倒装与省略.doc

倒装与省略一、 基础知识构建倒装谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语这前。（一）完全倒装完全倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。常见的情况有：1. 表示方向或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首, 如here, there, away，down, in, up, off, out, on the wall，round the corner等，用以强调或表达生动。1) Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。2) There goes the bell. 铃响了。3) Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出来。4) In came the boy. 那个男孩进来了。5) West of the lake lies the famous city . 这个名城位于湖的西面。6) On the hill stood a great castle. 山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。*上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则主语和谓语的语序不变。7) Here it is. 给你。8) Away he went. 他走了。2. 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时也用倒装。9)“What does the word mean?” asked the boy. “这个词是什么意思？”男孩问道。3. such 置于句首。10) Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这就是事实，无人能否定。（二）部分倒装部分倒装是只把谓语的一部分（借助助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前。常见的情况有：1 only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时置于句首。11) Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 只有到那个时候他才意识到他错了。12) Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有用这种方法我们才能解决问题。* only 修饰主语时句子不倒装。13) Only he can answer the question. 只有他能回答这个问题。2 含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly, never, little, not, seldom, nor，no longer, not until, hardly when, no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, in no time等。14) Not a single mistake did he make.他没有出一个错误。15) Never shall I forget it. 我永远忘不了这事。16) Hardly had I gone out when it began to rain. 我一出去就开始下雨了。* 倒装主句部分。17) Not until he came back did I leave. 直到他回来我才离开。3 so that和such that 句型中so , such 置于句首。* 倒装主句。18) So busy is he that he cant attend the concert. 他是太忙了以至于不能参加音乐会。19) Such a fine day is it that wed like to play outside. 天气这么好，我们想去外面玩。4 as 引导让步状语从句20) Child as he is, he was very brave. 尽管他是个孩子，但他十分勇敢。21) Much as I like this book, I like others much better. 尽管我非常喜欢这本书，但我更喜欢其他的。* though引导让步状语从句也可以这样倒装。5 句型so/neither/nor + be (have, 助动词或情态动词)+ 主语，so/neither/nor 置句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）,肯定句用so, 否定句用neither/nor。22) I saw the film last week. So did she. 上星期我看了这部电影，她也看了。23) He hasnt been to Shanghai. Neither/Nor have I. 他没去过上海，我也没去过。*若对同一人或事的情况表示肯定或认可不用倒装。24) - What fine weather today! 今天天气多好啊！- So it is. 的确不错。6表示祝愿的祈使句。25) Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！26)May you succeed! 祝你成功！省略1 do, does, did 等代替动词避免重复。27) She speaks English better than he does.28)-Shall I wake you up tomorrow?-Yes, please do.2. 用so 和 not 替代以避免重复, 常用此结构的动词或词组有 hope, think, be afraid, believe, tell, expect, suppose, guess, imagine等。29)-Will he come back soon? 他将很快回来吗？-I am afraid so./ I am afraid not.估计是。恐怕不会。3. 不定式省略时保留到不定式符号to, 代替动词不定式后被省略的。(1) 动词expect, intend, mean, want, refuse, try, wish等后面。30) I asked him to the party, but he didnt want to.(2) 形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后。31)- Will you join in the game?你参加比赛吗？- Id be glad to.我很高兴去。(3) 否定形式的省略用not to。32)- Do you want to give a talk on this subject?- I prefer not to.(4) 如果不定式里含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have 和have been。33) China is no longer what it used to be. 中国再不是她过去那样了。34)-He hasnt finished yet. 他还没完成。-Well, he ought to have.他本应该完成了。4在含有状语从句的复合句中。由when，while，as, once, whenever, if，unless, though，although，even if , even though，as though，as if, as等引导的状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。35) When（water is）heated, water is turned into vapor. 水加热时变成气体。36) He made up his mind to finish the experiment whether (it was) difficult or not. 无论这个实验难与否，她都下定决心要做完。5在限定性定语从句中。 作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same. as和such. as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which。37) This is one of the best film (that) Ive ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。38) I dont like such books as this (is). 我不喜欢这种书。6在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。39) Had it not been for your help, I would not have succeeded. 要不是你的帮助，我不会取得成功。 二、 基本能力过关1. Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived at B. had I arrivedC. had I reached D. I had got to2. Only in this way _ make progress in your English.A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to3. Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seenC. never have I seen D. I have seen4. So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone couldC. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could5. She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do6. I like sports and _ my brother.A. so does B. so is C. so can D. so likes7. The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so8. _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was9. Not until the early years of the 19th century _ know what heat is. A. man did B. man C. didnt man D. did man10. _, hes honest. A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he11. _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at12. There _. And here _. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she13. Out _ , with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush14. _ , a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein15. Near the church _ cottage.A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old16. So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel17. Not a single song _ at yesterdays party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing18. _ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late he is三、 难点考点精选19. _ , I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much20. What would have happened _ , as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther21. _ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 22. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is itC. How long way is it D. What a long way it is 23. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like24. _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber downC. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped25. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever26. Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able to D. was able to he27. Not until _ to work _ realize how much time I had wasted.A. did I begin, didnt I B. I began, did IC. I began, I didnt D. did I begin, did I28. _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going29. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to30. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another36. Write to me when you get home._ . A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can32. You havent lost the ticket, have you?_ . I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so33. I dont mind telling you what I know. You _ . Im not asking you for it.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt34. Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why _ ? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me 35. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing四、 高考名题连线36. Does your brother intend to study German? Yes, he intends _ . (1998上海) A. / B. to C. so D. that 37. Only when your identity has been checked, _ (2003上海)A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in38. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. (2003全国)A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled 39. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (1994上海) A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 40. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (1995上海) A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not 41. I will not know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _ . (2004 江苏) A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 42. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives. (2004 广东) A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 43. I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! _ . (2004 全国) A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I44. Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? _ . (1999上海) A. Yes, Id like to go to the Grand Theatre B. Id like to, but I have an exam tomorrow C. No, I wont D. Thats right 45. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _ . (2002 上海)A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life46. Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it. (2002 上海春)A. the teacher himself is; all his students areB. the teacher himself is; are all his studentsC. is the teacher himself; are all his studentsD. is the teacher himself; all his students are47. When first _ to the market, these prod