2019届高三英语上学期第五次月考试题(含解析) (I).doc

2019届高三英语上学期第五次月考试题(含解析) (I)第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy - they re given after all. Choices can be hard.-Jeff Bezos.I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. Id never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30 years old, and Id been married for a year. I told my life MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldnt work since most start-ups dont, and I wasnt sure what to expect. MacKenzie told me I should go for it. As a young boy, Id been a garage inventor. Id always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I admired very much. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a pany selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said. “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didnt already have a good job. That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but eventually, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didnt think Id regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision not to try at all.After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and Im proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.1. What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore?A. His dream of being an inventor. B. The support of his wife.C. The greatly increasing usage of the Internet. D. Millions of exciting titles.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A. The idea of not trying would keep ing to his mind and disturb him.B. He would be very excited if he tried it out.C. He would be always having a doubt if he didnt try.D. The decision not to the online bookstore would terrify him.3. We can know from the passage that .A. the boss thought the idea was suitable for the authorB. the author wanted someone else to try the ideaC. the author might not regret if he failed the ideaD. the author might go back to his boss if he failed4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Cleverness and Kindness B. The Starting of AmazonC. Following My Passion D. We Are What We Choose【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D【解析】试题分析：文章讲述的是亚马逊网站创始人的故事。才智是与生俱来的，而善良是后天可以选择的。天赋易得，选择难做。在贝佐斯16岁的时候，他惊叹于互联网的迅速发展，于是萌发了建立网上书店的想法。在得到妻子的支持以后，他辞去了待遇很好的工作，虽然老板曾试图留住他，但贝佐斯最终决定把自己的想法付诸实践。1. C细节理解题。根据第二段“I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. Id never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me.”可知，互联网的迅速发展让作者感到吃惊，也让作者萌生了创建一个网络书店的想法，故选C。2. A推理判断题。根据第三段段意和“I didnt think Id regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.”可知，老板想说服作者留下来，作者有些动摇，但经过思考之后，作者决定辞职建网站，作者不害怕尝试和失败，但会因为想法没有付诸实践而愧疚。故选A。3. B推理判断题。根据第三段“I decided I had to give it a shot. I didnt think Id regret trying and failing.”可知，作者认为自己将不会为尝试和失败感到后悔。故选B。4. D主旨大意题。根据最后一段“After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and Im proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.”可知，作者把自己的热情付诸了实践，并且获得了成功。是我们的选择才成就了我们每一个人。故选D。【名师点睛】一、人物传记类文章的文体特征：人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。二、人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧1、把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。2、抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型，一般常见以下几种类型：(1)对号入座题：这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要读懂文章，掌握文章中的事实，如时间、地点、事件等细节问题，就能选对正确答案。(2)词义转换题：这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。例如：第22题，根据第三段段意和“I didnt think Id regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.”可知，老板想说服作者留下来，作者有些动摇，但经过思考之后，作者决定辞职建网站，作者不害怕尝试和失败，但会因为想法没有付诸实践而愧疚。故选A。(3)是非题：该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干多为：Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容，剩下一个符合，题干多为：Which of the followingisNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT(4)排序题：这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。(5)指代理解题：一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何，在做事实细节题时，可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。这样一来，既提高了阅读的速度，又能确保答案的准确率。同时，建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子，这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。3、抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为：(1)细节推断题：要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。例如：第21题，就是一道细节题，只要根据第二段“I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. Id never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me.”就可知，互联网的迅速发展让作者感到吃惊，也让作者萌生了创建一个网络书店的想法，故选C。(2)因果推断题：要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。(3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题：人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时，要注意：(1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。(2)对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。(3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。(5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的，以便推测作者的观点和态度。考点：考查人物传记类短文阅读。BGet Your Degree at home!Have you ever wondered what a degree might be worth to you in your job or career? It means a lot.Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma.Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of todays growing fieldswithout having to go to college full-time. With Harcourt, you can study at home in your spare time so you dont have to give up your present job while you train for a better one. Choose from exciting majors like Business Management, Accounting, Dressmaking & Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, puter Science, Engineering, and more!Your training includes everything you need!Books, lessons, learning aidseven professional-quality tools and equipment-everything you need to master your training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition price you pay.Your education is nationally recognized!Nearly 2,000 American panies including General Electric, IBM, Mobile, Genera! Motors, Ford, and many others-have used our training for their employees. If panies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employers in your area will, too!Earn your degree in as little as two years! Get a career diploma in just six months!The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before, you can get valuable job skills in todays hottest fields! Step-by-step lessons make learning easy . Prepare for promotions, pay raises, even start a business of your own.Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at-home training!Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon(参赛表)above. Then, write in the name and number of the program youre most interested in, and mail it today. Well rush you free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities in the field youve chosen. Act today!Mail the coupon today or call the number below:1-800-372-1589. Call anytime 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.E-mail: harcourtlearning.5. What kind of people will probably answer this advertisement?A. High school graduates preparing to have at-home trainingB. College students preparing to study for a degree.C. College students preparing to work in some big panies.D. High school graduates preparing for the college entrance examination.6. With Harcourt, people can get a Specialized Associate Degree by .A. doing full-time learning at schoolB. working in some big famous paniesC. studying in their spare timeD. staying abroad for two years7. How can you contact Harcourt Learning Direct?A. By visiting the office on weekdays.B. By sending an E-mail.C. By making a call on weekdays only,D. By sending a letter not later than today【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了Harcourt Learning Direct给高中毕业生提供业余时间在家学习拿专门副学位的机会，以及学习内容、联系方式等细节。5. A推理判断题。根据第二段without having to go to college full-time. With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time so you dont have to give up your present job while you train for a better one.可知是针对高中毕业生上大学的，可以业余时间在家学，故选A.6. C细节推理题。根据第二段With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time so you dont have to give up your present job while you train for a better one.可知人们可以通过业余时间学习获得专门的副学位，故选C.7. B细节推理题。根据文章最后Mail coupon today! Or call the number below 1-800-372-1589. Call anytime, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. .harcourt-learning. E-mail: Harcourtlearning. 可知联系方式可以随时打电话或电子邮件，故选B.考点：考查广告类短文阅读。【名师点睛】做好细节理解题的几点建议：细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；比如本文讲述了一条狗忠诚地陪在生病的小主人身边的故事，主人的收留给了狗一个家，狗又成了小主人的伙伴。按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。比如文章第14小题根据第二段With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time so you dont have to give up your present job while you train for a better one.可知人们可以通过业余时间学习获得专门的副学位，故选C.第15小题根据文章最后Mail coupon today! Or call the number below 1-800-372-1589. Call anytime, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. .harcourt-learning. E-mail: Harcourtlearning. 可知联系方式可以随时打电话或电子邮件，故选B.CMany kids help out around the house with chores such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances(补贴）or other rewards such as extra puter time.But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isnt worth doing unless you get something in return. Running any kind of household is a team effort, Susie said. A home is a living space for everyone in the family. Its important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.”Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed(兑取) either online or in the real world. With the ChoreMonster app, kids earn digital points by pleting chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards, says Chris Bergman, founder of ChoreMonster. “Kids need positive reinforcement（强化）to help motivate them.What do you think? Should kids be rewarded for doing chores? Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return?Write a 200-word response. Send it to tfkasks4youtimeforkids. Your response may be published in a future issue of Time For Kids. Please include your grade and contact information of your parent or teacher if you want your response to be published. The deadline for responding is February 18.8. How does the author start the passage?A. By presenting some facts. B. By listing some evidence.C. By paring different views. D. By stating his own experiences.9. According to Susie Walton, .A. kids should be rewarded for doing choresB. parents decide what kids can do for the familyC. kids have the responsibility to share houseworkD. kids can get extra puter time for doing chores10. Paragraph 3 is mainly about .A. Chris Bergmans opinion on raising kidsB. main reasons why kids need encouragementC. how to motivate kids to try new applicationsD. the advantage of rewarding kids for doing chores11. The purpose of writing the text is to .A. invite readers to express their opinionsB. inform readers of two different opinionsC. call on readers to reflect on their behaviorD. present the authors viewpoint about parenting【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A【解析】本文主要对孩子在家里做家务到底要不得到报酬进行讨论，进而要求读者表达他们的观点。8. A推理判断题。根据第一段所述：许多孩子在家里帮忙做家务，比如清空洗碗机，把衣服收起来，然后把垃圾拿出去。在交流中，有些孩子得到津贴或其他奖励，如额外的计算机时间。可知作者是通过陈述事实来开始这一段文章的。故选A9. C细节理解题。根据第二段Susie said, “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. Its important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house,”可知，根据Susie Walton所说，孩子们有分担家务的责任。故选C10. D段落大意题。根据第三段内容特别是开头句Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money.（其他人认为，获得现金津贴或其他报酬能激励孩子做家务，并且它也教他们关于我们是多么需要工作赚钱这一真实世界的教训。）可知，第三段主要说的是奖励孩子做家务的好处。故选D.11. A目的意图题。根据倒数第二段What do you think? Should kids be rewarded for doing chores? Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return?可知，写这篇文章是邀请读者发表意见。故选ADPlants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度）and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.“ We do not yet know the mechanisms(机制）involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected,” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we cant yet quantify. The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物）smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing.Warm-blooded animals arent immune(免除）from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaken And polar bears are smaller, pared with historical records.This is not the first time this has happened in Earths history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.12. What does the text mainly talk about/A. Why some species bee smaller.B. How climate changes in Earths history?C. Climate change has many negative effects.D. Species are being smaller as climate gets warmer.13. The underlined word “trumped” m the first paragraph probably mean .A. beater B. gainedC. strengthened D. equaled14. Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that .A. they have found the exact causes for creatures getting smaller.B. increase in energy use can lead to creatures getting smaller.C. climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals.D. all the animals on the earth have bee smaller.15. What does the author feel about the climate change?A. Worried B. OptimisticC. Disappointed D. Shameful【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A【解析】本文主要介绍了通过研究表明，随着气候转暖，物种变得越来越小了。12. D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了通过研究表明，随着气候转暖，物种变得越来越小了。故选D.13. A猜测词意题。根据划线句上一句Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,可知，预计随着大气中二氧化碳的增加，植物会变大。而接下来的but说明的相反的结果可知句子 but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度）and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide.（但是在温度、湿度和营养获取上的变化似乎已经胜过了增加了的二氧化碳的好处。），可以猜测出划线词是A. beater（胜过）的意思。故选A.14. B细节理解题。根据第四段Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.可知，新加坡国立大学的研究人员相信能源使用的增加会导致生物变小。故选B.15. A推理判断题。根据最后一段所说：现代气候变化的速度可能意味着生物体可能反应不够快或适应得不够快，特别是那些世代较长的生物，气候变化将在未来显现出来。我们可以推断出作者对气候的变化是十分担心的。故选A.【名师点睛】猜测词义题的常见考查形式及解题方法：猜测词义题是考试必考题，也是难点之所在。但是如果我们掌握方法，难点也会变易。猜测词义题的常见解题方法有：1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；2、根据同位关系进行猜测；3、根据构词法（合成、派生、转化等）进行猜测；4、根据因果关系进行猜测；5、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测；6、根据同义关系进行猜测；7、根据转折或对比关系进行猜测；8、通过上下文理解猜测词义。 其中第8条通过上下文理解猜测词义用得最多。第2题猜测词意题。根据划线句上一句Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,可知，预计随着大气中二氧化碳的增加，植物会变大。而接下来的but说明的相反的结果可知句子 but changes in tempera