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长 江 大 学姓名 陈勇学号 201003635班级 计科1001 FPGA technology in the automotive applicationBecause the field programmable gate array ( FPGA ) technology with custom logic function and high reliability, so, the engineer has FPGA technology into test system, to solve the automotive electronics design and test difficulty, satisfy the low cost,System scalability and complex test environment. This article will explore the FPGA relevant technology in the automotive application.The application of FPGA technology fieldFPGA ( Field Programmable Gate Array ), is PAL, GAL, PLD programmable device further development of the product, its logic function by the internal arrangement of the logic cell array completed. Logic unit array includes configurable logic module, input and output module and internal connection ( Interconnect ) three parts. The Engineer may through the software programming of FPGA internal logic module and I/O module reconfiguration, to implement a custom logic.FPGA technology has many advantages, including custom I/O hardware timing and synchronization, high reliability, digital signal processing and analysis. These advantages for the fast growing automotive electronics testing technology provides a flexible and low cost solution. Based on the FPGA technology of automotive electronics applications including data acquisition and to the electronic control unit ( ECU ) ( HIL ) of hardware in the loop simulation.2) ECU hardware in the loop simulationHardware in the loop simulation as an important part of the design process, the virtual operation environment equipment are very realistic practical I/O simulation. The most obvious advantage is the actual situation was simulated, and does not produce actual danger. You can be in the real world cannot be realized under extreme conditions of control device for testing - in theory the car can reach maximum speed test. Powerful high fidelity hardware in loop real time simulation not only by shortening the cycle of development accelerate time to market, but also because during the test without the use of actual hardware and reduces the equipment cost and maintenance cost. ECU is used for automobile engine and transmission system to control the electronic device, which receives the transmission speed, the crankshaft and camshaft speed and throttle position signal, this information is processed to generate control engine, used for the signal and the transmission parameters. As the core component of the car, ECU design in any one tiny mistake can result in fatal car crash. This makes the hardware in the loop simulation become the final application on ECU before testing was performed with the standard method.A typical hardware in loop system (see Figure 1 ) for engine model simulation of the controller, the controller operates in real time environment and Simulation on engine dynamic characteristics; I/O module is used for receiving ECU output signal will result in engine simulation after the feedback signal to the ECU, using FPGA technology can create custom I/O to meet the needs of simulation conditions for various signal requirements, such as for detonation, spark, engine position sensor, fuel injector and manifold pressure synchronous signal, and a switch, temperature, pedals, throttle and the car speed asynchronous signal; in addition also includes test data recording and testing procedures. In order to form a complete system, also need a host operation interface, and is matched with the corresponding test management software and subsequent data analysis software.Due to hardware in the loop test requires the system at high speed, a plurality of input / output device between the accurate timing and synchronization is very important. For example, you can use the FPGA I/O to controller outputs a variable reluctance sensor signal, and ensure the controller at the right time and right under the current open and close the fuel injector. Compared with the traditional customization system based on FPGA technology system is compared, in achieving accurate and synchronous waveform generation and acquisition has obvious advantages, it can implement more than one I/O at a high speed synchronization, and rapid completion of signal data and input / output information conversion between.In addition to the realization of the hardware in the loop simulation for ECU, FPGA can also be applied to ECU rapid prototyping design, from hardware level and validate the control algorithm and model results, while FPGA parallel will allow more rapid control loop is integrated in the same system. For example, Drivven FPGA reconfigurable performance, realization of Yamaha YZ? -R6 engine control system prototype design, while avoiding in the design process to purchase multiple custom hardware needs, thereby reducing the cost.Graphical FPGA programmingFPGA technology has many advantages, such as custom logic, high reliability, and can be widely applied to vehicle test and ECU design process. But the engineers in the FPGA programming, often need to master hardware design language such as VHDL knowledge. While the graphical development tools, such as National Instruments ( NI ) efficient graphical development environment LabVIEW, is designed for the need to establish a flexible scalability testing measurement and control application system engineers and scientists to design, to meet them at the lowest cost, fastest speed the development of system requirements.LabVIEW intuitive graphical development characteristic, enables the engineer to focus more on the development of function, rather than code, thereby greatly shorten the development time and cost. LabVIEW is an open software platform, for some specific applications, provide a wide range of kit and module to enhance and accelerate the system development. For example, the LabVIEW FPGA module, the engineer without hardware description language and hardware design related professional knowledge, will be on the WINDOWS operating system, through the graphical development custom FPGA logic code and download to FPGA hardware to achieve the goal, to create a custom hardware. As shown in Figure 2, using LabVIEW FPGA achieve CAN data and digital or analog signal nanosecond synchronization measurement. When the test request for changes, can be downloaded through the new code to the FPGA, without the need for a new custom hardware. At the same time, provide the VHDL language interface, for the convenience of engineers by using existing VHDL code. The LabVIEW Real-Time module for real time hardware target development time deterministic application. In addition, additional LabVIEW simulation interface toolkit implements the LabVIEW and MathWorks Simulink ( R ) software ( the software you can place your algorithm model from Simulink ( R ) into LabVIEW seamless connection between ). In short, a graphical development software LabVIEW will greatly improve the work efficiency.Figure 2 using NI LabVIEW achieve FPGA graphical programmingUsing the LabVIEW FPGA software and reconfigurable hardware technology, to create a high performance control and acquisition system. The following two examples, based on FPGA hardware platform in automobile electronic technology application.User solution 1: portable data acquisition systemOn-board data acquisition and signal types include temperature signal ( thermocouple, RTD ), sound and vibration signal (with IEPE excitation of the acceleration sensor or microphone ), pressure and load signals ( strain gauges or weighing sensor), a position signal ( LVDT or linear potentiometer ), speed signal ( encoder ), control bus signals ( CAN, J1350, ODBII ), and a video signal. These signals are used in automotive performance evaluation.The German Goepel Electronic companies in the face of these signal types, environment condition is complex, there are a large number of data storage requirements, for vehicle testing analysis and online diagnosis of portable test equipment, selected the NI CompactRIO embedded control system, the LabVIEW FPGA module and LabVIEW module of Real-Time. In a very short period of time developed the CARLOS ( in-car logging system ), plus CompactRIO platform is a low cost solution, thereby saving budget.Figure 3 the Goepel CARLOS data acquisition systemThe hardware platform of CompactRIO ( see Figure 3) is an embedded system based on FPGA technology. The FPGA chip is the CompactRIO architecture core, direct and corresponding vehicle module. Vehicle module can be directly and vehicle sensors, actuators and network connected, and to provide a signal conditioning, isolation and can bus. The platform contains an embedded processor, which can be used to work independently, deterministic control, data recording and analysis. CompactRIO is small, strong mechanical package, can bear 50g shock and -40 to 70temperature range, with double input voltage ( 9-35V ), directly from the vehicle battery power. All of these make CARLOS applies complex in-vehicle testing environment and limited space for testing.The system has been successfully used in the laboratory, a wind tunnel test on the field and auto test, can long time recording data. In addition, by selecting the corresponding vehicle module and a built-in applications, to achieve different test requirements. For example, in order to achieve the winter or summer test of engine thermal management system evaluation, simply select the temperature signal corresponding to the vehicle module and has good development of LabVIEW application procedures; at the same time, the program provides alarm, report generation toolkit implementation using LabVIEW data into the EXCEL table, or directly into the database, history data view and other functions. In addition, based on the FPGA CompcatRIO open test architecture allows the user to expand the system or to further the development of custom test system.2: user solutions for BMW V12 petrol engine hardware in loop simulationMicroNova LabVIEW FPGA based on NI module and NI PXI-7831R repeatable configuration I/O module, developed a new, flexible programmable engine hardware in the loop simulation system ( see Figure 4), the system is capable of directly on the cylinder BMW 12 concept car gasoline injector simulation, it is the worlds first to in this case the simulation system.Figure 3 the Goepel CARLOS data acquisition systemThe hardware platform of CompactRIO ( see Figure 3) is an embedded system based on FPGA technology. The FPGA chip is the CompactRIO architecture core, direct and corresponding vehicle module. Vehicle module can be directly and vehicle sensors, actuators and network connected, and to provide a signal conditioning, isolation and can bus. The platform contains an embedded processor, which can be used to work independently, deterministic control, data recording and analysis. CompactRIO is small, strong mechanical package, can bear 50g shock and -40 to 70temperature range, with double input voltage ( 9-35V ), directly from the vehicle battery power. All of these make CARLOS applies complex in-vehicle testing environment and limited space for testing.The system has been successfully used in the laboratory, a wind tunnel test on the field and auto test, can long time recording data. In addition, by selecting the corresponding vehicle module and a built-in applications, to ac