高中英语动词不定式.ppt

高中英语,动词不定式,sothatadj/adv+enoughtodosthbecaughtinasaresultofasaresultwakeupto形式宾语make/think/feel/find+it+adjtodo形式主语Itis+adj+(forsb)todo/doing/从句preventsb/sth(from)doingsthoneafteranothersweepawayhaveaneffecton,takeingiveoutIcouldntagreewithyoumoreIhavenoideainanutshellItsscaryIlldomybestfromwhatIunderstandputintotakeawayifpossibletrytodosthlookafterthinkabout,非谓语动词,doing动名词&现在分词,done过去分词,todo不定式,todo可以作除谓语之外的任何成分,不定式的形式：,其否定形式：nottodo,一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。HeseemstoknowFrench.(同时发生)Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.hearfromyou动作在expect之后2)进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生并在进行中。Hepretendstobeworkinghard.3)完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.,先发生,关于句子成分：必不可少的成分：主语+谓语(+宾语)主语+系动词+表语其它成分：定语，状语，补足语Ihadaverydifficultjobtodoinmyofficeyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,定语,地点状语,时间状语,不定式的句法功能：作主语谓语动词用单三形式，常用it作形式主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.,youarefoolish,在形式主语中Itis+adj+forsbtodo与Itis+adj+ofsbtodo的区别forsb结构中adj表示事情的特征，指客观情况ofsb结构中adj说明sb的特征。Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.,Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.wearenecessary2)作表语(系动词之后为表语)Yourjobistowashdishes.,AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.表语不定式如果解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。3)作宾语在vt之后用todo形式此类动词：decide,hope,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage,agree,promise,等,Shepromisedtogivehimachance.4)作宾语补足语v+sb/sth+todo(补充说明)此类动词：want,wish,ask,tell,teach,allow等Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.,注意：todo在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后面作宾补时，省略to.而help之后的to可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Iheardhersaythatshedliketogowithme.Couldyouhelpme(to)repairthecar?,Thedoctormakehimgiveupdrinking.被动：Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.(主语补足语)5)作定语(修饰名词)todo作定语与所饰名词有以下关系：主谓关系，动宾关系，同位关系，如：Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(动宾关系),Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位关系),动宾关系时：定语todo的动词如果是不及物动词或情况需要时，后面应加有必要的介词，如：Haveyougotapenciltodrawpictureswith.Heisamantodependon.6)作状语：目的，原因，结果，条件Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因),Hehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(结果)Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.(条件)IcametoBeijingtoseeyou.(目的状语)作目的状语时todo中的to可用inorderto或soasto代替，以加强语气，soasto不放句首Inordertoseeyou,IcametoBeijing.IcametoBeijingsoastoseeyou.否定时，用inordernotto或soasnotto而不用notto.,Theystartedveryearlyinordernotto/soasnottomissthetrain.Theystartedearlynottomissthetrain.X,两个结构：tooto太而不能Sheistoonervoustoanswerthequestion.如果too前有否定词，整个句子用否定表肯定，表示一种委婉含义，译为“不太”Itsnevertoolatetomend.改过不嫌晚当too前有only,all,but时too=very,Iamonlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高兴能帮助你。Shewasbuttooeagertogethome.她很想回家adj+enough+todo足够去做7)todo与疑问词(how,what,where,when等)连用起名词作用，可做主语，表语，宾语，补足语Hedidntknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisstillunknown.Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.ThisisjustwhatIwant.,8)todo中的省略todo中动词do的省略Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.notto=nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet为了避免重复，省略了to后内容.常出现在下列动词之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或出现在beglad,behappy,wouldlike,wouldlove等结构之后，如：_Wouldyouliketogowithme?_Iwouldliketo.,省略to的常见情况：在某些情态动词和助动词do,shall,will,would,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare等后面，省去to,如：Youmuststayherenow.see,hear,watch,notice,feelmake,let,have,+宾语+do,在“why(not)+不定式”结构中，不定式不带toWhyspendsomuchmoney?Whynotlethimhaveatry?,如果介词except,but前面有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式不带to,其他情况带toMarydidnothingexcept/butcleanthedishes.Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.下列固定短语：cant(couldnt)butdocant(couldnt)helpbutdocantchoosebutdo,不得不,hadbetter,wouldrather,之后+doIcannotbutsolvetheproblembymyself.Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.,不定式的被动式Hepreferredtobegivensomeheavierworktodo.todo逻辑上的主语是do动作的承受者时，用不定式被动形式。Hedidntexpectthebooktobesowellreceived.Hepreferredtohavebeengivensomeheavierworktodo.,在“Therebe”句型中，当说话人考虑的是有人去完成某事时，用todo的主动形式。如果强调事情本身必须要做时，则用todo的被动形式。如：Thereisalotofworktodo.有许多工作要（人）去做。（需要人去做工作）Thereisalotofworktobedone.有许多工作要做。（工作需要被做）Thereisnothingtodo.(什么都不做，无所事事)Thereisnothingtobedone.(任何事情都做不了，没有办法了),主动表被动的情况Westillhavemanydifficultiestoovercome.(1)不定式todo与其修饰名词构成动宾关系(overcomethedifficulties)，又和该句主语构成逻辑主谓关系(Weovercomedifficulties)时，不定式常用主动式。Heneedsaroomtolivein.(heliveinaroom)Weshouldtakemeasuresinsteadofwaitinghereforproblemstobesolved.(等着问题解决，主语不是we)IfeelreallytiredbecauseIstillhavemanyproblemstosolve.(Isolvetheproblems),(2)在“主语+系动词+adj+todo”结构中，句子的主语与