologize to her for your being rude.是你的错。你最好就你的无礼向她道歉。基础练习单句语法填空(1)I apologized to her for_my rudeness，but she refused to accept it.(2)I owe you an apology for the damage I have done to your bicycle.(3)I have to make an apology to_youIm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.能力提升高考小作文(4)(2016全国卷丙书面表达)因星期五下午不能与你一起去书店，我应该道歉。I should make_an_apology_for_being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.(5)(山东高考书面表达)我写信为没有及时给你回信表示道歉。 Im writing this letter to express/make_my_apology_to_you_for_not_writing_you_back in time.(apology)Im writing this letter to_apologize_to_you_for_not_writing_you_back in time.(apologize) ban vt.禁止n禁止，禁令(2016上海高考)Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion at some of the countrys busiest stations.在自动扶梯上禁止行走，这是在该国家的一些最繁忙的车站减少拥堵所设计的一系列措施的一部分。(1)ban doing sth.禁止(做)某事ban sb.from (doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事(2)a ban on sth.对的禁令 They signed agreements banning the use of chemical weapons.他们签署了禁止使用化学武器的协议。He was banned from driving for three months because of driving with no insurance.他因为没有保险行车而被禁止开车三个月。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)China began to ban smoking(smoke) in all the offices later that year.(2)In my opinion, the teachers and parents should ban them from playing such Internet games.(3)The President supported a global ban on nuclear testing. presentvt.讲演；演示；给予，赠送；提出；介绍，引见 n现在，目前；礼物 adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的(2016四川高考)His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.他的黑白图片呈现了一个几乎消失在时间长河里的世界。一词多义写出下列句中present的词性及含义(1)Im going to buy a wedding present for Mary.n.礼物(2)We do not have any information about the missing plane at the present time.adj.现在的(3)We are very pleased to be presented with this award.vt.授予(4)The film presented a disturbing image of youth culture.vt.展示(5)The manager was going on a trip with his family at present.n.现在(1) present sb.with sth.present sth.to sb.把某物赠给/交给某人(2) be present at.出席at the present timeat present现在，目前(3)for the present眼前；暂时 Guest speakers will present prizes to the students at the ceremony.演讲嘉宾将在典礼上给学生颁奖。It was useless talking about it any more，for the present at least.就此事再讨论毫无用处，至少目前如此。present用作形容词，表示“在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的”时，常作前置定语。基础练习单句语法填空(1)A lot of famous actors and actresses were present at their wedding ceremony.(2)It is said that the young couple are on a trip in Europe at present.(3)At the ceremony, the chairman presented the books to me.能力提升单句写作(4)由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝， 目前形势值得注意。With many wild animals gradually dying out, the_present_situation deserves paying attention to.(5)现在，越来越多的人喜欢中国新歌声。At_present,_more and more people are enjoying Sing ! China.(6)我要把自行车留下来，我暂时不需要它。Ill leave my bicycle behind. I dont need it for_the_presentEveryone present at the meeting presented their views and they were all presented with a beautiful present. attract vt.吸引；引起注意(2016四川高考)Even the youngest children in the class were attracted by the story. 甚至班里最小的孩子也被这个故事所吸引。(1)attract ones attention/mind吸引某人的注意力be attracted by.被吸引(2)attraction n.有趣的东西；吸引人的东西(3)attractive adj.有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的be attractive to对有吸引力 The Chinas Grand Parade in 2015 attracted great attention of the whole world.中国2015年盛大的阅兵式引起了全世界的极大关注。(2016全国卷乙语法填空)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction.但是对像我这样的游客来说，熊猫是最有吸引力的景色。基础练习单句语法填空(1)Attracted(attract) by the beauty of nature，the girl decided to spend another two days.(2)Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction(attract)能力提升句式升级We were attracted by the small village at the foot of the mountain.(3)What_attracted_us was the small village at the foot of the mountain.(what; attract)(4)What_was_attractive_to_us was the small village at the foot of the mountain.(what; attractive) measurevi. vt.测量；衡量；判定 n计量制；计量单位；措施(2016北京高考)Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now. 虽然这些措施不是永远有效，但是对现在来说是很重要的。(1)measure.by.用来衡量(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth.采取措施做某事make sth.to ones own measure为某人量身定做某物 Success isnt measured by how much money you have.成功与否不是用金钱来衡量的。They urged the government to take measures to fight against the haze.他们敦促政府采取措施来对抗雾霾。基础练习单句语法填空(1)Some villagers reported a huge snake, measuring(measure) over two metres long, was found dead in a nearby cave. (2)We appeal to the government to take measures to_prevent(prevent) the environment from bad to worse.能力提升高考小作文(3)(重庆高考写作)它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。The number of them is less than 1，000, so I hope you can take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them recognise/recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认；意识到(2016江苏高考)We recognized that Kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale. 我们意识到科特并不仅仅是想向我们进行推销。一词多义写出下列句中recognise的含义(1)You have changed so much that I can hardly recognise you.辨认出(2)He has not recognised the seriousness of the present situation.意识到(3)We recognise that there are some problems with the current system.承认(1)be recognised to be/as. 被认作/被认为是It is recognised that.人们公认(2)recognition n.认出；认识out of/beyond recognition认不出来 Sun Yang is recognised as one of the greatest players in China.孙杨被认为是中国最棒的运动员之一。The city has been built up so fast that its changed beyond recognition.这城市建设得真快，已看不出它原来的面貌了。基础练习单句语法填空(1)The famous actress is always wearing dark glasses to avoid recognition(recognize)(2)As is known to us, Tu Youyou is recognized as a famous scientist in medical field.能力提升单句写作(3)手机，现在广泛地被认为是必需品，对我们有很大的影响。Cellphones，which_are_now_universally_recognized_as a must，have_a_great_effect_on_us escapevi.逃脱，逃跑；被忘掉，被忽视n逃走，逃脱(经典例句)He thinks he will never escape hard work. 他想他永远逃避不了辛苦的工作。(1)escape doing sth. 逃避做某事escape from 从逃脱；逃避sth.escape(s) sb.某物被某人遗忘；未被注意(2)a narrow escape九死一生 (2016北京高考)Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.幸运的是，娜塔莉一家在这个城市的桥关闭之前不久逃到了布鲁克林。It seems to have escaped him that I was one of his old friends.好像他已经忘了我是他的一个老朋友了。注意下面两个短语的区别：escape from prison越狱(指从监狱中逃跑)escape prison 逃过牢狱之灾(指的是没有进过监狱，幸运地逃过了惩罚)基础练习单句语法填空(1)Last year I had a narrow escape，and I dont want to risk my life a second time.(2)It is known that whoever breaks the law wont escape being_punished/punishment(punish)!(3)The prisoners tried to escape from the prison, but failed.能力提升单句写作/句式升级(4)那个妇女设法带着孩子逃出了火场。The woman managed to escape_from the fire with her baby.(5)那个妇女既恐惧又疲惫。The woman was extremely terrified_and_exhausted.(6)用形容词作状语连接(4)(5)：The_woman_managed_to_escape_from_the_fire_with_her_baby,_extremely_terrified_and_exhausted. survivevt.比活得长；幸免于 vi.活下来；幸存；残留(2016天津高考)She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks. 她咳嗽、窒息，在最初几周里几乎活不下来了。(1)A survive B (by.)A比B活得长()survive on依