高中英语复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars课件 新人教版必修3.pptVIP

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars,知识清单,1._n.系统;体系;制度2._n.学说;理论3._n.大气层;气氛4._prep.不同;不像5._n.链子;连锁;锁链,system,theory,atmosphere,unlike,chain,(一)基本单词,单词,6._n.气候7._vi.(使)漂浮n.漂浮物,climate,crash,pull,float,10._adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的_n.暴力11._adj.有害的_n.伤害;害处12._vi.存在;生存_n.存在;生存,violent,violence,(二)派生单词,harmful,harm,exist,existence,13._n.谜;难题vt.(使)为难_adj.令人迷惑的_adj.迷惑的,puzzle,puzzling,puzzled,1.及时;终于2.下蛋3.产生;分娩4.轮到某人;接着5.阻止;制止,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inonesturn,preventfrom,短语,6.感到高兴;感到振奋7.既然8.突发;爆发9.密切注视;当心;提防10.挡住(光线),cheerup,nowthat,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的,因为在很早以前它就形成了。as引导的从句表示原因。,句式,2.Whatitwastobeewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道,直到38-45亿年前,这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。what引导主语从句。,3.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。makeitadj./n.forsb./sth.todosth.,4.,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。timesas.as.是的几倍,核心要点,1.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的(课文原句)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatiswasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.翻译：地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。,单词,【归纳】violentcrime暴力犯罪【拓展】violentlyadv.猛烈地;激烈地violencen.暴力;暴行,2.harmfuladj.有害的harmn.伤害,损害(课文原句)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.翻译：很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性特质溶解在海洋里。,【归纳】beharmfulto对有害doharmto损害Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事没有什么坏处。,3.existvi.存在;生存(课文原句)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.翻译：它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。,【归纳】existon靠为生existby以方式为生existin存在于之中Thereexists/existed.某地有;存在【拓展】existingadj.现有的，现存的existencen.存在;生存eintoexistence产生;成立;开始存在inexistence存在,4.puzzlevt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困;感到迷惑n.(游戏的)猜谜;难题;谜(课文原句)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)翻译：地球上的生命是如何开始的，科学家发现很难解释这个最大的难题。,【归纳】puzzleover/aboutsth.苦苦思索;仔细琢磨puzzlesth.out琢磨出的答案【拓展】puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物),5.crashvt.拆散pullaway(车辆等)开走pulldown拆毁;摧毁(建筑物)pullin(车辆)进站;停靠pullout驶出;退出pullthrough康复,痊愈pullup停车,1.intime及时;终于;总有一天(课文原句)Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearthsatmosphere.翻译：它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。,短语,【拓展】innotime立刻;马上aheadoftime提前atatime每次;逐一attimes有时;间或allthetime一直,始终fromtimetotime有时;偶尔manyatime多次;常常timeaftertime一次又一次;总是,ThankGodyouresafe!Isteppedback,just_toavoidtheracingcar.A.intimeB.incaseC.inneedD.invain,2.inonesturn轮到某人;接着(课文原句)Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.翻译：于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。,【拓展】inturn轮流;依次;逐个takeonesturn依次;轮流taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itsonesturntodosth.轮到某人做某事,3.cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋(课文原句)Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbeesmallerandthemoonlarger.翻译：我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。,【拓展】cheersb.on(赛跑/比赛等中)以喝彩声鼓励,为(某人)加油cheerfor.为欢呼Cheers!(用于祝酒)干杯!,4.blockout挡住（光线）(课文原句)Asaresultofthisevent,agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblockingoutthesunlight.翻译：这个事件的结果就是，天空形成了一团团的灰尘，遮蔽了阳光。,【归纳】blockout意为：挡住，遮住（光线或声音）；忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）；草拟（大纲等）。如：Thattreeintheneighborsyardblocksoutalotofourlight.Sheaccusesmeofhavingblockedoutthepast.Justblockoutthemainpointsfornowandwellsortthedetailsoutlater.,5.breakout(战争/火灾/疾病等)突发;爆发(课文原句)Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearthsgravityincreased.翻译：随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。,【拓展】breakawayfrom突然挣脱;逃脱breakdown出故障;垮掉breakin强行进入;打断breakintosth.突然开始breakoff断开;中断breakthrough取得突破breakup结束，解散，分手,1.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语todevelop。it作形式宾语时常用在find/make/think/consideritadj./n.todo结构中。,句式,1.这么坏的天气,我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。Wefinditimpossibletoclimbtothetopofthehillinsuchbadweather.2.他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。HeconsidereditimportantforhimtolearnspokenEnglishwell.,【仿写】,it作形式宾语,除指代不定式结构外,还可指代that引导的宾语从句。如：Theymadeitcleartothepublicthattheydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.他们向公众表明:他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。,2.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”nowthat引导原因状语从句,“既然,由于”,相当于since,而且that可省略。,下列介词短语也可以用来表示原因:dueto由于,归功于becauseof因为,onaccountof由于,因为owningto由于,因为thanksto由于,多亏(多作表语或状语)asaresultof由于,_heoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedeterminationtopushfurtherandkeepongoing.(2015安徽卷)A.WhereB.AsC.IncaseD.Nowthat考点：考查状语从句句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。where表示地点，引导让步状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tiredashehas;incase表目的；nowthat表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方。故选A。,A,语法,复合句中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。【要点精讲】引导主语从句的词有连词that,whether；连接代词who,what,which；连接副词when,where,how,why等。如：Whetheryoucandoitbyyourselfmainlydependsonyourability,notyourage.WhatIneedmostnowismoretimeandmorepatience.Whenyoucanfinishtheworkisofgreatimportance.,主语从句,that引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，不作句子成分。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。如：Thattheteacherwilleiscertain.Itisapity(that)youmadesuchacarelessmistake.,常见由it作形式主语的句型如下：It+be+n.+从句。常见名词有：fact,rule,pleasure,truth,pity等。如：ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itsarulethatnewmembersmustsingasong.It+be+adj.+从句。常见形容词有：true,important,necessary,clear,certain等。如：Itstruethattheearthisround.Itwasimportantthatyourest.,It+v.+从句。常用动词：seem,appear,happen,follow等。如：ItseemsthatIvemadeamistake.Itappearedtoscientistsonearththatthestarshadmoved.It+be+v-ed+主语从句。常用过去分词：known,said,proven,asked,suggested等。如：ItswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.Itssaidthathewasaspyduringthewar.,如果主语从句置于句首，则不能用if引导，而用whether；但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。如：WhetherTomreallysawSharonwasdoubtful.Itwasdoubtfulwhether/ifTomreallysawSharon.,1._weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.(2015北京卷)A.WhereB.HowC.WhyD.When句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。,高考链接,B,2.Exactly_thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.(2014大纲卷)A.whetherB.whyC.whenD.how句义：土豆确切是在何时被引进到欧洲还不确定，但是大约是在1565年左右。Whether表示“是否”，why表示“原因”；how表示“方式”。根据后半句itwasprobablyaround1565.可知本句谈论的是时间。故C正确。,C,3.(2016北京卷)24.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork._youcandohelps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever试题分析：题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“_youcando”是主语部分，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。,C,4.(2016江苏卷)21.Itisoftenthecase_anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that试题分析：本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。链接副词why要在居中做状语，连接代词what通常在居中做主语，宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。,D,用适当的连接词填空。Itisknown1._homeworkisanimportantpartofschoollifeinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.However,2._homeworkhasagreateducationalvalueisstilladebateamongteachers.Somethink3._homeworktakestoomuchtimeawayfromothermoreusefulactivities.Othersseehomeworkasreinforcing(加强)schoollessonssothat4._studentshavelearnedwillnotbeforgotten.,that,that,whether,what,5._isoftenignoredinthisdebateistheroleofparentalinvolvement(参与)and6._ornotthechildshomeprovidessupportforeffective(有效的)homework.Itwasnotcleartosomepeople7._parentalinvolvementcaninfluencetheeffectivenessofhomework.Itistrue8._parentsinlow-inefamiliesdonthavethetimetomakehomeworkmoreimportantthanotherthingsorarentabletoaffordaputeroradditionalbooks.,how,What,whether,that,However,9._onlymiddle-classparentssupporttheirchildrenseducationisquiteobviouslywrong.Notallrichparentsgivethesupporttheyshould,andsomeparentslivinginthepoorestconditionsfindtimeandenergytoinvolvethemselvesintheirchildrenshomework.,that,写作,【写作任务】根据目前对某市高中生心理状况调查显示，大部分学生普遍存在的最严重的心理问题是自信心不足。主要原因有：1.学生交际范围狭窄；2.家长的期望过高；3.学校存在不恰当的比较和评价(evaluation)方式。,说明文写作如何解决问题,假如你是该市某英语学习报的兼职编辑，请根据以上提示信息，写一篇英文短文，点明问题，并给出合理的解决方法。注意：1.词数120左右。2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_,【写作指导】解决问题类说明文，是针对某一问题，向读者提出具体的解决办法。该类文章主要包含以下内容：问题；产生的原因；如何解决；对解决办法的评价。就本篇写作而言，可分为三个段落：第一段：点明问题，明确需要解决的问题是学生的心理问题。第二段：分析学生的心理问题存在的原因并提出解决问题的办法。第三段：对所提出的解决方法进行适当论述。,【常用表达】1.Problems:.isreallyaproblem.Oneofthedifficultiesis./Thequestionis.Itisdifficult/hardtodo.isaproblemthatwehavetoface.Itisofgreatimportanceforusto.Ithasbeethebiggestconcernof.Unlesswetakeeffectivemeasures,itislikelythat.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,therearemoreandmore.,2.Reasons:Thereisnodoubtthatthereasonwhy.isthat.Thereasonsfor.canbelistedasfollows.Thefollowingthreefactorscontributeto.Firstofall,.Secondly,.Thirdly,.,3.Solutions:Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneto.Wehavefiguredoutmanywaysto.Onlyinthiswaycanwe.Tosolvethementionedproblems,wemust.Firstly,.Secondly,.Finally,.Theremightbetwosolutions.Thefirstoneisto.Wecansolvetheproblemby.Inotherwords,thebestwaytosolvetheproblemis.,4.Conclusions:Inaword/Tosumup.Bydoing.youwill.Withthehelpof.wecanmanagetoovere/pullthroughthesedifficulties.Wemustfindoutnewwaystocopewithanyproblemsthatwouldarise.,【参考范文】Accordingtoarecentsurvey,mosthighschoolstudentsinourcityappeartolackself-confidence,whichhasbeenthemostseriouspsychologicalproblem.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thenarrowrangeofinterpersonalmunicationisoneofthemainreasons.Thehighexpectationfromparentsisoftensaidtobeanothercause.Also,therestillexistsomeimproperparisonandevaluationmethodsinmanyschools.,Itshightimethatsomethingweredonetosolvetheproblem.First,studentsshouldmunicatemorewithothers.Second,parentsshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirchildrensthoughts.Finally,schoolsshouldchangetheirparisonandevaluationmethods.Inmyopinion,allthesechangeswillcertainlyhelpstudentsbuilduptheirself-confidenceaslongastheyaredoneproperly.,巩固练习,I.用适当的介词填空。1.Charleswasverygentle_histwokids.2.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcame_existence.3.Itwasathrillingexperienceforhertobe_herfirstjourneytotheUSAallalone.4.Itsreportedthatfruitjuicescanbeharmful_childrensteeth.,with,into,on,to,5.Someunderstandingofgrammarisfundamental_learningalanguage.,to,aswellas,intime,inonesturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthto,II.选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。,1.Imgoingtorelax_theschoolyearisover.2.Youdbetter_thosestairs.Theyareslippery.3.Weputonmusicto_thesoundofthetraffic,butinvain.,nowthat,watchoutfor,blockout,aswellas,intime,inonesturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthto,4.Ourcat_fourkittenslastsummer.Theywerereallylovely.5.EvahadnotbeenfriendlytoPeteandhe,_,wascoldtoherwhenshecametostay.6.Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefire_,andthenitspreadquickly.,givebirthto,inhisturn,brokeout,aswellas,intime,inonesturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthto,7.TheSmithsarrivedjust_tocatchthelasttrainoutoftown.8.Heisanexcellentteacher_beingafinemusician.,intime,aswellas,III.选用方框内合适的连接词填空（每个连接词限用一次）。,what,that,who,how,where,whether,why,when,1.Itssurprising_quicklytheweathercanchangehere.2.Itisuncertain_sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout.3.Hasitbeenannounced_theplaneistotakeoff?Yes.Halfpastten.,how,what,when,what,that,who,how,where,whether,why,when,4._thetempleoncestoodisnowalargeparkinggarage.5.Itneveroccurredtome_youcouldsucceedinpersuadingJimtochangehismind.6._wequalifyornotdependsonhowweplaythenextgame.7.Itisstillopentoquestion_istoheadthegroup.8._theseChinesestatuesareinaFrenchmuseumisanimportantpartofourstorytoday.,Where,that,Whether,who,Why,IV.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1._(与多数系统不同),thisoneisveryeasytouse.2.Asshotsrangout,thecrowd_(跑向四面八方).3.Heressomeinformationthatmayhelpyousignin_(首次).4._(我们的问题成倍增加)sincelastyear.,Unlikemostsystems,raninalldirections,forthefirsttime,Ourproblemshavemultiplied,5.JennywasillsoIsenthersomeflowersto_(使她高兴起来).6.Han