（天津专用）2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 四 推理判断-细节推断题课件.ppt

四、推理判断细节推断题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(20186月天津，B)WhenIwas17，IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay，oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthemunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday，SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked，“Doyouhavetheaddress？”“No，butIllrecognizeit，therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh，stop.Thereitis！”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered，excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.,“MayIhelpyou？”amanasked.“No，”Isaid.“Werefine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouwerentthatinterestedin？Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的)，keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem？Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare？”heasked.Iturnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuseum！”Hesmiled，shakinghishead.“Sorry，theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“Whatsthisplace？”Iasked，stillconfused.“Well，itsourhome.”Myheartjolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout，“Sally!Comedownimmediately！”,“Theressomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown，lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor，wavingatthefamily，saying，“Sorry，pleaseforgiveus，youhaveareallyniceplace.”Outside，whenItoldSallywhathappened，shecoveredhermouth，laughing.Shecouldntbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid，butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh，Picasso.Thistime，westayedtogether，incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.,Thirtyyearslater，awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.“Excuseme，didyoueverenteraresidence，longago，thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum？”“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow？Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover，IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.Ivealwayswantedtothankyou.”,语篇解读,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。如果你误把一户人家当成博物馆并且四处参观，会是怎样一种奇特的经历呢？本文中作者讲述了她的亲身体验。,41.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasamunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的watercolorist(水彩画家)可知，MarianMcNay是一位painter(画家)。故答案为A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,42.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.,解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tourguidesgotonmynerves.”(导游令我很烦)可知，“我”把那个人误认为是导游了。故答案为D。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,43.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.,解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“我”被那些人盯着时的疑惑“Whatwastheirproblem？”及后文中的stillconfused可知，“我”感到很困惑(puzzled)。故答案为A。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,44.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.,解析推理判断题。文章最后三段提到30年后“我”偶遇那户人家的一个孩子，她说“我”把她家误认为博物馆使她看到了它的美丽，由此可知，本文作者不是重点描述McNay博物馆，而是描述这次突发事件带来的影响，故答案为D“房子里发生的事更重要”。,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,解析推理判断题。从最后一段中那个女士说的话“在你进来之前，我从未意识到我住的是个多么美丽的地方，我以前从未感到过幸运”可推知，人们往往会忽视自己周围事物的美。,45.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.,答案,解析,41,42,43,44,45,名师点津,一、题型解读细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。,该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat.2.Whatcanweinfer/learnfrom.?3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.4.Thepassage/story.indicates/suggests/impliesthat.,二、解题技巧关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。,例如：【真题感悟】中的45题根据文章最后一段中的“Beforeyoucameover，IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.”可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美视而不见。故选C。,随堂限时练,(2018河北区二模)“CanIseemybaby？”askedthehappynewmother.Thebundle(婴儿包)wasplacedinherarmsandwhenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface，shegaspedthebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears.Time，however，provedthatthebabyshearingwasperfectexcepthisappearance.Onedaywhenherushedhomefromschoolandthrewhimselfintohismothersarms，hecriedoutbitterly，“Aboy，abigboy.calledmeafreak.”Shesighed，knowingthathislifewastobeendlessofheartbreaks.,Hegrewup，handsomeforhismisfortune.Afavoritewithhisfellowstudents，hemighthavebeenclasspresident，butforthat.Hedevelopedagiftforliteratureandmusic.Theboysfatherhadatalkwiththefamilydoctor.“Couldnothingbedone？”“Ibelievewecouldgraft(移植)onapairofouterears，iftheycouldbedonated，”thedoctordecided.Sothesearchbeganforapersonwhowouldmakesuchasacrificeforayoungman.Twoyearswentby.Then，“Youregoingtothehospital，son.MotherandIhavesomeonewhowilldonatetheearsyouneed.Butitsasecret.”saidthefather.,Theoperationwasabrilliantsuccess.Histalentsblossomedintogenius.Schoolandcollegebecameaseriesofsuccesses.Later，hemarriedandenteredthediplomatic(外交)service.“ButImustknow！”heurgedhisfather.“Whogavesomuchforme?Icouldneverdoenoughforhim.”“Idonotbelieveyoucould，”saidthefather，“buttheagreementwasthatyouarenottoknow.notyet.”Theyearskeptthesecret，butthedaydideoneofthedarkestdaysthateverpassedthroughason.Hestoodwithhisfatheroverhismotherscasket(棺材).Slowlyandtenderly，thefatherstretchedforthahandandraisedthethick，reddish-brownhairtoletoutthesecret.,1.Thestoryismainlyabout.A.howaboyhadnewearsthroughanoperationB.whatadevotedparentprivatelydidforthechildC.howadisabledboyturnedintoausefulpersonD.whyadonatormadeasacrificetoabrightboy,解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位伟大无私的母亲把自己的耳朵捐给自己的孩子的故事。故选B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“whenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface，shegaspedthebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears”可知，母亲看到她的新生儿没有耳朵感到震惊和失望。,2.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatthemother.A.wasdeterminedtodonateherearstoperfecthersonB.keptherhusbandunknownaboutthebabyssituationC.feltshockedanddisappointedtoseehernewbabyDplainedofherbadlucktohaveadisabledchild,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“hecriedoutbitterly，Aboy，abigboy.calledmeafreak”可知，有个大孩子嘲笑他是“freak”，可能会使很多同学联想到那个男孩子没有耳朵，而将freak一词误理解为“长相丑陋”，下文中描述道“Hegrewup，handsomeforhismisfortune”可知，男孩的外表并不丑陋，而是因为没有耳朵在外形上与普通人不一样，因此我们猜测该词的含义为：strangely-shapedcreature。,3.Theunderlinedword“freak”inParagraph2istheclosestinmeaningto“”.A.slow-actingpersonB.ugly-lookingchildC.badly-behavedstudentD.strangely-shapedcreature,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，那个男孩在母亲去世，父亲撩开母亲的头发时最终知道了是母亲把耳朵给了他。故选C。,4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theagreementwasbetweenthedonatorandthefamily.B.Theboywassopopularthathewasmadeclasspresident.C.Finallytheboycametoknowwhothedonatorwas.D.Themotherdonatedherearstohersonaftershedied.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。本文通过讲述一位伟大的母亲为儿子捐献耳朵并对儿子保守秘密，让我们感受到了母爱的伟大，有时真爱隐藏在深处而不是流露于外表。,5.Whatmorallessoncanwedrawfromthisreading?A.Realloveliesinwhatisdoneunknownratherthanwhatisdoneknown.B.Itisuptoparentstohelptheirchildrenheartandsoul.C.Truebeautyliesonlyintheheartnotinappearance.D.Itisavirtueforyounggenerationstolearntobegrateful.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B(2018南开区一模)Askmostpeopleanywhereintheworldwhattheywantoutoflifeandthereplywillprobablybe：“tobehappy”.EdDeiner，anAmericanpsychologyprofessor，hasspenthiswholeprofessionallifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy，paringlevelsofhappinessbetweenculturesandtryingtofindoutexactlywhyweenjoyourselves.,Manypeoplewouldsaythatthisquestiondoesnotneedananswer.ButProfessorDeinerhasoneanyway.“Ifyoureacheerful，happyperson，yourmarriageismorelikelytolast，andyouremorelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage，happypeoplehavestrongerimmunesystems，andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”,Sowhoaretheworldshappiestpeople？Itdependsonhowthewordisdefined.Thereisindividualhappiness，thesenseofjoywegetwhenwedosomethingwelike.Butthereisalsothefeelingofsatisfactionwegetwhenweknowthatothersrespectusandapproveofhowwebehave.AccordingtoProfessorDeiner，theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappinesswhileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.,“IntheWest，theindividualisticculturemeansthatyourmoodmattersmuchmorethanitdoesintheEast.Peopleaskthemselvesiftheyaredoingwhatisfunorinteresting.Theybeeunhappywhentheycantdoanyofthesethings.IfyouaskpeoplefromJapanorChinaiftheyarehappy，theytendtolookatwhathasgonewrongintheirlives.Ifnotmuchhasgonewrong，thentheyaresatisfied.”PeoplefromSpainandotherSpanish-speakingcountrieshadthehappiestculture，ProfessorDeinerfound.“Thebiggestculturaldifferenceistodowithprideandshame.Hispanic(西班牙语的)culturesreportmuchmoreprideandmuchlessshamethanothers.”,Inealsomadeabigdifferencetopeopleshappiness，butonlyatthelowestlevels.AverageineearnersintheUSweremuchhappierthanpeopleinpoverty.Butmillionaireswereonlyalittlebithappierthanpeopleonaverageines.Itseemsthatmoneymakesushappywhenwehaveenoughtofeelsecure.,解析细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句“Ifyoureacheerful，happyperson，yourmarriageismorelikelytolast，andyouremorelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage，happypeoplehavestrongerimmunesystems，andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”可知，快乐的人婚姻更长久，工作更成功，寿命也更长。即长久的婚姻、健康、事业成功都属于快乐带来的好处。文中并未提到快乐可以给人带来尊重。,6.Accordingtothepassage，happypeopleenjoythefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT.A.alongmarriageB.respectfromothersC.professionsuccessD.betterhealth,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,7.InProfessorDeinersopinion，.A.AsianshaveaculturetoenjoyindividualhappinessB.WesternerscaremoreaboutmutualsatisfactionthanAsiansC.AsiansfocusmoreonothersrespectandapprovalthanWesternersD.Westernersvalueindividualhappinessasmuchasmutualsatisfaction,解析推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“AccordingtoProfessorDeiner，theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappinesswhileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.”可知，Deiner认为西方人更追求个人的快乐，而亚洲人却追求双向满意。由此可推知，亚洲人比西方人更在意别人的尊重和认同。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.Whatcanbein