虚拟语气教案.doc

虚拟语气适用学科英语适用年级初三适用区域通用课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点1、与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句； 2、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句； 3、与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句； 4. if引导的虚拟条件句。教学目标知识：掌握虚拟语气的基本用法和if引导的虚拟条件句.方法：要牢记虚拟语气的基本用法和if引导的虚拟条件句的规则.能力：1、分清三种（与现在，过去，将来事实相反）情况下的虚拟语气；2、掌握if引导的虚拟条件句。教学重点1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句； 2、与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。教学难点1.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句； 2. if引导的虚拟条件句。教学过程一、课堂导入老师将下列句子呈现给学生，学生跟着老师读下列句子。1. If it should fail, I would try again.2. If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.3. She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的宾语从句的概念，宾语从句的语序，宾语从句的时态和连接词。（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过宾语从句的具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的虚拟语气。三、知识讲解知识点1：由if引导的虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1.【考查点】与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）2. 【考查点】与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have 过去分词。如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）3.【考查点】与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were)； should动词原形；were to动词原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。如：If it should fail, I would try again. 要是失败了，我会再试一次。（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）4. 【考查点】混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。如：He would pass the test if he had taken my advice如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。注：如条件从句用if I were.，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。如：If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我就会去了。(were表过去)If I were you, I would go.假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在)知识点2：连词if的省略【考查点】如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。如：Had you not helped me， I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。知识点3：含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。1. 【考查点】条件暗含在短语中。如：But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help)What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way中)Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)2.【考查点】 条件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含 if you should accept it)四、例题精析【例题1】【题 干】I must say he reads very well, and I shouldnt be surprised if he_ acting for a living one day. A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up 【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟特殊情况。首先分析句子所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故B正确。 【例题2】【题 干】 Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 【答案】A【解析】考查条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，用would、should、could、might+动词原形。【例题3】【题 干】I apologize if I _ you, but I assure you it was unintentional(无意的). A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended 【答案】B【解析】此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除A，因为A是现在时。C中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。D选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。B选项had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。 【例题4】【题 干】If the Watergate Incident_ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling 【答案】B【解析】had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动