高考英语一轮复习语法专项一动词的时态和语态课件外研版.ppt

语法精讲强化系列一、动词的时态和语态,考点1一般时态1.一般现在时(1)表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如usually,often,always,sometimes,everyday等。*OnMondaymorningitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetowork.,(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,只限于go,come,leave,start,stop,arrive,begin,return,open,close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。*Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.,(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。*Youwillsurelysucceedifyoutryyourbest.,【典例剖析】(2016全国卷)Someclassmatessuggestwegotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.(改错),解题关键:根据句中动词suggest,is可知,应指目前的想法,应用一般现在时。答案判定:thought改为think,(2015全国卷)Thiscycle_(go)dayafterday.Thewallswarmupduringtheday.(填空),解题关键:时间状语为dayafterday,且根据第二句的warm用了一般现在时可知此处表示目前的情况,所以用一般现在时。答案判定:goes,2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday,lastyear,in1995,theotherday等作时间状语。*Itwasaterriblepieceofworkyouturnedinyesterday.,(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。*Hesaidhewouldnotgoifitrained.(3)表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时,know,think,expect等动词常用一般过去时。*Ididntexpecttomeetyouhere.我没料到会在这里碰见你。,【辨析】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,*TheyvegonetoParissofar.他们目前已经去巴黎了(说明他们现在不在这里)。*TheywenttoParislastyear.他们去年去过巴黎(只说明去过,不表明是否现在仍在那里)。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016全国卷)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand_(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.,解题关键:根据主句谓语动词believed可知,此处讲的是孔子过去的想法,应该用一般过去时。答案判定:were,(2015全国卷)ItwasraininglightlywhenI_(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidntcare.,解题关键:句意:就在天亮之前我到了阳朔,天下着小雨。但是我关心的不是这件事。根据主句wasraining以及第二句话的didnt可知,记叙的是过去发生的事情,应该使用一般过去时。答案判定:arrived,3.一般将来时(1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即单纯的将来事实。*HewillgraduatefromBeijingUniversitynextyear.,(2)三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构:begoingtodosth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。*Really?Youregoingtowalkthedog?betodosth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。*Wearetoobeytheseruleswhenwegointothelibrary.,beabouttodosth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。*Thetrainisabouttoleave.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015全国卷)Ifyouareabletocomewithus,pleaseletusknowandwe_(wait)foryouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.,解题关键:根据if从句用的是一般现在时表示将来,可知主句用will+动词原形表示一般将来时。答案判定:willwait,【高考题组】单句语法填空/改错1.(2016四川高考)Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother_(drive)theyoungpandaaway.2.(2015全国卷)Yangshuo_(be)reallybeautiful.3.(2015广东高考)Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she_(fall)overthehillanddied.,drove,is,fell,4.(2015全国卷)Wellalsospendsomefuntimetogethersinging,dancingandplayinggames,whichwehope_(make)themhappy.5.(2016四川高考)BothDadandIplannedtodosomethingonMothersDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.(改错)_,willmake,get改为got,6.(2015全国卷)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(改错)_7.(2015全国卷)Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.(改错)_,think改为thought,begun改为began,8.(2015四川高考)AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendshere.(改错)_,tell改为told,考点2进行时态1.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作、存在的状态或者表示现阶段(atpresent,thisweek等)正在进行的动作、存在的状态(说话时动作不一定进行或存在)。*ExpertsarewonderingnowiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.,(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come,go,leave,get,start,open,arrive,begin,return等常用现在进行时表将来。*Someofthesearegettingscarcebecausepeoplekillthemforvariousreasons.,(3)现在(或者过去)进行时态与always,constantly,often,forever,continually等副词连用表示说话者的“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等感情色彩。*Thegirlisalwaystalkingaloudinpublicplaces.,【辨析】,*Heusuallywritesalotofletters,butheisntwritingatpresent.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015北京高考)I_(write)totellyoumyexcitingplanforthesummerholiday.,解题关键:此句是书信的开头语,强调现在正在写信,故用现在进行时。答案判定:amwriting,2.过去进行时(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。*Nowtwenty-twoyearsold,hewasstudyingwetlandsecology.Heagainappearedbeforethetownplanningboard.,(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。*ShewaswatchingTVwhenaburglarbrokeintoherhouse.(3)过去进行时可以表示按计划、安排在过去将要发生的事。用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置移动的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。*YesterdayhesaidhewasleavingforCanada.,【辨析】,*Iwasreadinganovellastnight.(可能没看完)。*Ireadanovellastnight.(已经看完)。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考)Jack_(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.,解题关键:根据句意“Jack正在实验室工作的时候突然停电了。”以及关键词occurred可知,此句型是was/weredoing.when.结构。答案判定:wasworking,3.将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有:soon,tomorrow,thisevening,bythistime,intwodays,tomorrowevening等。*ThistimenextweekIllbelyingonthebeach,enjoyingthesunshine.,【辨析】,*Sheissixteen,andwillbeseventeennextyear.*WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2013江苏高考)CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?Sure.I_(write)areportathome.,解题关键:由题干中的关键信息词tomorrowmorning可知,双方在谈论明天早晨的事情,所以答语应用将来进行时,表示“明天早晨我将在家写报告”。答案判定:willbewriting,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2015全国卷)Andthetown_(become)apopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsianow.2.(2015全国卷)NowI_(live)inacity,butImissmyhomeinthecountryside.,isbecoming,amliving,3.(2014辽宁高考)Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,many_(break)therulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.,are,breaking,4.(2015北京高考)Intheearlyafternoon,whenhe_(plan)togohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.5.(2014全国卷)He_(ride)besidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver.,was,planning,wasriding,考点3完成时态1.现在完成时(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语:already,sofar,never,just,before,recently等。*Nowadaysthecostofanewcarhasfalleninrealtermssothatitischeaperthanevertoownone.,(2)表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since,for以及sofar,now,today,thisweek(month,year),foralongtime,inthepast/lastfewyears,thesedays等连用。*Sofarnofurthernewshasbeenobtained.,(3)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。*Pleasereturnthebooktomewhenyouhavefinishedit.,【点津】(1)注意牢记以下固定句型:Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since.表示“自从以来已经”。*Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.,This/It/Thatisthefirst/second/third.timethat.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用现在完成时。*ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.,(2)注意避免思维定势:一看到for+时间段,就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调的是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时),还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。YangZhenninglivedinAmericaformanyyearsandnowhelivesinChina.杨振宁在美国定居多年,现在他生活在中国。,DashanhaslivedinChinaformanyyears.大山在中国住了许多年。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考)I_(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andIlltrytofinishitattheweekend.,解题关键:根据关键词finishit可知,已读完一半,read动词是已经完成的动作,应用现在完成时。答案判定:haveread,2.过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by,before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。*Bytheendoflastyear,wehadaccomplishedtheprojectcompletely.,(2)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。*Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.,【点津】注意固定句型:This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second/third.timethat.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。*ThiswasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenhere.,hardly.when.和nosooner.than.两个句型中,主句均用过去完成时。*Hardlyhadthematchstartedwhenwearrived.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016浙江高考)Silk_(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.,解题关键:根据句中的时间状语byabout100BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。答案判定:hadbecome,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2015全国卷)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewalls_(give)uptheirheatandarenowcoldenough.2.(2015天津高考)Thenextday,wegotadisappointingmessagethatanotherbuyer_(offer)amuchhigherprice.,havegiven,hadoffered,3.(2015重庆高考)Herfamily_(return)fromabroad,andthengotamessagefromthevet.4.(2014山东高考)Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe_(expect).,hadreturned,hadexpected,考点4现在完成进行时和过去将来时1.现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。*(2015全国卷)Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.,(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。*Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning,buttheresnoanswer.,【辨析】,IvewatchedtheTVseriesNirvanainFire.(已经完成)IhavebeenwatchingtheTVseriesNirvanainFirethesedays.(仍在进行甚至仍将继续),【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016江苏高考)Dashan,who_(learn)crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.,解题关键:根据句意:“大山数十年来一直在学习中国喜剧传统节目:相声,想把它和西方单口相声融会贯通。”可知,大山学习相声是从过去持续到现在,并且还可能继续下去,故使用现在完成进行时。答案判定:hasbeenlearning,2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。*Theshopswouldsoonclose,andallthepeoplewouldgohome.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015全国卷)Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidstopicksomethingtheythoughtourfriendthere_(appreciate).,解题关键:由语境可知强调“他们认为我们那里的朋友可能会喜爱的一些东西”,同时由关键词asked和thought可知是站在过去的时间点上展望未来。故用过去将来时。答案判定:wouldappreciate,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/改错1.(2016北京高考)Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?ThenewStarWars.We_(wait)hereformorethantwohours.,havebeenwaiting,2.(2014福建高考)Asaresult,Isabelle_(receive)bloodtransfusions(输血)every46weekssinceshewas11monthsold.3.(2014天津高考)She_(volunteer)hertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformorethan40years.,hasbeen,receiving,hasbeenvolunteering,4.(2013福建高考)We_(drive)infogallmorning,butthefogisliftingnow.5.(2015天津高考)Justtoseewhatshe_(do),Igentlyplacedoneontopofthegroundhogshead.,havebeendriving,woulddo,6.(2016浙江高考)Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.(改错)_,去掉had,7.(2015全国卷)Tonypromisedherthatthiswillneverhappenagain.(改错)_8.(2014全国卷)Sincethenforalltheseyearswehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.(改错)_,will改为would,had改为have,考点5被动语态1.不能用被动语态的特殊动词(1)系动词类(look,seem,feel,taste,sound,prove,appear等)。(2)表示主语特征的词(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock等),常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。*Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布料容易洗。,2.get构成的表示被动的短语getpaid/lost/hurt等。*Wegetpaideveryweek.我们按周获得薪酬。,3.主动形式表示被动意义(1)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。*Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这房子需要修理。,(2)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的