2019高考英语一轮复习Unit1Womenofachievement精练新人教版必修4.doc

Unit 1李仕才基础回顾.单句语法填空 1The little boys bad behaviour(behave)at the party made his parents upset.2He has made up his mind to intend his son to manage(manage) the company.3He was unhappy because many people argued against his plan.4With our teacher supporting (support) us，we feel quite encouraged.5You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision.6Last night Bruce was observed to leave (leave) the building with two young men and take a taxi away.7I deeply appreciate your kindness (kind) in coming so far to meet me.8He is such a great man that all of us show our respect for him.9We all know that Yuan Longping is famous for his scientific achievements (achieve)10Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of entertainment (entertain).单句改错(每句一错) 1The meal over，the managers went back to the meeting room to carry out their discussion.outon2I often look at the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.atup3It didnt occur him that she would refuse his invitation.occur后加to4It is very easy to find a book intending for endingintended5You promised to deliver the goods for our company immediately，but we havent seen any of them yet.forto.佳句写作 1我突然想起我忘了去机场接我朋友了。(It hit sb.that)答案：It hit me that I forgot to go to the airport to pick up my friend.2碰巧那个著名的演员是我的同班同学。(It happens that)答案：It happened that the famous actor was my classmate.3农田一旦被破坏，将需要很多年才能恢复。(once)答案：Once the damage is done it will take many years for the farmland to recover.4他们终于到了家，又累又饿。(形容词作状语)答案：They finally arrived home，tired and hungry.5他在妻子的抽屉里偶然翻到了他的一些旧照片。(come短语)答案：He came across some of his old photos in his wifes drawer.技能提升.阅读理解 The Amish is the fastest growing religious group in the United States.By 2050，there will be about 1 million Amish living in the country.Over half of all Amish settlements in the US were founded after 1990.Today，there are about a quarter of a million Amish living in the US and Canada.One of the reasons for this situation is that the Amish has the highest birth rate in the country.They raise their children strictly according to religious values and their family traditions are not broken.However，as their farmland is getting limited，more and more Amish people are forced to change the way they live and adopt a new lifestyle.Especially the young Amish people are leaving their traditional home states and are moving west where land is still abundant(充足的)Today，more and more Amish people are looking for alternative ways of making a living.Raising cows and sheep is simply no longer enough to survive.They start to open up small businesses.Some have even started Internetbased shops，which is a_far_cry_from the typical Amish tradition.More than half of Amish people earn money from work outside agriculture.Though they still have horses at home，they use modern technology at work.Many have become very successful and their businesses are developing fast.Studies show they work harder than others and that the rate of failure is much lower than that of nonAmish companies.Amish teenagers are also forced to look for work outside agriculture.This means more income for the family，but it also means they break their tradition.语篇解读本文是记叙文，讲述了在美国生活着一群特立独行的人阿米什人。他们过去崇尚简单而古老的生活方式，现在的阿米什人又是什么样的呢？1The first paragraph mainly talks about_.Awhere the early Amish people were foundBthe problems the Amish people have to faceChow the Amish becomes a religious groupDthe rapid population growth of the Amish解析：D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，由于阿米什人的出生率比较高，因此人口增长特别快，故选D。2What causes the Amish to change their lifestyle?AThe limited farmland.BTheir religious values.CThe appeal of modern life.DTheir successful businesses.解析：A细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However，as their farmland is getting limited，more and more Amish people are forced to change the way they live and adopt a new lifestyle”可知，由于耕地不断减少，所以阿米什人不得不改变传统的生活方式。3The underlined phrase “a far cry from” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “_”Avery different fromBvery useful toCunder control of Din charge of解析：A词义猜测题。根据画线短语语境“They start to open up small businesses.Some have even started Internetbased shops”可知，现代阿米什人的生活方式和传统习俗大相径庭，故选A。4Which of the following can best describe the Amish?AEasygoing. BHonest.CHardworking. DLucky.解析：C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，阿米什人工作很努力，所以他们的生意做得很好。故C项正确。.完形填空 When he was 5，Nicholas Lowinger visited a homeless shelter with his mother.He was_1_to show off his new lightup sneakers.But his mom warned him against doing so，_2_that these children might not have such things.3_enough，when Nicholas met kids at the shelter，he_4_realized that they were living in circumstances that were different from his own.“I saw other kids who looked just like me.The only_5_was that they were wearing_6_shoes that were falling apart.Some didnt have a pair of shoes to call their own.”said Nicholas，now 15.“Ive been_7_to grow up in a family that is able to provide me with whatever I need.A lot of kids here in the US.dont have the same _8_.”That first shelter_9_left a strong impression on Nicholas，who started _10_all the shoes hed outgrown to local shelters.But he soon_11_that his donations werent that helpful.“It_12_me that I only had used shoes to give to them_13_new shoes that fit right.”he said.“No two peoples feet are exactly the same，and_14_you are wearing someone elses worn shoes，your feet arent going to be comfortable.”So at the age of 12，Nicholas started a program that donates_15_shoes to homeless children._16_，his efforts were part of a community service project.With the help of his parents，he then started the Gotta Have Sole Foundation，which has donated new footwear to more than 10,000_17_children in 21 states.“Something that seems so_18_，a pair of shoes，can make children feel_19_about themselves and gain confidence.”Nicholas_20_other young people to do the same.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。Nicholas在5岁时随妈妈拜访了无家可归者的收容所。这给他留下了深刻的印象，于是他发起了一个为他们捐鞋的活动来帮助他们。他还鼓励其他年轻人也去做相同的事情。1A.disappointedBpuzzledCexcited Dsurprised解析：C根据空格后的“to show off his new lightup sneakers”可推知，Nicholas为可以炫耀他的能发光的新运动鞋而感到兴奋(excited)。2A.explaining BexpectingCdeciding Djudging解析：A根据空格前的“But his mom warned him against doing so”可知，Nicholas的妈妈警告他不要这么做，并向他解释(explaining)了原因收容所里的孩子可能没有这样的东西。3A.Terribly BSureCStrangely DFair解析：B根据空格后的“.living in circumstances that were different from his own”可知，果然如妈妈所说，Nicholas发现收容所里的孩子们过着跟他不一样的生活。sure enough“果然，果真”，符合语境。4A.actually BpossiblyCquickly Dsimply解析：C根据第一段最后一句和空格后的内容可知，Nicholas来到收容所后，很快(quickly)就意识到收容所里的孩子们的生活环境和他自己的有所不同。5A.result BproblemCreason Ddifference解析：D根据上段和空格前的“I saw other kids who looked just like me.”可知，住在收容所里的孩子的生活环境和Nicholas的生活环境不同，这些孩子看起来和Nicholas差不多大，唯一的不同是他们穿着破损不堪的旧鞋子。6A.old BbigCspecial Dheavy解析：A根据本句后半部分“shoes that were falling apart”可推知，住在收容所里的孩子们穿的是破损不堪的旧鞋子。7A.brave BfortunateChealthy Dselfish解析：B根据空后内容可知，Nicholas感到很幸运(fortunate)，因为他成长在一个能给他提供任何他需要的东西的家庭。8A.education BexperiencesCclothing Dopportunities解析：D根据上句可知，Nicholas感到生长在一个能给他提供任何他需要的东西的家庭是很幸运的。而美国的很多孩子却没有同样的机会。opportunity“机会”，符合语境。9A.lecture BshowCvisit Dclass解析：C根据文章第一句中的“visited a homeless shelter with his mother”可知，此处指第一次的拜访(visit)就给Nicholas留下了很深的印象。10A.donating BpostingCselling Ddelivering解析：A根据上文内容可知，收容所里的孩子们穿着破旧的鞋子给Nicholas留下了很深的印象，于是他开始将自己穿小了的鞋捐(donating)给当地的收容所。11A.remembered BadmittedCdoubted Drealized解析：D根据下文“No two peoples feet.to be comfortable.”可知，Nicholas很快意识到(realized)他的捐赠对那些无家可归的孩子们不是那么有帮助。12A.delighted BbotheredCamazed Dastonished解析：B根据下文可知，因为每个人的脚并不完全相同，所以旧鞋穿到别人脚上可能会不舒服。而自己只有旧鞋而没有新鞋可以捐赠，这一点让Nicholas很烦恼(bothered)。13A.because of Bapart fromCinstead of Dexcept for解析：Cbecause of“因为，由于”；apart from“远离，除之外”；instead of“而不是”；except for“除了之外”。14A.if BonceCuntil Dthough解析：A根据本句前半部分“No two peoples feet are exactly the same”可知，没有两个人的脚会完全一样，如果你穿别人穿过的鞋，你的脚不会很舒服。15A.expensive BnewCstrong Dunique解析：B根据上文内容可知，Nicholas意识到如果我们穿别人穿过的鞋，脚会不舒服，于是在12岁时，他发起了一项活动，为无家可归的孩子们捐赠新(new)鞋。16A.At least BIn factCIn addition DAt first解析：D根据下一句中的“then”可知，与之相对应的应该是at first，意为“最初，起先”。17A.homeless BspecialCpoor Dsick解析：A根据该段第一句中的“to homeless children”可知，在父母的帮助下，Nicholas启动了Gotta Have Sole Foundation项目，为21个州的1万多名无家可归的(homeless)孩子捐赠了新鞋。18A.useless BsimpleCfunny Dcheap解析：B根据空格后的“a pair of shoes，can make children feel.about themselves and gain confidence”可知，捐赠一双鞋这么简单的(simple)事就能让孩子们感觉很好并且获得自信。19A.warm BluckyCgood Dsad解析：Cwarm“温暖的，热情的”；lucky“幸运的”；good“好的”；sad“难过的，悲哀的”。20A.forces BcommandsCprefers Dencourages解析：D因为Nicholas从捐鞋这种小事中受益匪浅，所以他鼓励其他年轻人也去做相同的事情。encourage“鼓励，支持”，符合语境。.短文改错 On my way to the bookstore，I noticed a group of people surrounded two anxious foreigners.I stopped and found that they were tourist from Canada who careless left a very important wallet in a taxi.I accompanied them to the nearest police station and without their help，we got in touch with the taxi company.We told a moment ago a driver had just turned in a wallet and then a policeman drive us to the company without delay.The two Canadians happily claimed their wallet，that contained their passports，flight tickets，some cash or credit cards.They expressed our thanks to me.I feel it is really a great pleasure to help the others.答案： 日月崇拜是原始宗教的重要内容之一，中国古代很早就有祭祀日月的宗教礼俗。殷人将日月称东母与西母，周代依据日月的时间属性行朝日夕月的祭礼，“夕月”即秋分日的晚上在西门外祭月。春秋战国时，日月神被称为东皇公、西王母。沂南汉画像石中东王公、西王母分坐在柱收物（昆仑山）上，西王母两旁跪有捣药的玉兔，由此可知，晋代郭璞图赞中“昆仑月精”的说法言之有据，而后世的月神嫦娥即由西王母演变而来。秦汉时期日月祭祀仍为皇家礼制，此后直至明清历代都有秋分祭月的礼仪。上古时期祭月列入皇家祀典而例行祭祀后，民间缺少了祭月的消息，这可能与古代社会的神权控制有关，像日月这样的代表阴阳的天地大神，只有皇家才能与之沟通，一般百姓无缘祭享。隋唐以后，随着天文知识的丰富与文化观念的进步，人们对月亮有了较理性的认识，月亮的神圣色彩明显消褪。这时皇家也逐渐失去了对月神祭祀的独占权。对一般平民来说，月亮不再是那样“高不可及”。唐朝虽没有中秋节，但唐人精神浪漫，亲近自然，中秋赏月已成为文人的时尚，吟咏中秋明月的华章丽句寻常可见，如许浑鹤林寺中秋夜玩月云：“中秋云尽出沧海，半夜露寒当碧天。轮彩渐移金殿外，镜光犹挂玉楼前。”在宋代，中秋节已成为民俗节日。文人沿袭赏月古风，但其情趣大异于唐人。唐人大多由月亮的清辉联想到河山的壮美，友朋千里，邀赏明月，诗酒风流，如白居易八月十五日夜禁中独直，对月忆元九“三五夜中新月色，二千里外故人心”，就借秋月抒发了感物怀人的情思。宋人常以月之阴晴圆缺，喻人生变化无常，苏轼中秋月“暮云收尽溢清寒，银汉无声转玉盘。此生此夜不长好，明月明年何处看”就寄托着这种浩叹。似乎中秋明月的清光，也难掩宋人的感伤。不过对于宋人来说，中秋还有另一种形态，即世俗的欢愉。北宋东京中秋夜，“贵家结饰台榭，民间争占酒楼玩月”（东京梦华录）。南宋杭州中秋夜更是热闹，在银蟾光满之时，王孙公子、富家巨室，莫不登楼，临轩玩月，酌酒高歌；中小商户也登上小小月台，安排家宴，“团圆子女，以酬佳节”（梦梁录）；市井贫民“解衣市酒，勉强迎欢，不肯虚度”。团圆是中秋节俗的中心意义。宋人的团圆意识已与中秋节令发生关联，宋代城市居民阖家共赏圆月，就体现了这一伦理因素。明清时期，由于理学的浸染，民间社会乡族观念增强，人们对家庭更为依恋，中秋节正是加强亲族联系的良机。“中秋民间以月饼相连，取团圆之义”（明代田汝成西湖游览志奈），月饼在宋代已经出现，但以月饼为中秋特色食品及祭月供品的风俗大概始于明朝，小小的月饼在民间生活中作为团圆的象征与联系亲族情感的信物互相馈送。节日是日常生活的亮点，节俗文化是时代精神的聚焦。中秋经历了文人赏月的雅趣，民间拜月的情趣，以及有心吃月饼而无心看月的俗趣，节俗形态从古至今发生了重大变化。一部中秋节俗形态演变史，也是一部中国民众心态的变迁史。（摘编自萧放团圆饼与月亮节中秋节俗形态的变迁）1下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是( )A对于日月，殷人称东母与西母，春秋战国时称东皇公、西王母，汉代称东王公、西王母，从这些称呼可以看出，中国古人的日月崇拜有一脉相承之处。B唐宋两代都有文人赏月的风尚。唐人多借月表达对自然美景的欣赏赞美，体现出诗酒风流的情趣，而宋人常因月抒发感伤之情。C南宋时的都城杭州，中秋夜热闹非凡，不仅富家巨室、中小商户宴饮赏玩，“以酬佳节”，连财力匮乏的市井贫民也勉力寻欢，足见中秋在当时已是非常重要的节日。D中秋的节俗文化经历了不断丰富与演变的过程，如宋人赋予中秋节阖家团圆的意义，明人则将月饼引入中秋节，作为团圆的象征与联系亲族感情的信物。2下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是( )A弦、望、晦、朔是月亮在运行过程中被人观察到的不同形态，是中国大多数节日设定的基准，如中秋节的设定就与“望”有关。B中秋节源于原始宗教中的月亮崇拜，但形成较晚。唐代文人已有中秋之夜赏月的风尚，到宋代，中秋则成为重要的民俗节日。C沂南汉画像石中的西王母为月神，居于昆仑山，后演变为月神嫦娥。晋代郭璞图赞中“昆仑月精”的说法即以此神话为依据。D唐朝的一般民众将月亮视为欣赏的对象，而不再觉得它高不可及，这跟天文知识的丰富、文化观念的进步和皇家丧失对祭月的独占权大有关系，3根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是( )A月为天地大神，在宗教祭祀中地位重要，上古时期统治者独占祭月权之后，直至隋唐以前，一般民众无权祭月，中国民间也没有祭月的风俗。B尽管唐宋文人赏月的情趣大异，但白居易八月十五日夜禁中独直，对月忆元九和苏轼中秋月都是借月抒怀的感伤之作，表达了对友人的思念之情。C在宋代，中秋已是团圆佳节，到明清时期，理学的影响增强了民间社会的乡族观念和人们对家庭的依恋，于是中秋节更成为共享天伦与联系亲族的良机。D中秋节俗形态丰富，从文人雅士赏玩明月，到民间阖家团圆共赏明月，再到以月饼相赠加强亲族联系，这些习俗的演变折射了时代精神的变迁。（二）文学类文本阅读（14分）阅读下面的文字，完成4-6题。百年震柳梁衡1920年12月16日，宁夏海原县发生了一场全球最大的地震。是日晚8时，风暴大起，四野尘霾，大地颤动，山移、地裂、河断、城陷。黄土高原经这一抖，如骨牌倒地，土块横飞。老百姓惊呼：“山走了！”有整座山滑行三四公里者，最大滑坡面积竟毗连三县，达两千平方公里。山一倒就瞬间塞河成湖，形成无数的大小“海子”。地震中心原有一大盐湖，为西北重要的产盐之地。湖底突然鼓起一道滚动的陡坎，如有人在湖下推行，竟滴水不漏地将整个湖面向北移了一公里