Barron词汇题整理.doc

TEST 1Reading 1 “Beowulf”001. Scholars do not know whether Beowulf is the sole surviving epic from a flourishing Anglo-Saxon literary period that produced other great epics or whether it was unique even in its own time.The word unique in the passage is closest in meaning to old rare perfect weak002. Finally, the Beowulf poet exhibits a mature appreciation of the transitory nature of human life and achievement.The word exhibits in the passage is closest in meaning tocreates demonstrates assumes terminates003. He chooses to reject despair; instead, he takes pride in himself and in his accomplishments, and he values human relationships.The word reject in the passage is closest in meaning tomanage evaluate refuse confrontReading 2 “Thermoregulation”004. Through shivering and NST, mammals and birds in cold environments can increase their metabolic heat production by as much as 5 to 10 times above the minimal levels that occur in warm conditions.The word minimal in the passage is closest in meaning tomost recent most active newest smallest005. Vasodilatation and vasoconstriction also regulate heat exchange and may contribute to regional temperature differences within the animal.The word regulate in the passage is closest in meaning toprotect create reduce control006. Some bats use both saliva and urine to enhance evaporative cooling.The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning tosimply improve replace interruptReading 3 “Social Readjustment Scales”007. Thus, it seems prudent to view the SRRS as a measure of diverse forms of stress, rather than as a measure of change-related stress (McLean & Link, 1994).The word diverse in the passage is closest in meaning tonecessary steady limited different008. For example, the Life Experiences Survey (LES), assembled by Irwin Sarason and colleagues (1978), has become a widely used measure of stress in contemporary research.The word assembled in the passage is closest in meaning toannounced influenced arranged distributed009. The LES also takes into consideration differences among people in their appraisal of stress, by dropping the normative weights and replacing them with personally assigned weightings of the impact of relevant events.The word relevant in the passage is closest in meaning tooccasional modern related unusualTEST 2Reading 1 Resources and Industrialism in Canada010. While the much-anticipated expansion of the western frontier was unfolding in accordance with the design of the National Policy, a new northern frontier was opening up to enhance the prospects of Canadian industrial development.The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning todisrupt restore identify improve011. At the height of the gold rush in 1898, the previously unsettled subarctic frontier had a population of about 30,000, more than half of which was concentrated in the newly established town of Dawson.The word previously in the passage is closest in meaning tofrequently suddenly routinely formerly012. Furthermore, the fast flowing rivers of the Shield and Cordilleras could readily be harnessed as sources of hydroelectric power, replacing coal in the booming factories of central Canada as well as in the evolving mining and pulp and paper industries.The word Furthermore in the passage is closest in meaning toAlthough Because Therefore MoreoverReading 2 Looking at Theatre History013. One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic study of material remains such as architecture, inscriptions, sculpture, vase painting, and other forms of decorative art.The word primary in the passage is closest in meaning toreliable important unusual accepted014. Nevertheless, they still do not permit us to describe the precise appearance of the skene(illustrations printed in books are conjectural reconstructions), since many pieces are irrevocably lost because the buildings in later periods became sources of stone for other projects and what remains is usually broken and scattered.The word precise in the passage is closest in meaning toattractive simple difficult exact015. Perhaps the most controversial use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings, thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece.The word controversial in the passage is closest in meaning toaccepted debated limited complicatedReading 3 Geothermal Energy016. Total worldwide production is approaching 9,000 MW (equivalent to nine large modern coal burning or nuclear power plants)-double the amount in 1980.The word approaching in the passage is closest in meaning tohardly mostly nearly briefly017. The environmental impact of geothermal energy may not be as extensive as that of other sources of energy, but it can be considerable.The word considerable in the passage is closest in meaning tolarge dangerous steady unexpectedReading 4 “Migration from Asia”018. The first hard data linking American Indians with Asians appeared in the 1980s with the finding that Indians and northeast Asians share a common and distinctive pattern in the arrangement of the teeth.The word distinctive in the passage is closest in meaning tonew simple different particular019. Accompanied by a husky-like species of dog, hunting bands gradually moved as far east as the Yukon River basin of northern Canada, where field excavations have uncovered the fossilized jawbones of several dogs and bone tools estimated to be about 27,000 years old.The phrase Accompanied by in the passage is closest in meaning toFound with Joined by Threatened by Detoured with020. Eventually Athapascan speakers, the ancestors of the Navajos and Apaches, migrated across the Great Plains to the Southwest.The word Eventually in the passage is closest in meaning toin the end Nevertheless Without doubt in this wayReading 5 “Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes”021. The following questions pertain to the chemical properties of a substance.The word pertain in the passage is closest in meaning tocompare relate explain change022. The new substances produced have their own unique physical and chemical properties.The word unique in the passage is closest in meaning todistinctive idealized primary significant023. When attempting to determine whether a change is physical or chemical, one should ask the critical question: Has the fundamental composition of the substance changed?The word critical in the passage is closest in meaning tolast important difficult simpleTEST 3 Reading 1 “Symbiotic Relationships”024. In other words, the two species are usually in physical contact and at least one of them derives some sort of benefit from this contact.The word derives in the passage is closest in meaning torequests pursues obtains rejects025. Although the host is harmed by the interaction, it is generally not killed immediately by the parasite, and some host individuals may live a long time and be relatively little affected by their parasites.The word relatively in the passage is closest in meaning tocomparatively routinely adversely frequently026. Likewise, the host evolves defenses against the parasite, often reducing the harm done by the parasite to a level the host can tolerate.The word tolerate in the passage is closest in meaning topermit oppose profit avoid027. Mutualism is another kind of symbiotic relationship and is actually beneficial to both species involved.The word actually in the passage is closest in meaning tofrequently initially really usuallyReading 2 “Civilization”028. At first, Neolithic settlements were hardly more than villages.The word hardly in the passage is closest in meaning tofrequently likely barely obviously029. These include (1) an urban revolution; cities became the focal points for political, economic, social, cultural, and religious development; (2) a distinct religious structure; the gods were deemed crucial to the communitys success, and professional priestly classes, as stewards of the gods property, regulated relations with the gods;The word crucial in the passage is closest in meaning tofundamental arbitrary disruptive suitable030. and (6) new forms of significant artistic and intellectual activity, such as monumental architectural structures, usually religious, occupied a prominent place in urban environments.The word prominent in the passage is closest in meaning toweak important small newReading 3 “life in our solar system”031. The water requirement automatically eliminates many worlds in our solar system.The word automatically in the passage is closest in meaning topartially actual occasionally naturally032. Nevertheless, Europa is not a promising site to search for life because conditions may not have remained stable for the billions of years needed for life to evolve beyond the microscopic stage.The word stable in the passage is closest in meaning tovisible active constant strong033. Some chemical contamination from water on Earth has occurred, and some chemicals in the meteorite may have originated without the presence of life.The word originated in the passage is closest in meaning toturned changed begun disappearedTEST 4 Reading 1 “Layers of Social Class”034. They exercise enormous control throughout society. Most of their wealth is inherited.The word enormous in the passage is closest in meaning tovery large very new very early very good035. The lower class is composed primarily of the displaced and poor.The word primarily in the passage is closest in meaning tomostly somewhat finally always036. The underclass includes those who have been left behind by contemporary economic developments.The word contemporary in the passage is closest in meaning tounexpected modern strategic reliableReading 2 “Weather and Chaotic Systems”037.Why, then, do we have so much trouble predicting the weather? For a long time, most scientists assumed that the difficulty of weather prediction would go away once we had enough weather stations to collect data from around the world and sufficiently powerful computers to deal with all the data.The word assumed in the passage is closest in meaning toagreed supposed revealed expressed038 However, we now know that weather is fundamentally unpredictable on time scales longer than a few weeks. To understand why, we must look at the nature of scientific prediction.The word fundamentally in the passage is closest in meaning totypically historically presently basically039 In fact, many chaotic systems have a kind of underlying order that explains the general features of their behavior even while details at any particular moment remain unpredictable.The word features in the passage is closest in meaning toproblems exceptions characteristics benefitsReading 3 “Building with Arches”040 Because of tensions and compressions inherent in the form, the arch is stable only when it is complete, when the topmost stone, the keystone, has been set in place.The word inherent in the passage is closest in meaning touncertain unsatisfactory expansive essential041 That it stands today virtually intact after nearly two thousand years (and is crossed by cyclists on the route of the famous Tour de France bicycle race) testifies to the Romans brilliant engineering skills.The word virtually in the passage is closest in meaning toobviously accurately routinely practically042 With the stone barrel vault, they could achieve the soaring, majestic space we see in the nave of Sainte-Foy.The word achieve in the passage is closest in meaning toretain accomplish decorate financeReading 4 “The Digital Divide”043 On some Native American reservations only 60 percent of the residents have a telephone.The word residents in the passage is closest in meaning tohomes towns people locations044 The move to wireless connections may eliminate the need for telephone lines, but it does not remove the barrier to equipment costs.The word eliminate in the passage is closest in meaning toaccept dispute define remove045 Using the percentage of students who are eligible for free lunches at a school to determine income level, we see that nearly twice as many of the schools with more affluent students have wired classrooms as those with high concentrations of low-income students.The word concentrations in the passage is closest in meaning toprotections numbers confidence supportReading 5 “The Evolution of Birds”046 Almost every part of a typical birds anatomy is modified in some way that enhances flight.The word modified in the passage is closest in meaning tomade different made better made smaller made modern047 Avian behavior is particularly intricate during breeding season, when birds engage in elaborate rituals of courtship.The word elaborate in the passage is closest in meaning tosimple quiet layers birds048 The evolution of flight required radical alteration in body form, but flight provides many benefits.The word radical in the passage is closest in meaning tovery clear very wide very fast very newTEST 5Reading 1 “ Rising Sea Levels”049 Worldwide measurements confirm that sea level rose during the last century.The word confirm in the passage is closest in meaning toclarity prove assume predict050 Also, there is conclusive evidence for a worldwide recession of mountain glaciers .The word conclusive in the passage is closest in meaning todefinite independent unique valuable051 Sea-level rise must be expressed as a range of values that are under constant reassessment.The word range in the passage is closest in meaning tofunction scale version lackReading 2 “Organic Architecture”052 Wright conceived the long, sweeping ground-hugging lines, unconfined by abrupt wall limits, as reaching out toward and capturing the expansiveness of the Midwests great flatlands.The word conceived in the passage is closest in meaning toutilized noticed created examined053 Abandoning all symmetry, the architect eliminated a faade, extended the roofs far beyond the walls, and all but concealed the entrance.The word Abandoning in the passage is closest in meaning toInfluencing Modifying Perfecting Discontinuing054 The Kaufmann House, nicknamed Fallingwater and designed as a weekend retreat at Bear Run near Pittsburgh, is a prime example of the latter.The word prime in the passage is closest in meaning tomost important most numerous most common most acceptedReading 3 “New Women of the Ice Age”055 And this has lots of implications.The word implications in the passage is closest in meaning todefects advantages suggestions controversies056 If women are the people who are always involved with biological reproduction and the rearing of the young, then that is going to constrain their behavior.The word constrain in the passage is closest in meaning tolimit plan notice improve057 Although the full range of their activities is unlikely ever to be known for certain, there is good reason to believe that Ice Age women played a host of powerful roles.The word roles in the passage is closest in meaning toproblems developments locations functionsTEST 7 Reading 1 “Exotic and Endangered Species”058 During the 1800s, British settlers in Australia just couldnt bond with the koalas and kangaroos, so they started to import familiar animals from their homeland.The word bond in the passage is closest in meaning tomove connect live fight059 At this writing, researchers are now questioning whether the calcivirus should be used on a widespread scale, whether it can jump boundaries and infect animals other than rabbits (such as humans), and what the long-term consequences will be.The word consequences in the passage is closest in meaning tostages advantages results increases060 The idea is to export the starch to Asia, where the demand currently exceeds the supply.The word exceeds in the passage is closest in meaning tosurpasses destroys estimates causesReading 2 “Paleolithic Art”061 In fact, the remoteness and difficulty of access of many of the cave paintings and the fact they appear to have been used for centuries are precisely what have led many scholars to suggest that the prehistoric hunters attributed magical properties to the images they painted.The word access in the passage is closest in meaning toadmission meaning site research062 By contrast, some scholars have argued that the magical purpose of the paintings was not to facilitate the destruction of bison and other species.The word facilitate in the passage is closest in meaning tospecify permit assist discover063 Almost all of these theories have been discredited over time, and art historians must admit that no one knows the intent of these paintings.The word discredited in the passage is closest in meaning tonot attentive not believed not hopeful not organizedReading 3 “Group Decision Making”064 The time needed for group discussion and the associated compromising and selecting of a decision alternative can be considerable.The word considerable in the passage is cl