2012英语专业四级词汇辨析.ppt

2012专四易混淆词汇辨析,专四的易混淆词汇有两种：形近词近义词,deceive,perceive,receive,receipt,He_hisfriendsabouthisincome.Iaskedfora_.Shehas_thedanger.OurTV_wellsincewehadanewantennaputon.,deceive,perceive,receive,receiptDeceive:欺骗，蒙骗Hedeceivedhisfriendsabouthisincome.他在自己的收入问题上欺骗了朋友。Perceive：感觉，察觉，领悟Shehasperceivedthedanger.她已觉察到那危险了。Receive：收到，接待OurTVreceiveswellsincewehadanewantennaputon.自从安装了新天线以来,我们的电视接收良好。Receipt：收据，发票Iaskedforareceipt.我要一张发票。,consult,result,insult,The_wasquiteoppositetowhatwehadexpected.He_theworkerstounderstandthetechnicalprocess.Heturnedcrimsonunderthe_.,consult,result,insult,Consult：咨询，商议Heconsultedtheworkerstounderstandthetechnicalprocess.他询问工人,想了解技术上的程序。Result：结果，效果Theresultwasquiteoppositetowhatwehadexpected.结果和我们所期望的完全相反。Insult：侮辱,冒犯Heturnedcrimsonundertheinsults.他的脸因受到侮辱而涨得通红。,Deduce,reduce,reproduce,Rabbits_quickly.Onthebasisofevidencewe_thathewasguilty.Hewont_therentofourhouse.,Deduce,reduce,reproduce,Deduce:推论,演绎Onthebasisofevidencewededucedthathewasguilty.根据这些证据我们推断他是有罪的。Reduce：减少;降低Hewontreducetherentofourhouse.他不肯减少我们住房的租金。Reproduce：复制，繁殖Rabbitsreproducequickly.兔子繁殖速度很快。,compose,dispose,propose,They_tomakearrangementbeforehand.Thesetwelvemenarebelievedto_thejury.He_hisbooksontheshelves.,compose,dispose,propose,Compose：组成,构成,创作Thesetwelvemenarebelievedtocomposethejury.据信,陪审团是由这12人组成的。Dispose处理;布置Hedisposedhisbooksontheshelves.把书籍排列在书架上。Propose：提议，求婚Theyproposedtomakearrangementbeforehand.他们提议事先做好安排。,radius,radium,radiate,_canbeusedtotreatcancer.Hehasvisitedeveryshopwithina_oftwomiles.Thesun_lightandheat.,radius,radium,radiate,Radius:半径Hehasvisitedeveryshopwithinaradiusoftwomiles.周围两英里以内的店铺他都去过。Radium：化镭Radiumcanbeusedtotreatcancer.镭可以用来治疗癌症。Radiate：发射出(光、热等)，向四周伸出Thesunradiateslightandheat.太阳散发光和热。,assist,consist,resist,insist,persist,He_indesigningthenewbridge.Onthetopsofveryhighmountainssnow_throughouttheyear.Lackofpropernourishmentreducetheirpowerto_disease.Iwillhaveanotherglassifyou_.Auniversity_ofteachers,ministratorsandstudents.,assist,consist,resist,insist,persist,Assist:援助Heassistedindesigningthenewbridge.他协助设计那条新桥。consist：组成，构成Auniversityconsistsofteachers,administratorsandstudents.大学由教师,行政人员和学生组成。Resist：抵制，对抗Lackofpropernourishmentreducestheirpowertoresistdisease.营养不良降低了他们抵抗疾病的能力。Insist：坚持要求，坚持认为Iwillhaveanotherglassifyouinsist.你这样坚持我就再喝一杯。Persist：坚持，存留Onthetopsofveryhighmountainssnowpersiststhroughouttheyear.高山顶上,积雪终年不化。,Statue,status,Statue:雕像StatueofLiberty自由女神Status：地位、身份；情形、状况Agehasstatusinthevillages.在乡村里年长者受人尊敬。Weallareinterestedinthestatusofworldaffairs.我们都关心世界形势。,Affect,defect,effect,infect,Affect:影响Thetaxincreaseshaveaffectedusall.加税已经影响了我们所有的人。Defect:缺点、瑕疵Wemustcorrectourdefectsassoonaspossible.我们必须尽快纠正我们的缺点。Effect：效果、影响Whendoesthenewlawcomeintoeffect?新法律何时生效？Infect：感染、影响Maryshighspiritsinfectedallthegirlsintheclass.玛丽的兴致感染了全班的女孩。,Conserve,deserve,observe,preserve,Conserve:保护,保藏,保存Conserveyourenergy,youllneedit!保存你的精力,你会用得着的！Deserve:应受，值得Whatcrimehavetheycommittedtodeservesuchcruelty?他们犯了什么错，竟遭如此惩罚？Observe：观察，研究；遵循Heobservescarefullybutsayslittle.他总是仔细观察,很少说话。Preserve：保护；维持Wemustpreserveournaturalresources.我们必须保护自然资源。,transport,transform,transaction,Abus_usfromtheairporttothecity.Thesofacan_foruseasabed.Buyingahouseisanimportant_formostpeople.,transport,transform,transaction,Transport：运输，运送Abustransportedusfromtheairporttothecity.一辆公共汽车把我们从飞机场送到城里。Transform：改变，变形Thesofacantransformforuseasabed.这个沙发可改作床用。Transaction：交易；办理Buyingahouseisanimportanttransactionformostpeople.买房子对大多数人来讲都是件重要的事。,Explore:探索，勘察Wemustexploreallthepossibilities.我们必须探讨所有的可能性。Exploit：剥削，开发，利用Weshallexploitourrichresourcetoexpandtheeconomy.我们应该利用我们丰富的资源发展经济。,Comprehensive：综合的，全面的Wehavearathercomprehensivesubwaysystemhere.我们这儿有相当广泛的地铁系统。Comprehension：理解（力）Itsquitepastmycomprehension.这件事已远超出我的理解力了。,spontaneous,simultaneous,Weneeda_interpreter.Tobethoroughlyenjoyed,readingmustbeentirely_.,spontaneous,simultaneous,Spontaneous:自发的，无意识的Tobethoroughlyenjoyed,readingmustbeentirelyspontaneous.一个人读书必须出其自然，才能够彻底享受读书的乐趣。Simultaneous：同时发生的Weneedasimultaneousinterpreter.我们需要一个同声翻译。,Record,accord,cordial,Theycametoan_thatprofitsshouldbesharedequally.Some_ofancientcivilizationwerediscoveredrecently.Thebanquetwasfullof_andfriendlyatmosphere.Yourviewsarenotin_withmine.,Record,accord,cordial,Record:记录Somerecordsofancientcivilizationwerediscoveredrecently.最近发现了一些古代文明的记录。Accord:n.一致，符合Yourviewsarenotinaccordwithmine.你的观点与我的不一致。Theycametoanaccordthatprofitsshouldbesharedequally.他们达成协议,收益由大家均分。Cordial：热诚的，友好的Thebanquetwasfullofcordialandfriendlyatmosphere.宴会始终充满亲切友好的气氛,scare,sacred,scarce,scare：v.恐吓；adj.吓人的Wellscareheroutoftellingthepolice.我们要把她吓得不敢报警。sacred神圣的，不可冒犯的InAfricathesnakeisstillsacredwithmanytribes.非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。scarce缺乏的Thefoodwasscarceduringthewar.战争期间食物短缺。,reject拒绝inject注射reflect反射，反映eject逐出，弹出Thepatronofthebarwasejectedforcreatingadisturbance.酒吧客人因制造骚乱而被驱离。inflect弯曲,转向Byinflectthevoicemoreonecanholdtheattentionofanaudience.讲话声音有些抑扬变化可以吸引住听众的注意力。,Instinct,distinct,extinct,instinct本能Thesightofthehopelesslittleboyarousedhermaternalinstincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。distinct清楚的，截然不同的Thepartysplitintotwodistinctgroups.该党分裂成两个截然不同的团体。extinct灭绝的，消逝的Nothingcouldrekindleherextinctpassion.她激情已逝,无从心回意转。,adapt,adopt,adept,adapt是动词，其意为“改编，改变以适应”。Alllifeisaboutchangeyoueitheradaptordie.生命在于变化要么适应要么死亡。adopt也是动词，其意为“收养，采纳，采用”。Theresolutionwasadoptedbyanoverwhelmingmajority.决议以压倒多数通过。adept是形容词，其意为“擅长的，有技巧的”。Unfortunately,Iammoreadeptatspendingmoneythanmakingit.不幸的是，我花钱的本事远远大于我挣钱的本事,altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude,altitude高度,海拔(analtitudeof20,000metersabovesealevel海拔20,000米）aptitude才能,智力,倾向,习性attitude态度,看法latitude纬度(longitude经度),Valid,vain,vacant,vague,valid有效的，有充分根据的。Thecontractisvalidforsixmonths.vain无益的，徒然的，自负的。Shemadeavainattempttopersuadehimtocomeback.vacant空的，未被占用的，空虚的。Heappliedforavacantposition.vague不清楚的，含糊的，茫然的。Ihaventgotthevaguestideaofwhattheywant.,专四的易混淆词汇有两种：形近词近义词,声称，断定,assert“宣称，坚持”，指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称claim“声称，主张”，往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点，或指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张allege“宣称，断定”，指在无真实凭据情况下宣称affirm“断言，肯定”，指根据事实坚信不移地宣称，而且有可靠证据，任何时候都不动摇,成就,achievement指需要勇气和努力才能完成的异常危险和困难的事，其结果令人佩服；accomplishment指需要学问或付出一定劳动后才能且已经完成的或做好了的事；feat“功绩，技艺，壮举”，指需要极大的勇气、智慧和力量或技术获得的成就，这一成就受人瞩目和佩服；,抛弃，放弃,desert强调“违背允诺、誓言或责任”，尤其指“背叛、擅离职守”。abandon指完全、永远地放弃，尤其指以前其负有责任或义务者，或者放弃一个项目或计划。forsake指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物，着重于断绝情感上的依恋quit强调突然或出其不意的放弃，一般指“停止”giveup多用于口头，表示停止做某.,Atfourteenherunaway,_1_hishomeandfriend.He_2_hiswifeandwentawaywithalltheirmoney.Theforthadbeenhurriedly_3_.Youmust_4_smoking,oryouwontsurvive.Onefriendofminehasdecidedto_5_hishighly-paidbutdemandingpositioninhiscompanyrecently.1.forsake2.abandoned3.desert4.giveup5.quit,废除，取消,abolish指完全消除某项旧制度、法律或旧风俗等cancel指某人因某种意想不到的原因而临时取消事前所决定的事eliminate指淘汰或取消不需要的东西TheflighttoTokyois_1_becauseofthestorm.Wemust_2_unnecessaryexpense.PresidentLincolnworkedto_3_slavery.1.cancelled2.eliminate3.abolish,准确，精确,exact确切的，精确的，指数量或质量完全符合事实、真理或标准，没有丝毫差错correct正确的，指合乎一定的标准或规矩，没有错误precise精密的，指具有高度的精确性和准确性accurate准确的，精确的，可指指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入。,_1_dressforsomeceremoniesisnecessaryforthosewhoalwaysattendthem.Isyourwatch_2_?Isupposeits10minutesslow.Keepthis_3_instrumentawayfrominsolation（暴晒）andaquosity（潮湿）.Icanttellyouthe_4_date,butitshouldbearoundOct.201.correct2.accurate3.precise4.exact,dismiss-endtheemploymentorserviceof;allowtoleave:bedismissedfromschoolservice/classdischarge-release,asfromconfinement,care,orduty:dischargeapatient;dischargeasoldier;bedischargedfromhospitalmilitaryservice/fromprison/officeexpel-forcetoleave;depriveofmembership:beexpelledfromacountryschoolresign-giveup(aposition,forexample),especiallybyformalnotification:resignfromcabinetcommittee,range,reach,scope,compass,scale,这是一组表示“范围”的名词，其侧重点各有不同。range代表的是一个可以测量的范围，在这个范围内包括一系列可变化的数量。range还特指视力、听力所能达到的距离和枪炮的射程。reach特指伸手可达到的距离或非常近的距离，其比喻含义指能力、权力、影响等可达到的范围。scope指人们所处理、研究的事物的“范围”以及所掌握、控制的“面积”。scope的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的宽度，即“眼界，见识”。compass在意义上与scope相同，是正式用语，表示活动、兴趣、能力的“界限，范围”。scale特指刻度、标度的范围，也指品级、级别的规模和大小的范围：,Thebirdnowcamewithinmyrangeofvision.那只小鸟飞入了我的视野。Keepthepillsoutofthereachofthechildren!把药放到孩子们够不到的地方!IsRomanticisminthescopeofyourbook?你的书涉及到浪漫主义吗?Constructionisnotwithinthecompassofthedepartment.工程建设不属这个部门管辖。Thisthermometerhastwoscalesmarkedonit,oneinFahrenheitandtheotherinCentigrade.温度计上有两种刻度，一种是华氏，另一种是摄氏。,edge,border,rim,verge,这组词皆有“边，边缘”之意。edge通常指某物一边的边线、两个平面的交界线以及各种界线，其引申含义表示两个处于不同性质或状态之间的明显界线，特指处在不利状态下的边缘。border意为“边界，边境，国境”，也可以指装饰周边的“边”。rim意思是“边，边缘”，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。verge特指道路、花坛等长着草的“边缘”。Onthevergeof濒临于；接近于,Thisisthenorthedgeofthefield.这是这块地的北边线。Theplaneflewacrosstheborder.飞机飞越了边境。Hewearsapairofspectacleswithgoldrims.他戴一副金丝边眼镜。Shewasonthevergeofspeakingoutthesecret.她差点儿把秘密说出来。,恼怒,annoy指由于被迫忍受某种不愉快甚至讨厌的事情而失去耐心或沉着(beannoyedat/bysth.beannoyedwithsb.对某人/某事很生气)furious狂怒的(befuriouswithsb.befuriousat/aboutsth对某人/某事大发雷霆)indignant强调的是愤怒,愤慨,愤愤不平ir