2019高考英语-词汇(14)练习(含解析).doc

词汇（14）李仕才复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练（词汇应用、句式仿写）【单句单词语法填空】1、Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live _harmony with nature. 答案：inin harmony with“与和谐共处”。句意：人的生命被看作是自然界的一部分；就这点而论，我们要存活下来的唯一方式就是与大自然和谐共处。2 He reported the case _ the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city. 答案：to句意为：他向警察报告了这个事件，然后孤独迷茫地坐在一个陌生的城市里。report.to.为固定搭配，意为“向报告”。3(2014福建，22改编)Our club is open to everyone regardless_age，sex or educational background. 答案：of句意为：我们的俱乐部向每个人开放，不管你的年龄、性别或教育背景。regardless of意为“不管；不顾”，为固定搭配。4(2014天津，6改编)In addition _the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support. 答案：to句意为：除了学校之外，村子里还有一家诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建起来的。根据下文关键词also可知，学校也是政府开办的，故填to，in addition to意为“除了之外(还)”。5(2014浙江，10改编)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything_ return. 答案：in句意为：当詹姆斯呆在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他有的所有东西与村民分享，不求任何回报。根据前面的单词unselfishly可知他这样做不图回报。in return为固定短语，意为“作为回报”。核心单词1.greedy adj.贪吃的，贪婪的；渴望的2.greeting n. 祝贺3.growth n. 生长，增长4.guarantee vt.& n. 保证，担保 5.guidance n. 指引，指导；领导6.guide n. 向导，导游者7.habit n. 习惯，习性8.happiness n. 幸福，愉快9.hardship n. 困难10.hardworking adj. 努力工作的11.harmful adj. 有害的；致伤的12.harmonious adj. 融洽的，和睦的13.healthy adj. 健康的，健壮的14.honest adj. 诚实的，正直的15.honour (美honor) n. 荣誉，光荣 vt. 尊敬，给予荣誉16.hopeful adj. 有希望的；有前途的17.humorous adj. 富于幽默的18.identity n. 身份；特性，特征；同一(性)，一致(性)19.ignore vt. 忽视，对不理会20.illegal adj. 非法的21.imagination n. 想象力22.immigration n. 移民23.impact n.& v. 影响，作用；冲击，碰撞24.impression n. 印象，感觉25.improve v. 提高重点短语1.go away 走开go ahead 继续；干吧go by (时间)过去；经过(地点)go out (灯、火)熄灭go on doing sth 继续做某事go on to do sth 接着做另外的事go over 检查；复习go through 完成；通过；经历；仔细检查go against 违背go for 运用于，应用于go in for 参加；对感兴趣go with 与相配go without 没有也行go up 上升，上涨go down 下降，下沉2.have a knowledge of了解have a command of 了解，掌握have.in common with 与有共同之处have a better understanding of. 对有更好的理解have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难【阅读理解】Pollutions great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the countrys total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycleconstruction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）than those who construct more regular buildings.The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.1.What is the text mainly about?A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.B. The process of building green buildings.C. The benefits and features of green buildings.D. Green buildings effects on the environment.2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that_.A. produce no wasteB. only use clean energyC. are made of recycled materialsD. use energy and resources more efficiently3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.4.Why are green roofs used ?A. They fit the surrounding environment wellB. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofsC. They can keep natural water for use in everyday lifeD. They can help to control the temperature in the building well【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Green buildings的很多的好处和特征。故C正确。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。写作句式it 作形式主语/宾语1.(2016北京高考书面表达)As far as Im concerned, it is everyones duty to protect the earth.在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。2.(2016天津高考书面表达)It is evident that this experience will become a pleasant memory.显然，这次经历将成为一个愉快的回忆。3.(2016上海高考书面表达)Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find it hard to live up to them.父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难达到父母的期望。4.(天津高考书面表达)I am very glad and feel it a great honor to run for the vicepresident of the English club.我很高兴，我认为竞选英语俱乐部副主席是一件荣耀的事情。我读我练.词汇应用 1.His actions declared him to be an honest(诚实的) man.2.Thanks for your support and guidance (指导) in this job.3.They speak in a _humorous(humor) way and make fun of each other whenever they meet.4.Passive smoking means taking in someone elses cigarette and it is also harmful (harm) to health.5.She went_through(仔细检查) her pockets and in the end found the keys. 6.My cousin is so noisy that I have_difficulty_concentrating_on_my_study(难以专心学习).句式仿写1.非常荣幸在这里就高中该学什么与你们分享我的看法。(2014江西高考书面表达)Its_my_honor_to_be_here_to_share_with_you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.2.在过去的几十年，医疗技术的进步已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。In the last decades, advances in medical technology have_made_it_possible for people to live longer than in the past.3.我认为参加英语演讲比赛对你来说是一个好机会。I think _its_a_good_chance_for_you_to_participate_in the English Speaking Competition.【练习】I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing，the capital city of our country，come true during the National Day holidays this year.In October 1st，I went to Tiananmen Square with my parents，there we watched the flagraising ceremony. As I watched flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely exciting.Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction，like the Great Wall.Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very proudly.I thought of the old saying that“One who fail to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”Although I was tired，but I really had a good time.【答案】I like travelling and my dream of Beijing，the capital city of our country， true during the National Day holidays this year. October 1st，I went