高中英语Unit8AdventurePeriodSix课堂讲义北师大版.docx

Period SixGrammar & Writing一、状态动词与动作动词在英语动词当中，有些动词表示动作，我们把它们称为动作动词；有些动词表示状态，我们把这类动词叫做状态动词。第一类动词可用于一般时态和进行时态，而第二类动词一般不用于进行时态。He gets up at six every morning.他每天早晨六点钟起床。(动作) He is getting up now.他现在正在起床。(动作)It seems that you are right.似乎你是对的。(状态) 1有些动词既可表示动作，也可表示状态，但在意义上有区别。He has two elder brothers and a younger sister.他有两个哥哥和一个妹妹。(状态)He is having his breakfast.他正在吃早饭。(动作)They are holding a meeting.他们正在开会。(动作) The barrel holds two gallons.这个桶能装两加仑。(状态) She is holding a large box.她提着一只大箱子。(动作)I still hold that his idea is wrong.我仍然认为他的观点是错的。(状态)People are lying on the beach.人们躺在海滩上。(动作)The city lies on the coast.这座城市位于海岸边。(状态)常用的表示状态的动词有：mean，seem，concern，hate，dislike，detest(厌恶、憎恨)，surprise，major(主修)，contain，hold，matter，depend，resemble(像，类似)，guess，suppose，imagine，own，deserve(应受，值得)，admire，adore(崇拜，爱慕)，appear，be，believe，consist，desire(期望，希望)，despair，doubt，envy，exist，feel，fit，forget，have，hear，hope，impress(留下印象)，include，involve(包括，使陷于)，keep，know，lack，last，like，love，need，owe(感激，把归功于)，please，possess(拥有)，prefer，prove，realize，recognize，remember，require，satisfy(满足)，seat，see，smell，sound，suspect(怀疑，猜想)，think，understand，wish等。What do you mean?你是什么意思？We hate such people.我们讨厌这样的人。All this surprises me.这一切使我吃惊。She majors in English.她主修英语。The box contains a necklace.盒子里有一条项链。Your age doesnt matter.你的年龄没有关系。It depends on the weather.这要看天气如何。Jim resembles his sister.吉姆长得像他姐姐。I guess thats the only solution.我想这是唯一的解决办法。We own the house.这是我们的房子。I dont deserve the honor.我不配得到这个荣誉。 2有一些动词表示一个极为短暂的动作，也可用于一般现在时。I declare this exhibition open.我宣布展览会开幕。Its a lovely place.I agree.这是一个招人喜欢的地方。我同意。The Bible says love of money is the root of all evil.圣经说爱财是万恶之源。I advise you to withdraw.我劝你退出。I promise you that I will be there.我答应你我会去。This，I admit，is my favorite activity.我承认这是我最喜欢的活动。With this letter I enclose a photograph.随信附上一张照片。I flatly refuse to do what you say.我断然拒绝做你说的事。I regret my ignorance on the subject.我为我对这个问题的忽视感到后悔。3有少数表示极为短暂的动作动词，可用于进行时态，表示反复做某个动作或“即将”。He is jumping up and down.他上蹿下跳。John is nodding his head.约翰频频点头。Why is she blinking her eyes?她为什么老眨眼睛？ The train is arriving.火车即将到达。The old man is dying.老人生命垂危。4动词be有时用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。 Im being serious.我是说正经的。I know Im being selfish.我知道我这样做是自私的。He is being terribly friendly to us.他对我们表现得友好之极。高考链接1.用所给动词的正确形式填空1Jack was working(work) in the lab when the power cut occured.(2016北京)2Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.(2016全国)3Then，after two and a half years，the mother drove(drive) the young panda away.(2016四川) 4.Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I had left(leave) my book in the cafe.(2015安徽)5Is Peter coming?No，he changed(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.(2015重庆)6Havent seen you for ages！Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and stayed(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.(2014福建)7Youd better write down her phone number before you forget(forget) it.(2014重庆)8James has just arrived，but I didnt know he was coming(come) until yesterday.(2014重庆)9I was coming(come) to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.(2013江西)10. We were leaving(leave) very early so we packed the night before.(2013新课标全国)11A Midsummer Nights Dream opens(open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June.and then tours throughout Scotland.(2013重庆)12Alvin，are you coming with us?Id love to，but something unexpected has come(come) up.(2012浙江)13Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running(run) out.We must act immediately before theres none left.(2012重庆).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.(2016全国，短文改错)chosechoose2I thought that it is a good idea.(2016全国，短文改错)thoughtthink3While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit on the top of the fridge.(2016浙江)chatchatted4A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(2015全国，短文改错)tellingtold5My dream school look like a big garden.(2014新课标全国，短文改错)looklooks6Do you want to know why we move last week？(2013浙江，短文改错)movemoved7I was only four when she passes away.(2013新课标全国，短文改错)passespassed8Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.(2012大纲全国，短文改错)seemedseems二、定语从句()1限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。The foreigner who/that visited our school is Toms English teacher.参观我们学校的这个外国人是汤姆的英语老师。 2非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，起补充附带说明的作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。 He is American，which I know from his accent.他是美国人，那是我从他的口音上知道的。使用非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题：(1)非限制性定语从句不可用that引导，而要用which，who，whom，whose，when，where等词引导。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的引导词不可省略。(3)关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句一般可以互换使用，但as从句的位置比较灵活，可放在主句之前、之中或之后，且从句的谓语动词多为see，say，know，expect等；which引导的非限性定语从句只能位于主句之后。当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。另外，as从句多为肯定句，主句也多为肯定句；否则多用which从句。He is honest，as we expected.他是诚实的，正像我们期望的那样。He isnt honest，which we expected.他不诚实，我们已经预料到了。3限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)作用不同 限制性定语从句用来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附和、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍很完整。His brother who lives in London will go to America next week.他住在伦敦的哥哥下周将去美国。(限制性定语从句，意思是他可能还有别的哥哥。) His brother，who lives in London，will go to America next week.他的哥哥住在伦敦，下周将去美国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起到补充说明的作用，言外之意是他只有一个哥哥。) (2)形式不同 限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句常用逗号隔开从句和主句。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.正在和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。The project，which lasted three years，cost 1 billion.这项工程历时三年，耗资十亿美元。(3)先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。(先行词是film)The film is very interesting，which makes me very glad.这部电影很有意思，这让我很高兴。(which指代前面主句的内容)(4)关系词的使用情况有所不同 that不用于引导非限制性定语从句I didnt pass the exam，which disappointed my teacher.我没有通过考试，这让我的老师很失望。关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。This is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre.这是我在剧院遇到的那个男孩。A young man had a new girlfriend，whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。This is a good film(which/that) I saw a few days ago.这是我几天前刚看过的一部好影片。The summer holiday，which were looking forward to，is drawing near.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(5)翻译不同含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。She has a brother who works in a hospital.她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。She has a brother，who works in a hospital.她有一个哥哥在医院工作。高考链接2.用适当的关系词填空1But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016全国)2Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.(2016浙江)3I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京)4We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.(2016天津)5Opposite is St.Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京)6It is a truly delightful place，which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015湖南)7The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏)8The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2015四川)9China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建)10Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.(2014重庆)11A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014山东)12Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.(2014四川)13Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陕西)14There is no simple answer，as is often the case in science.(2013山东).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.(2016四川，短文改错)whatwhich/that/删除what2Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国，短文改错)thatwhich3It turned out to be her own cup，that shed left on the shelf by mistake.(2010陕西，短文改错)4One day I saw a secondhand bicycle，that was only one hundred yuan.(2009辽宁，短文改错)thatwhich.用所给词的正确形式填空1The room is very big and it can hold(hold) 50 people.2The girl resembles(resemble) her father in her look.3He was having(have) breakfast when I came in.4The manager is considering(consider) going abroad now.5Her experience doesnt apply(not，apply) to you and you had better think it over.用适当的关系词填空1Maria has written two novels，both of which have been made into television series.2. A lot of language learning，as has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.3Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，who, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.4When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.5It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised us all.6The book is very interesting as most readers say.7We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.8Last month，part of southeast，Asia was struck by floods，from whose effects the people are still suffering.完成句子1他开会时总保持沉默。He always keeps silent at the meeting.2玛丽天天写日记。Mary keeps a diary every day.3这房间有五米宽。The room measures five metres across.4我们测量了距离。We measured the distance.5这种布手感很软。This kind of cloth feels very soft.6他摸摸布看看它的质量。He felt the cloth to see its quality.7她没多长时间就富了。She grew rich within a short time.8稻子生长在气候温暖的地区。Rice grows in warm climates.9我妈妈尝了尝汤，露出了满意的微笑。My mother tasted the soup and wore a satisfied smile.10这药有苦味。The medicine tastes bitter.【文体指导】说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下：第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称；第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各个要点以完整的句子表达出来；第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。使用过渡性词必须根据上下文需要的原则，力求自然，决不可牵强附会，让人感觉别扭；第四步：归纳结尾，对文章的主题作归纳总结，往往与开头部分前后呼应，从而使文章的结构趋于完整。1人物介绍简要地介绍某个人的情况，叫作人物介绍。随着社会的发展，人们对信息的输出和输入愈来愈重视。在学习、工作和生活中，常要介绍自己、推销自己或宣传他人，都要作人物介绍。写人物介绍，首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据目的需要选取内容，简明扼要而且突出重点地介绍，力求真实准确、恰如其分。人物介绍一般包括以下几点：(1)出生年月(2)主要经历(3)事迹成就(4)影响、评价叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从外形到性格，从一般经历到创造性的贡献，最后常有结论性的评语。2事物、地点介绍当我们对某个事物的性质、状态、特点、成因、功能和用途等作介绍时或当我们把某一地点介绍给别人时写出来的文字材料就叫作事物、地点介绍。对于地点的介绍，常采用地点的空间方位作为介绍的顺序。它能把复杂的地理位置通过分层说明，详尽而有条理地解说清楚，给读者一个具体清晰的印象。根据说明地点的结构特点，介绍顺序一般有定位观察顺序和移位观察顺序。(1)定位观察顺序先确定一个固定的观察点，然后或上或下，或左或右，或远或近，按合理的顺序，从不同的方位、角度介绍说明地点。(2)移位观察顺序一般按作者的浏览顺序，依次设立一个个观察点，逐步逐层对介绍的地点进行介绍。【常用句式】1It is located/situated in.2It lies between.and.3In front of it is.，with.4On its left.，and on its right.5Turning to the left，you will see.6Walking past.，the building that appears in front of you is.7Opposite to the.stands.8The door on your left leads you to.【写作任务】一家远足营地(Adventure Hiking)准备组织一次冒险远足旅行，并希望在互联网上进行宣传。请你用英语为其写一篇100词左右的宣传册。主要内容应包括：1本次远足活动是为喜欢冒险和远足的人士组织的；2远足要穿过一个大沙漠以考验参加者的体力和耐力；3远足将体验激烈漂流活动；4远足将爬5 000米的高山并可能遇到一些野生动物；5远足组织者将提供良好的食宿并要求参加者携带轻而有用的行李；6欲参加者请致电04508899432或email至.AH。【审题谋篇】第一步明确要求该写作是对一次远足进行描述，属于说明文写作范畴，可以以第二人称为主；叙述活动内容时可以用一般将来时时态。第二步确定段落本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手： Para.1：首先对远足营地进行描述；Para.2：对活动内容进行详细描写；Para.3：再次对远足营地的优势以及远足给你带来的益处进行阐述；Para.4：给出具体的联系方式。第三步词汇热身1去远足go hiking2可供选择的活动optional action3体力和耐力strength and patience4最大海拔高度为with a maximum altitude of5野外生存survive in the wild第四步扩点成句1你们将体验令人兴奋的水上漂流，你将获得你从未有过的经历。(一般表达)You will experience the excited whitewater rafting.You will gain the experience you have never got.(高级表达)Experience the excited whitewater rafting and youll gain the experience you have never got.2我们提供良好的食宿，不用担心远足后休息的地方。(一般表达)Have good accommodation at our camp.Dont be anxious about your rest place after the hiking.(高级表达)Have good accommodation at our camp so dont be anxious about your rest place after the hiking.3因为我是一名学生，我想知道给学生的价格。(一般表达)Because I am a student，Id like to know the price for students.(高级表达) Being a student，Id like to know the price for students.【连句成篇】Adventure HikingIf you like both going hiking and adventure，Adventure Hiking is the organization for you.It is the best hiking for those who like adventure.During the hiking，well have the following optional actions for you.Walk through a big desert to test your strength and patience.Experience the excited whitewater rafting and youll gain the experience you have never got.Climb a high mountain with a maximum altitude of 5,000 metres and perhaps youll meet some wild animals.Have good accommodation at our camp so dont be anxious about your rest place after the hiking.Take your own luggage with you.The things in it should be useful but light.Adventure Hiking is the best hiking to have your adventure and were the only hiking for adventure in our country to offer you the skills to survive in the wild.Youll have much fun during the adventure hiking.Call us today on 04508899432 or email us at .AH.【亮点点评】本文能够根据要求进行写作，表达合理地道，内容充实；合理使用了定语从句、祈使句、and连接的并列句等复杂的句式结构，使得文章表达更加流畅，更加连贯；同时使用了optional，survive等高级词汇，给文章增色不少。.单元语法A)用所给动词的正确形式填空1You are feeling(feel) tired.2You are thinking(think) about how far there is to go.3It looks(look) great.4The food cooking on the fire smells(smell) great and while you are having(have) a hot cup of tea，you relax and watch(watch) the sun go down.5At dinner，the food tastes(taste) fantastic.B)用适当的关系词填空6As is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress.7Your claim ought to succeed，in which case the damages will be substantial.8The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago.9Which is the Asian country whose economy is growing fastest?10The way that he used to deal with that guy was beyond my imagination.阅读理解Nickname：Hawaiis Island of AdventureSize：4,028 square milesPopulation：148,677.The most heavily populated areas are Hilo on the east side and KailuaKona on the west.Temperature：Averages between 71F and 77F year around.Beaches：47Golf Courses：20 Highest Peak：Mauna Kea,13,796 feetAgriculture：The bulk of Hawaiis farming products are grown and processed on the Big Island，including coffee macadamia nuts and papaya.Lodging：9,655 rooms total; nightly rates range from 355,000.Airports：Hilo International Airport on the east side and Kona International Airport on the west side.Rental Cars：All of the nationally known rental car companies have locations at Hilo International and Kona International Airports as well as many resorts.In addition，Hilo，Kona and the major resort areas are serviced by taxis.Resources：Call (800) 6482441 to order a video，poster，brochures and maps from the Big Island Visitors Bureau.See for updated information.Shopping：The large shopping centers are in Hilo，Kona，Waimea and the Kohala Coast.11The passage is written for .Astudents BbusinessCtourists Dimmigrants答案C解析读者对象题。根据文章大意可知，这篇文章主要介绍了夏威夷冒险岛上的交通设施(airports，rental cars)、住宿(Lodging)和游乐地点，所以这篇文章是为游客写的，故选C。12The average population per square mile on the island is about .A28 B32C37 D44答案C解析数字计算题。根据文中的“Size：4,028 square miles，Population：148,677.”可计算出平均每平方公里人口数大约是37。故选C。13Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a traffic means to get around the Big Island?ABy train. BBy air.CBy rental cars. DBy taxi.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文中的“All of the nationally known rental car companies have locations at Hilo International and Kona International Airports as well as many resorts.In addition，Hilo，Kona and the major resort areas are serviced by taxis.”可知汽车、出租车、飞机都是岛上可用的交通方式，而没有提到火车，故选A。14What can we infer from the passage?AYou can see for updated information.BYou can call (800) 6482441 to order some food.CYou can find some courts to play tennis on the island.DYou may pay a high price for spending one night on the island.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文中的“Lodging：9,655 rooms total; nightly rates range from 355,000.”可知，有可能住宿一晚要花费很高的金额，故选D。本题易误选A项。由题干中的infer可知是选择从文中“推断”出的信息，而A项是Resources中直接给出的信息。.七选五Although the price of the ticket to Disney World is high，lots of visitors are willing to visit it.In Disney World，you can speak to Disney characters，sing with them and even eat with them. 15 Book tickets in advance. 16 If you buy tickets in advance，you wont have to wait long at the ticket office.Get there early.Youd better get there early so that you can get on your favorite rides before it gets too crowded.Free water.Maybe it sounds silly，but any of the drink stands will gladly pour you a big cup of ice water for free.Pay for your dinner. 17 The money you will pay depends on which character you would like to choose.Dont miss the chance to meet your favorite characters.If your kids love meeting characters，check their routes carefully.In Disney World，you can find a map showing where they are. 18 19 You can park your car for free.It means that you dont need to pay any money for parking your car.AFree parking.BGo home late.CHere are some tips for visiting the Disney World.DYou can play football there.EYou can buy tickets online or at a Disney store.FIts an easy way to find your favorite character.GYou need to pay for the dinner you eat with Disney characters.答案15.C16.E17.G18.F19.A.语法填空Doing exercise every day and