lesson1-3-----新概念.doc

Lesson 1 A private conversation语法树形结构叶子1 数次/代词/连词/冠词 叶子17 其他特殊句子/句型 叶子2 名词短语 叶子3 形容词短语 叶子16 同位语从句叶子4 副词短语 叶子15 状语从句 叶子5 介词短语 叶子14 定于从句 叶子6 谓语动词短语/系动词 叶子13 表语从句 叶子7 非谓语动词 to do 叶子12 补语从句 叶子8 非谓语动词 v-ing 叶子11 宾语从句 叶子9 非谓语动词 v-ed 叶子10 主语从句 主干2 ：主+系+表 主干1 ：主+谓主要内容： 句子结构（两大主干） 句子成分 句子成分顺序句子结构：主干1 主谓结构公式： 主语 +谓语动词 + （宾语）+ （补语）主语 + 谓语动词 The thief ran away.主语+谓语动词+宾语 He loves children.主语+谓语+双宾语 He gave me some money.主语+谓语动词+宾语+补语 The noise is driving me crazy.主干2 主系表结构公式： 主语+系动词+表语It sounds good.You are beautiful / gorgeous. 句子成分九大成分：主谓宾补系表定状同主：主语 谓：谓语动词宾：宾语补：补语系：系动词表：表语定：定语状：状语同：同位语主体部分是 主谓宾补系表修饰部分是 定状补主体部分主语：一句话谈论的主体，由名词或具有名词特征的单词，短语或从句充当。叶子1（数词/代词）叶子2/叶子7/叶子8/叶子10Practice makes perfect. Fishing is my favorite sport.To have a girlfriend is not easy. 谓语动词：表示主语发出或承受的一个动作，只能由动词充当。叶子6 （谓语动词）Time flies. He was tricked. 宾语：谓语动词动作的承受者，由名词或具有特征的单词，短语或从句来充当叶子1（数词/代词）叶子2/叶子7/叶子8/叶子11I appreciate your help.Jane is looking for his fathers wallet.补语：对宾语做补充说明，做补语的成分很多。叶子1（数词/代词）叶子2/叶子3/叶子4/叶子5/叶子7/叶子8/叶子9 /叶子12You must keep the room tidy She will not let us down 系动词：起到连接的作用。（连接主语和表语）叶子6（系动词）系动词分类情况：be look看起来 keep保持 seem 似乎 appear看起来 remain 保持 taste尝起来 feel感觉 smell闻起来 等变化：get grow become turn go 等，均表示改变，变化It sounds terrible.The food smells good.The leave turns yellow.表语：说明主语的某种情况，往往表示某种状态，充当表语的有名词、形容词、副词或具有名词、副词特征的单词、短语或从句。叶子1（数词/代词）/叶子2/叶子3/叶子4/叶子5/叶子7/叶子8/叶子9/叶子13You are nothing.Her hobby is collecting birds eggs. 修饰成分 定语：修饰名词，说明其特征的单词、短语或从句。叶子1（数词/代词）/叶子2/叶子3/叶子4/叶子5/叶子7/叶子8/叶子9/叶子14She gave me a golden opportunity. The coins in the money-box are mine. Its time to have supper. 状语：修饰形容词、动词、副词或者句子等，说明方式、地点、时间、原因、条件等。叶子2/叶子3/叶子4/叶子5/叶子7/叶子8/叶子9/叶子15I want to stop it right now. Curious, we decided to solve the mystery. The plane is flying over the bridge. 注意细节顺序方式状语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语The birds chirp beautifully in the woods every morning. 同位语：跟在名词或代词后面，指代相同的人或事物。叶子1（数词/代词）/叶子2/叶子16She is the oldest among them six.I myself will do the experiment.My friend , Jay , has been to Japan twice.句子成分顺序主干1主语 + 谓语动词 +（宾）+（补）修饰成分 定状同 位置不定主干2主语 + 系动词 + 表语修饰成分 定状同 位置不定定语：单词多数在所修饰词前（个别在后），短语在后They live in a stone house. He is a boy different from any other students in his class.状语：单词修饰形容词、副词时，放在所修饰词之前（enough除外）Its bitterly cold. The hole isnt wide enough. 单词修饰动词的时候位置灵活Suddenly , He seized me by the arm.He suddenly seized me by the arm.He seized me suddenly by the arm.He seized me by the arm suddenly. 单词修饰句子，放句首或句尾Honestly, I am not optimistic about it.短语、从句做状语，放句首或句尾The sailor is swimming towards the shore.同位语：放在所修饰词的后面In 2002, I went to shanghai, the largest city in China.单词构词法1 Priv- 单个Private aPrivately adPrivacy nDeprive vPrivatea. 私人的 ，私有的private life/affairs/stuff/school/letter/teacher/car/mansionLove is a quite private thing. A: How much money do you make a year? B: Oh, this is very private. Are you interested in me or in my money？【反】：public public school / public letter / public place / public park / public house 【搭】：in private Can I speak to you in private?a.普通的private citizen private soldier privacyn.隐私, 独处，清静 Age, income and religion are all my privacy.People change their underwear in the privacy of their bedrooms.I felt I needed privacy.I want to live in privacy.构词法2con/com 共同，一起 vert/vers 转conversation nvertical a. convert v convertible a inconvertible aconversation【辨】：conversation，talk，dialogue， chat，gossipconversation 非正式的谈话They are having a conversation. talk 单数可与conversation换用，复数时指正式交谈Lets have a talk. six-party talks peace talks dialogue 双方对话或戏剧对白Plays are written in dialogue. chat 闲聊They chatted with each other.gossip 胡乱议论She is a terrible gossip. Some fat ladies enjoy gossiping to kill time. 【搭】：Have a + conversation / talk / dialogue / chat / gossip Theatre拓展Drama /Beijing opera /local opera / cinema /walk-in theater /music hall nightclub /circusSeatn 座位Take/have a seat.vt 安排坐下，使人坐下Be seated / seat oneself 【辨】： sit&seatsit vi. seat vt. He is sitting here. You seat him. Play n 戏v 玩play +the +乐器 play the piano/violin/guitar play+球类 play tennis/bowling /badminton/golfplay with It is wrong for a man to play with a womans affection.拓展player；playground；playboy Angrybe angry with sb/at sthThe teacher got very angry at your homework. You have got 90% wrong.拓展I was annoyed. I was angry/cross.I was very angry.be blue in the face .feel hot under the collar语音1/ r / There is no royal road to learning. A fair death honors the whole life. A good fame is better than a good face. All rivers run into sea. All roads lead to Rome. GA：General American RP：Received Pronunciation 规律：1 单词完整性不被破坏的情况下，单词里出现了r字母，美音发/r/ ，英音则不发/r/ 2 如果单词无r字母，英音美音都不发/r/ Attentionn 注意Attention , please 【补充】：注意力的表达pay attention topay a little/some/much/close/no attention to draw/catch/attract ones attentionturn ones attention tofocus/fix ones attention onBear （ bore borne）v 忍受比较put up with=bear=standI cant bear/stand you.I got divorced. I could not put up with him.n 熊 polar bear /bear hug 句型 1 I could not bear itnotanymore( lesson 34 )It is more than (lesson 38 )This is as far as (lesson 52 )再也不能 ，已经达到了的极限I could not bear it anymore.It was more than I can bear.This was as far as I can bear.businessn生意businessman do businesson businessn私事Its my business Mind your own business=None of your business. busybody 句型2 Its none of your business.Mind your own business.Dont put your finger in my pie. He put his finger in every pie. 补充：常见电影相关词汇director nproduction nlighting nshoot n/vspecial effects阅读Last week I went to the theatre.有的词the不省略，表行为go to the theatre/playgo to the cinema/movies/pictures/films be at the theatre/cinema有的词 the 省略表行为go to school go to church go to hospital 【注意】：这些词加the 表示去这个地点The play was very interesting总结v-ing这样的形容词，使他人他物处于一种状态；v-ed这样的形容词，本身处于一种状态。The dog is frightening. The dog is frightened.A frightening faceA frightened faceEnjoy sth / doing sth = have a good time doing sthI enjoy being together with you. I really have a good time chatting with you. were sitting behind me对比be sitting next to me/ close to me He always gossips about me behind my back. before danger/difficultiesLesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?语法 一般现在时构成：1谓语动词原形 2系动词原形 注意：主语是第三人称单数时，用第三人称单数形式。谓语动词/系动词第三人称单数形式 基本用法（经常+现在+真理）经常的(常与频度副词或短语连用)I always play computer games.现在的(性格，个性，状态，能力)He speaks English very well.The flowers smell good.客观事实，真理, 格言警句The earth goes round the sun.Columbus proved that the earth is round.频度词作状语频繁程度如下100% all the time90% always80% generally, usually60-70% often, frequently40-50% as often as not20-30% sometimes, at times10% occasionally, from time to time5% rarely, hardly, seldom0% never现在进行时构成：be + doing基本用法：此时此刻现阶段How are you doing？较近的未来（少量动词come，go，begin，leave，arrive等）Im coming to see youIm leaving now.与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。He is always thinking of others.The boy is continually making noises.注意表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look， seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire单词Untilprep+表示时间的名词I will love you until doomsday.conjNothing is learned until you can use it.注意Not.until I didnt know there is another woman in your heart until/till nowI did not know she is such a slut until now. 拓展sporting housedead presidentblack artan apple of loverest roomgreen handold dogOutsidea. 外面的The outside world is very exciting. The outside world is helpless.ad. 在外面Outside its now raining. n 外面the outside of the building拓展inside/upside/downside/besideRingn, 环，戒指the ring fingerthe Lord of the Ringsearring v 响The bell/the telephone/the doorbell/your mobile ringsv 打电话I will ring/call you tomorrow. Aunt拓展uncle；mother；fathergrandfather；grandmotherstep father；step motherex-husband；ex-wifenephew ；niece repeat注意repeat与 again以及return 与back 水火不容Excuse me, can you repeat it?History repeats itself.构词法3re 重复；回；相反 peat/pet 追求 寻求repeat v appetite nappetizer n compete vcompetition ncompetent aincompetent acompetence n语音2/i: / A friend in need is a friend indeed. Freeze! Seeing is believing.Its my treat today.Its a deal.Look before you leap./i/Zip your lips.Its only a slip of tongue.You are kidding.A fat pig falls into a big pit.补充：常见食品词汇steamed bun, steamed roll, dumplings, pancake, sandwich, hamburger.阅读It was Sunday . I never get up early on Sundays.early birdThe early bird catches the worm.on Sundays拓展breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, snack, mealPeople glue themselves to the warm bed.stay upA：Look at your blood shot eyes, you stayed up yesterday?B：Yes, I had to burn mid-night oil/I had to work extra hours./ I had to work overtime.Overtime work /pay = Extra work/ pay It was dark outside.dark 光线昏暗，色度浓There is always the dark side everywhere in the society No matter where you are, stop complaining and try to find out the bright side. As long as you stand, the sky is not going to fall down.dark red, dark greena dark horsea black sheepHe is a black sheep of the family.dark邪恶的fight the dark force. fight sth VS fight for sthfight for my reputation/famefight for my wealthThe Statue of LibertyLiberty Enlightening the World.Its raining again.表示下雨，下雪，读书等动作多用进行时态It is snowing in great flakes.I am reading a letter now.拓展drizzle/shower/thunderstorm/storm/hurricanewalk in the rain/drizzleIt never rains but it pours.rain or shineSweetie, we will be together, rain or shine.Oh ,dear meOh , my godOh , my goshOh , myOh , good heaven句型3What a day !感叹句1 What + (形容词) + 名词 + （主语 + 谓语动词 / 系动词）What a surprise!What a chage!What a beauty!What a lovely fool he is! 2 How + 形容词 / 副词 + （主语 + 谓语动词 / 系动词）How hot !How polite the waitress is! Lesson 3 Please send me a card语法句型4“给予”动词+双宾语To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately.I owed you one hundred dollars.I will buy a mansion for you tomorrow.主语+谓语动词+双宾“给予”动词+间接宾语+直接宾语“给予”动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语He sent me a bunch of rosesHe sent a bunch of roses to me“给予”动词give, bring, teach, show, send, make，lend，tell，sell，cost，read，write, pass, offer, pay, promise, choose, find, leave, get, play，sing，hand，do，buy，order, owe。 一般过去时构成： 1 谓语动词过去式 2 系动词过去式 （be为was或者were）一般过去时基本用法：过去确定时间的动作或状态。I didnt become a supernatural being yesterday.过去一段时间内经常性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football.wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I wondered if you could help me.Could you lend me your bike?明显的时间状语（一般过去时一般要有过去时间标志）ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, etc.- ect. = and so on 意为等等一般现在时，一般过去时差异Her brother was a chemist.Her brother is a chemist.It was so nice to see you.It is so nice to see you.单词spoilvt 破坏This spoiled my day.That worm spoiled our appetite and actually every face froze. vt 溺爱His parents spoiled the boy. We have the one-child /birth-control policy in China, so parents spoil their children a lot.friendlyfriend+ ly 部分名词+ly变成形容词manlywomanlyChinese are a friendly nation while Japanese are an aggressive nation. the aggressive attitudesfriendship membershipmembership cardreadershipThe best seller has wide readership. leadershipfollow my leadership. follow the leadership of the communist party语音4/e/ 口形扁平，能容下食指尖。It depends.Forget it. Better late than never. 语音5/口形扁平，能容下食指和中指。规律：一般来说，字母a在f，n，s, th之前念 /，(half, pass, bath)但是如果在字母r之前仍然读作 /，且要卷舌。farm，farther。Ill catch you later. Ill let the cat out of the bag.lendlend 注意方向lend sth to sb /lend sb sth Could you lend me a few bucks?lend sb a hand.do sb a favor.borrow sth from sb.The design of the lakeside walking street borrows a lot/boldly from western styles.decisionmake a decision to do sth =decide to do make a plan to do sth= plan to do sth decision-makerslaw-breakerstrouble makers构词法 4de 使成为；加强 decide vdecision n definition n design v /ndelimit v design v/nde 去掉，变坏，离开，向下等delete v decode v deforest v depress vdenationali