BBC美丽中国第六集中英文字幕.doc

wild China.美丽中国（Wild China）第六集 潮汐更迭 Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起 From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14,500公里 Chinas coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史 and more than 5,000 years of history.在这个方面显示了 This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距 between Chinas past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线 Today Chinas eastern seaboard有七亿人口 is home to 700 million people,居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市 packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth.然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富 Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.现在 古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀 Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations,那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗 is there any room at all for wildlife on Chinas crowded shores?谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区 In northern Chinas Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土 a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里 in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来 For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇 as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁 Their statues were placed next to the Emperors throne.鹤因此而受到赞扬 The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望 This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一 Red-crowned cranes are one of the worlds most endangered species.在过去的一个世纪 Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地 China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物 and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙 this chick and its parents will face a long migration south来躲避北方的严冬 to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前 Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响 which has been greatly affected by human activity.在它们的征途上 Along their journey, the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军 by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾 All heading south across the Bohai Gulf沿海岸的黄海和中国东海 and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海 some even reaching as far as the South China Sea寻找一个安全的冬季避难所 in search of a safe winter haven.每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久 The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.在中国东北海岸的锦屏山 Here at Mount Jinping on Chinas northeast coast,存留着人类 there is surprising evidence曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹 that people have lived here almost as long.七千年前 Seven thousand years ago,少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号 members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理 representing significant elements of their daily lives.这种岩石雕刻显示出 The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址 the first known recordings of cultivation in China. 因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观 Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近 Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所 an important wintering site for migrant birds,即使在今天 仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进 and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系 who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁 Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸 on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula,以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世 is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.在早春料峭的清晨 On a chilly morning in early spring,屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气 Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light带着海民的传统工具桶和小铲 armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.当屈家人朝着港湾前进 As the Qus head down into the harbour,一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅 known affectionately here as winter angels,在海湾醒来 are waking out in the bay.屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中 The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes寻找管状的孔 in the mud at low tide,那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底 the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣 While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,当地人以出海为主要营生 the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上 As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,天鹅并肩掠过 the swans set a parallel course.整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场 The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶 The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上 that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻 The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes而非更有价值的产物 rather than the valuable crop of kelp,所以它们无损经济作物的生长 so they do no harm to the commercial operation.下午 当风在海上生起 In the afternoon, as the wind picks up out at sea,工人和天鹅退回岸边 the workers and swans return to shore.当追求与自然和谐的文化 While the culture of seeking balance with nature历经远路回归中国的时候 goes back a long way in China,在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系 it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on Chinas crowded coast.当夜晚降临 As evening draws on,屈家人准备了扇贝 the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳 steamed bread and seaweed.孩子们谈话声 (KIDS CHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅 Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣 Its fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给 an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.天鹅已经利用这个庇护港 The swans have been using this sheltered bay作为冬天的过冬地 at as a winter refuge for many generations.只要敬重自然的传统还在 As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的 this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community奇妙友谊就会持续下去 and their winter angels looks set to continue.在渤海湾 天鹅村的最东北处 Out in the Bohai Gulf, northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地 a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险 But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升 蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年 Pallas pit vipers trapped here 6,000 years ago by rising sea levels这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式 have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有10个月 For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物 there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力 so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.鸟群鸣叫 (BIRDS CAWING)当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖 As the sun warms their rocky home,这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛 the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的 But they arent here to sunbathe.越来越多的毒蛇出现了 More and more vipers appear事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地 until virtually every perch where a bird might land等着鸟们上钩 has been booby-trapped.“守猎”游戏开始了 Then the waiting game begins.蛇隐藏得很好 The serpents camouflage is remarkable,但是蛇攻击鸟的时候 but so are the birds reactions,鸟的反应同样迅速 as this high-speed shot reveals.鸟群只在岛上停留几周 The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了 But although the snakes have been starving for months,但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径 their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient只能是潜藏起来耐心等待 and sit tight.即便最微小的失误 The slightest miscalculation也会导致狩猎的失败 and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味 The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,毒蛇用分叉的舌头 the viper using its forked tongue分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物 to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry.最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物 The final challenge is to swallow a meal thats twice the size of its head.蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向 It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey使鸟嘴指向后边 so the beak is pointing backwards.对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂 For the reptiles, this time of plenty is all too brief.再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了 In a couple of weeks, the migration will be over鸟群会继续前进 and the birds will have moved on.这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐 This could be the snakes last meal for six months.但是并不是岛上会经历 But it isnt just islands盛宴和饥馑的循环 that experience cycles of feast and famine.海也有季节变化 The sea, too, has its seasons,沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化 a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.在初望港 In Chuwang harbour,盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明 the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.但是对于船主老赵来说 But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷 its a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神 Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,来确保他们来年捕鱼 he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead顺利安全 for him and his crew.同时 鼓声 爆竹反映了古人的信念 Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气 that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.台子中间的那个是海龙的象征 Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon,传说海龙控制着水和天气 mythical ruler of water and weather.夜晚风平浪静 In the calm of the evening,赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼 Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神 Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess,这个传统世代传递着 a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.在中国拥挤的海岸线上 On Chinas crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏 fishermen need to be extremely resourceful.收渔网是一项繁重的工作 Hauling in the nets is hard work,目前为止还没有看到鱼 and so far theres not a fish in sight.只有海蜇 Only jellyfish.每年 无数的海蜇 Each year, millions of jellyfish被渤海湾的水流带到南方 are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.这种现象的生态学原因很复杂 The ecological story behind this event is complex,但决不是中国特有的 but by no means unique to China.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物 Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders.近些年来 人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥 In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度 have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物 providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼 海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了 While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.这种现象已经 Its a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延 across the worlds seas.然而 别的地方认为是个问题 However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,在中国却被当成机会 in China is perceived as an opportunity.岸上 Back on shore,四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里 mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses在那里处理后销往全国 where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片 Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish,这道菜可以延年益寿 the recipe for a long and healthy life.离开了渤海湾 Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,迁徙的鹤群 migrating cranes,篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类 spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地 all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海 The birds migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省 down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地 with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.大丰 At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园 a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive.中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物 The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal,有像马一样的头 with a horses head,牛一样的脚 cows feet,驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey朝向后边的鹿角 and backwards-facing antlers.在西方 自从第一个欧洲人 In the West, we know it as Davids Deer,叫它麋鹿以后 我们也这样叫了 after the first European to describe it.在发情期 During the rut,雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己 stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的 collected in their antlers.激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权 Fierce battles decide mating rights.雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿 The females still have last years fawns in tow.母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶 They havent been weaned by the time of the rut幼鹿聚在一起 and band together in large crhes,只回到自己母亲那里喂食 only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿 This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在 中国仅存2500头麋鹿了 Today, there are just 2,500 Milu in China,很明显如果再多也很有限 but it is remarkable that there are any at all.在20世纪初期 野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝 In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲 but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey, in England, prospered.20世纪80年代 40头鹿被送回了故乡 And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland它们在那里继续繁衍生息 where they continue to thrive.迁徙的鹤群至今已经 The migrating cranes have so far travelled顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了 over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区 Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng,它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地 they are approaching another salt marsh那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件 which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地 This is Yancheng, the largest coastal wetland in China,每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里 visited by an estimated three million birds each year.(嘎嘎的叫声） (SQUAWKING)刚出生七个月的幼鹤 Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago完成了第一次来回旅行 have now completed the first leg of a round trip它们将会每年重复这样 which they will repeat every year.坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度 The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures温度可能降到零度以下 which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类 比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭 However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐寒 are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候 and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.(嘎嘎的叫声） (SQUAWKING)在这里 许多迁徙的鸟群 At this point, many of the migrating bird flocks勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半 are barely halfway along their southward journey.在它们前面还有新的挑战 Ahead of them lies a new challenge,中国最伟大的河长江 Chinas greatest river, the Yangtze,是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地 and the venue for a very different kind of migration.每年 上百万吨的货物往来江面 Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一 making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹 These are Chinese mitten crabs,因它们长毛爪子得名 named for their strange hairy claws.它们可以迁移长达1500公里 They may migrate as much as 1,500 kilometres从支流和湖泊一直到河口 from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth,他们在那里繁殖后代 where they gather to breed.中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon,中华鲟能长到4米长 半吨重 which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.近些年来 它们的数量骤减 In recent years, its numbers have declined dramatically这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了 as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇 But it isnt just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏 the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.虽然有显耀的清理计划项目 In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan,估计长江是最大的 today the river is reckoned to be the biggest污染太平洋的单向水源 single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.坐落于长江入海口的 Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟 Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot提供了重要的休养生息的地方 for migrating shorebirds,人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变 and a place which offers w