2010年职称英语押题（理工B）.doc

Sauna桑拿浴Ceremonialbathinghasexistedforthousandsofyearsandhasmanyforms,oneofwhichisthesauna.TheFinnshaveperfectedthesteambath,orsauna,whichmaybetaken,usuallyinanenclosedroom,bypouringwateroverhotrocksorasdryheatbath.TheJapanese,Greeks,TurksandRussiansaswellasNativeAmericanshaveformsofthesweatbathintheirbathingrituals.DryheatandsteambathshadadvocatesinancientRomeandpre-ColumbianAmericansusedsweatlodges.仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并且有各种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。芬兰人完善了蒸气浴，也就是桑拿浴。它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水较在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干热浴。日本人、希腊人、土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这一形式。用干热浴发汗的方式在古罗马很受欢迎，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用发汗小屋。Theearliestsaunaswereprobablyundergroundcavesheatedbyafirethatnaturallyfilledwithsmokeaschimneymakingwasunknownatthattime.afirekeptinafire-pitwouldheattherockwallsofthecave.Afterreachingfullheat,thesmokewasletoutofthecaveandthestoneswouldretainheatforseveralhours.Afewpeopletodaysaythatthesmokesauna,“svusauna”,istheonlytruesaunaexperienceandthatallsaunasshouldhaveatleastabackgroundodororsmoke.Todaymostsaunasuseelectricstoves,althoughgasandwood-burningstovesareavailable.最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在底下山洞里。由于当时还没有掌握烟囱技术，山洞里总是充满着火焰引起的浓烟。人们在火槽里生火，加热山洞的四壁。当墙壁达到一定的温度时，将浓烟排出洞外，这使得墙壁还能保持几个小时的高温。今天，有一些人认为有烟的桑拿浴，“烟熏桑拿”，才是真正的桑拿体验，而所有的桑拿浴都应该至少有烟熏或烟味儿的背景。现在，尽管煤油炉和烧木头的火炉仍然可以使用，大多数的桑拿浴都是电炉。Saunasarerelaxingandstressrelieving.Thosewithmuscleachesorarthritismayfindthattheheatrelaxesmusclesandrelievespainandinflammation.Asthmapatientsfindthattheheatenlargesairpassagewaysofthelungandfacilitatesbreathing.Saunasdonotcurethecommoncoldbuttheymayhelptoalleviatecongestionandspeedrecoverytime.Thebodyscoretemperatureusuallyrisesa1-2degreeswhileinthesauna,thusimitatingaslightfever.Theregularuseofasaunamaydecreasethelikelihoodofgettingacoldinthefirstplace.桑拿浴能使人放松并消除压力。肌肉疼痛或关节炎都可以利用桑拿浴的热气减轻疼痛和炎症。热气还可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加顺畅。桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以减轻患者的胸闷感，加快康复的速度。在蒸桑拿时，人体温度通常会上升12度，就像发低烧一样的感觉。因此，蒸桑拿可以说是印证了一句老话：“伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿。”定期蒸桑拿可以预防感冒的发生。Saunaisgoofforyourskinasthebloodflowtotheskinincreasesandsweatingoccurs.Adultssweatabout2lbsofwaterperhouronaverageinasauna.Agoodsweatremovesdirtandgrimefromporesandgivestheskinahealthyglow.Thelossinwaterweightistemporaryasthebodysphysiologicalmechanismswillquicklyrestorepropervolumes.Thecardiovascularsystemgetsworkoutastheheartmustpumpharderandfastertomovebloodtothesurfaceforheatexchange.Heartratemayincreasefrom72beatsperminuteonaverageto100-150beatsperminute.蒸桑拿对皮肤也有好处。它可以促进皮肤的血液循环和出汗。在这个工程中，成年人呢一般每小时要蒸发2磅的水。出汗可以清楚毛孔中的污垢，使皮肤变得光洁。失水只是暂时性的，人体机能能够很快补充合适的水量。在热气交换的过程中，心脏跳动得更快，这就使心血管系统也得到了锻炼。蒸桑拿浴时的心率能从原来的平均每分钟72下增加到100150下。Anormalheartcanhandlethesestressesbutthosewithhearttroublewishingtobegintouseasaunashouldseekadoctorsadvice.Theelderlyandthosewithdiabetesshouldcheckwiththeirdoctorpriortobeginningtotakesaunas.Pregnantwomenshouldnottakesaunas,particularlyinthefirstthreemonths.Indeed,everyonejuststartingoutshouldtakeshortsessionsatfirsttobecomeaccustomedtothistypeofbath.。健康的心脏可以承受这种变化，而那些心脏患者在蒸桑拿浴之前应该先征求医生的建议。同样的，老年人和糖尿病患者也应如此。孕妇则不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是在怀孕的头三个月。其实，每个人在刚开始尝试桑拿浴时都应该先是短时间的，直到适应了这种沐浴方式41.Ceremonialbathing仪式性的沐浴A.iscalledthesaunabyFinns.被芬兰人称作桑拿浴B.isequivalenttothesteambath.相当于蒸气浴C.hasvariousforms.有不同的形式D.isheldinanenclosedroom.在密闭的房间里42.Whatisunderstoodbysomepeopletobethetruesaunaexperience?一些有桑拿浴经验的人知道了A.Saunasinundergroundcaves.桑拿浴在底下山洞里B.Saunaswithsmoke.桑拿浴有浓烟C.Saunasusingwoodburningstoves.桑拿浴需要用木材来烧炉子D.Saunasusingelectricstoves.桑拿浴用电炉子43.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,saunascandoallofthefollowingEXCEPT根据第三段，桑拿浴能做下面的所有除了A.reducingthechanceofgettingcold.减少变冷的机会B.speedingrecovery.加速恢复C.relievingstress.释放压力D.curingasthma.治疗哮喘44.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,saunagivestheskinahealthyglowbecause根据第四段，桑拿浴给肌肤健康以光洁因为A.poresarecleanedbysweat.毛孔都被汗水清洗了B.waterislostbysweating.水分的流失是通过流汗C.bloodmovestothesurfaceforheatexchan