天津专版2018年高考英语总复习微专题训练第17练自然与环保类三.docx

第17练 自然与环保类（三）高考高频单词与短语识记排查单词识记：forbid influence natural noisyoverlook permit punish decreasedeliberate responsibility severe speciesthreaten tolerate undertake victimuncertain unbelievable pollute beach短语扫描：make a difference 有影响on account of因为，由于play an important part in在中起重要作用reduce pollution 减少污染set up 建立throw away 丢弃to make matters worse 更糟糕的是use up/run out of 用光，用尽wash away冲走，冲垮in harmony with nature与自然和谐相处跟踪训练.语境填词1Its a _(noise) place with film clips showing constantly on one of the cafes giant screens.2You have _(deliberate) acted against my wishes.3It is only _(naturally) for youngsters to seek the excitement of driving a fast car.4The great people are the ones who make a _(different) to the world.5There has been a _ (减少)in the number of pandas these years.单项填空6Look at the sign on the wall；anyone is forbidden_ in the hospital，regardless of what they are.Ato smoke BsmokingCto be smoking Dto smoking7It is said that the temperature is unusual mainly _ global warming caused by human activities.Aon account of Bby means ofCin case of Din spite of8I lost my way in complete darkness，and _ matters worse，it began to rain.Amade BmakingCto make Dhaving made9_part that women_in society is great.AThe；play BA；takeCA；play DThe；take10There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in_ with its surroundings.Acoincidence BharmonyCuniform Dalliance阅读能力专练阅读理解A(2016天津市和平区二模)Two things I really believe insaving money and saving the planet，and its even better when I can do something that accomplishes both at the same time.Rainwater harvesting is just such a thing.In the near future，rainwater harvesting will be as common as twelveyearold girls carrying cell phones.Many countries already rely heavily on rainwater.Every building in these countries collects the rainwater from its roof and stores it for later use.However，America_is_just_slightly_behind_the_curve.There are many ways to harvest rainwater and most of them are easy and inexpensive.For example，use rain barrels(桶) to collect the water that would run off your roof.Youd be surprised at how fast a fiftygallon(加仑)barrel will be filled with free，usable water.New building construction offers some good ways to gather rainwater，and the cost of setup is usually made up by reduced usage very quickly.Rainwater can be conveyed by roof pipes into underground containers，where a pump can draw water up as needed.The rainwater can even be treated to make it drinkable.If that rainwater were not collected，but allowed to run over your lawn(草坪)，into the street and eventually to a storm water treatment facility，it would pick up all sorts of pollutants on its journeychemical compositions and agricultural poisons from the grass，motor oil，waste water and such from the roads，and who knows what else.That is to say，the shorter distance it covers the more drinkable it will be.Depending on where you live，the rainwater may be piped to a treatment plant or it may run in natural channels to allow nature to remove the pollutants.Either way，the treatment of rainwater is high priced.If you reduce the amount of rainwater runoff from your home or office，you reduce the need for treatment.Water is rapidly becoming one of our most precious resources and it is not as abundant as you may think.In the year 2015，the United States used generally 479 billion gallons of fresh water per day.1According to the passage，harvesting rainwater can _.Ahelp us save money and be good for the environmentBhelp us realize the importance of waterCpromote the development of economy and peaceDmake us live a better life in the near future2What does the underlined sentence “America is just slightly behind the curve” mean?AAmericans dont show interest in harvest rainwater.BThere is no need for Americans to harvest rainwater.CHarvesting rainwater in America is not that common.DAmericans cant collect rainwater from the roof correctly.3What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AHow to take advantage of rainwater.BHow to fix the equipment under the ground.CHow to reduce the cost of the equipment.DHow to harvest rainwater.4What is the best time for people to harvest rainwater for drinking?ABefore it is piped to a treatment plant.BAfter it runs over your lawn.CAfter it runs into the street.DBefore it drops from the roof.5It can be inferred from the passage that _.Ait is easy to make rainwater drinkableBthe author calls on people to harvest rainwaterCmany countries ignore to harvest rainwaterDit is easy to deal with the pollutants from rainwaterBThere is a huge demand for shark fins(鳍) in Asian countries.As a result，many sharks are caught and killed.In Palau，where more than half of tourists are drawn by diving excursions，each reef shark brings in about 179,000 in tourism revenue annually，or about 1.9 million during its lifetime.Due to overexploitation and lack of proper management，many shark species are under considerable risk of unrecoverable decline with some species having declined to near extinction in recent years.According to reports，sharks are being killed at an alarming rate of up to 273 million worldwide per year.Some experts predict that if the killing continues at the current rate many shark species will be lost forever.It can be very dangerous.Sharks are very important and they should be protected.In a study of the east coast of the United States,11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range.Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat，the populations of 12 exploded and caused great damage to the ecosystem.For example，the cownose ray(鳐) population was no longer kept under control by sharks and so grew out of control.As a result，the rays destroyed the population of bay scallops(扇贝)，their favorite food.The scallop fishery，which had been in good condition for over 100 years，was wiped out.Also，the removal of the scallops most likely had an effect on water quality as they were no longer there to perform their function of cleaning the water.Sharks play a vital role in the oceans in a way that the average fish does not.Most sharks serve as top predators at the pinnacle of the marine food pyramid，and so play a critical role in ocean ecosystems.Directly or indirectly they regulate the natural balance of these ecosystems.Sharks tend to eat very efficiently，going after the old，sick，or slower fish in a population，keeping that population healthy.Sharks help keep many populations of ocean life to the right size so that those prey(猎物) species dont cause harm to the ecosystem by becoming too populated.The ocean ecosystem is made up of very complex food webs.For the most part，sharks are at the top of these webs and are considered by scientists to be “keystone” species，meaning that removing them may cause the whole structure to fall apart，including key fisheries such as tuna and other important fish species that maintain the health of coral reefs.Therefore，we should protect sharks because doing so is to protect the whole ecosystem.6Whats the main reason for killing sharks in Asia?AShark fins are in great need.BPeople kill them out of fear.CSharks often attack swimmers.DSharks break the balance of the sea.7The underlined word “eliminated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “_”Aseparated BremovedCforbidden Dprotected8After the number of cownose rays greatly increased，_.Awater quality improved as wellBbay scallops grew out of controlCthe health of coral reefs worsenedDthe local scallop fishery was harmed9What can we know about sharks from Paragraph 4?AThey cant find enough food to feed on.BThey never eat the old，sick or slower fish.CTheir large populations can harm the ecosystem.DThey play a key role in keeping the ecosystem healthy.10What does the passage mainly talk about?AWhy sharks are killed worldwide.BWhy sharks should be protected.CHow humans keep the ecosystem balanced.DHow ocean life affects the ecosystem.答案解析高考高频单词与短语识记排查跟踪训练.1.noisy2.deliberately3.natural4.difference 5decrease.6.A句意为：看墙上的标志，任何人都不准在医院吸烟，无论他是谁。这里考查的是forbid sb.to do sth.的被动语态形式be forbidden to do的用法。7A句意为：据说气温不寻常主要是由于人类活动造成的全球变暖。on account of由于；by means of用，依靠；in case of万一；in spite of不管。8C考查非谓语动词。句意为：我在黑暗中迷路了，更糟的是又开始下雨了。由并列连词and可知，and前后应该是两个独立的简单句；to make matters worse为不定式短语作it began to rain的状语，起补充说明的作用，故答案选C项。9A词组play a part in分开使用了。part在这里是特指，由定语从句修饰，所以用the。10B句意为：这个国家曾有个小镇，在那里所有的生命似乎都能与周围环境和谐共处。coincidence一致，巧合；harmony和谐，融洽；uniform制服，军服；alliance同盟，联合。阅读能力专练1A细节理解题。由第一段第一、二句可知，收集雨水既可以帮我们省钱，又能拯救地球。故A项正确。2C句意理解题。从第二段中的“Many countries already rely heavily on rainwater.However.”可知，美国的情况与many countries的做法不一样，在利用雨水这方面还跟不上潮流。故选C项。3D段落大意题。第三段第一句为本段的段落中心句，由此可知本段讲述的是收集雨水的方法。故D项正确。4D推理判断题。由第四段最后一句“That is to say，the shorter distance it covers the more drinkable it will be.”可知，雨水流经的距离越短，值得饮用的价值就越大。故D项正确。5B推理判断题。由最后一段可知，水正在变成最珍贵的资源之一，而且并不像我们想象的