基础会计(双语)教案.doc

.课 程 教 案20142015学年 第二学期课程名称：会计英语课程性质：必修课授课班级：涉外会计授课教师：杨舒教师所属系（部）：商贸系总 学 时：40周 学 时：2 Part1 Basic of accounting教学方法：讲授法、实例法 教学目的：u 掌握资产、负债和所有者权益的会计含义u 掌握复式记账、货币计量、会计实体、持续经营以及资产计量原则u 熟悉资产负债表的特征u 了解资产负债表的主要科目重点和难点：重点：1.Four basic financial statements 2. Six elements of accounting 3.Concepts that govern all accounting难点：1.Concepts that govern all accounting 学时分配：4课时讲课4课时参考书目：1、 基础会计2006年7月第2版 金跃武主编 高等教育出版社2、 企业会计准则（财政部文件）2006年 中国财政经济出版社 3、 基础会计与实务2005年7月第2版李惠芝主编清华大学出版社4、 基础会计 2005年7月第2版 薛洪岩主编 立信会计出版社5、 初级会计实务（全国会计专业技术资格考试用书）2004年9月第1版中国财政经济出版社Part 1 Basic of accounting1. What is accounting and its role in BusinessAccounting branches 2. Financial statementsn Balance sheetn Income statement n Statement of cash flows n Statement of changes in equity Assetsn Assets are valuable resources owned by the entity.n Liabilities and equity show the sources of assets.Liabilitiesn Liabilities are the entitys obligations to outside parties who have furnished resources.n Creditorswho have a claim against the assets in the amount shown as the liabilities.Equityn Paid-in capital: provided by equity investorsn Retained earnings: generated from profitsn Equity investors have only a residual claim.3. Concepts that govern all accounting (会计核算的基本概念)(1) The dual-aspect concept 复式记帐概念The fundamental accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity复式记帐特点 在两个或两个以上相互联系的账户中记录一项经济业务，以反映资金运动的来龙去脉。 以相等的金额记入相应的账户，以便于检查账簿记录的正确性。(2)The money-measurement concept 货币计量Accounting reports only facts that can be expressed in monetary amounts.(3)The entity concept 会计实体 A business is an entity; a college, a government, a church are also entities.(4)The going-concern concept 持续经营Accounting assume that an entity will continue to operate indefinitely unless there is evidence to the contrary.n Because of the going-concern concept, accounting does/doesnt report what the assets could be sold for if the entity cease to exist.4. Concepts that govern all accountingn (5)The asset-measurement concept 资产计量 If reliable information is available, an asset is measured as its fair value. The fair value of most assets is known on the date the asset was acquired because the buyer and the seller agreed on the amount.n In general , assets such as land, buildings, equipment, and inventories have this characteristic:n Their fair value cant be reliably measured except at the time they were acquired.n They are reported at cost or a number based on cost.n The assets-measurement concept combines both types of assets:n If reliable information is available, the amount of an asset is measured at its _; otherwise the measurement is based on its _.Why measuring assets at cost?n Estimating fair value of each asset may be expensive and unreliable.n Many assets are not going to be sold in the near future. The entity and those who use its balance sheet therefore dont need to know the fair value of these assets.n Monetary assets, for example, cash, securities and bonds, are those that have a claim on a specified amount of money.n Land, buildings, equipment and inventory are nonmometary assets.n In general, monetary assets are reported at_;n Nonmonetary assets are reported at _.n The dual-aspect concept:n _=_+_n The money-measurement concept:n Accounting reports only the facts that can be expressed in _.n The entity concept:n Accounting are kept for the _.n The going-concern concept:n Accounting assumes that an entity will_.n The asset-measurement concept:n Accounting focus on the _of monetary assets and on the _ of nonmonetary assets.Balance Sheet Itemsn Most items on a balance sheet are summaries of more detailed accounts.n For example, the cash is probably located in a number of separate bank accounts, in cash registers and in petty cash boxes.Assetsn In order to count as an asset in accounting, an item must pass three tests: 1) must be controlled by the entity; 2) must be valuable to the entity; 3) must have been acquired at a measurable cost.n If Able Company rents a building owned by Baker Company, this building is an asset of _.n The employees of an entity are/arent assets.n If a baseball club owns a contract in which a player agrees to provide his services, the contract is/isnt an asset.n If Jones Company has built up an excellent reputation because of the consistently high quality of its products, this reputation is/isnt an assets in accounting.n Which of these would qualify as assets of a company that sells dresses?A. The companys right to collect amounts owed by customers.B. Regular dresses held for sale.C. Dresses that no one wants because they have gone out of style.D. A cash register in working condition.E. A cash register that doesnt work and cant be repaired.Assetsn Cash and other assets that are expected to be converted into cash or used up in the near future, usually within one year, are current assets.n Assets that are expected to be useful for longer than one future year are called noncurrent assets.Liabilitiesn Liabilities can be regarded either as claims against the assets or as one of sources from which the assets were acquired.Liabilitiesn Current liabilities are claims that become due within a short/long time, usually in _.n Noncurrent liabilities due within a short/long time, usually in _.Current Ration The current assets and current liabilities indicate the entitys ability to meet its current obligations Current Ratio. the current ratio= current assets/current liabilities a current ratio of at least 2 to 1 is desirable.Equityn Equity consists of capital obtained from sources that are not liabilities.n There are two sources of equity capital: 1) Total Paid-in Capital 2) Retained EarningsPaid-in Capitaln Paid-in Capital is the amount of capital supplied by equity investors. The equity investors receive shares of stock as evidence of their ownership.n The Paid-in Capital is reported as:n Common stockn Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earningsn Retained Earnings represents those amounts that have been retained in the entity after part of the companys earnings have been paid to shareholders in the form of dividends.n Retained Earnings=_- _ 2 Balance Sheet Changes教学方法：讲授法、实例法 教学目的：u 掌握资产负债表中主要科目的含义u 熟悉、掌握交易对资产负债表的影响u 熟悉收入、费用和利润的概念u 了解利润表的特征重点和难点：重点：1. The meaning of the principal items reported on a balance sheet;2. How several types of transactions change the amounts reported on the balance sheet;3.The nature of income.难点：1、How several types of transactions change the amounts reported on the balance sheet 学时分配：6课时讲课6课时参考书目：6、 基础会计2006年7月第2版 金跃武主编 高等教育出版社7、 企业会计准则（财政部文件）2006年 中国财政经济出版社 8、 基础会计与实务2005年7月第2版李惠芝主编清华大学出版社9、 基础会计 2005年7月第2版 薛洪岩主编 立信会计出版社10、 初级会计实务（全国会计专业技术资格考试用书）2004年9月第1版中国财政经济出版社1. Review Part Securities are stocks and bonds. They give valuable rights to the entity that owns them, such as Treasury Bonds. Marketable securities are that are expected to be converted into cash within a year. Investment in safe, very short-term funds, such as money market funds, are often included in the cash item rather than in marketable securities. The item is then called “cash and cash equivalents”. Account receivable is an amount that is owed to the business ,usually by one of its customers, as a result of the ordinary extension of credit. Example: a customers monthly electric bill Inventories are goods being held for sale, as well as supplies, raw materials and partially finished products that will be sold upon completion. A truck owned by an automobile dealer for resale to its customers is inventories. T/F/Not given A truck owned by an entity and used to transport its own goods is inventories. T/F/Not givenTangible Assets & Intangible AssetsTangible Assetshave physical substance, can be touched (Inventory, Plant, Equipment, Buildings, Trucks, Machines, etc.)Intangible Assetshave no physical substance, cant be touched (Patents and Trademarks, Goodwill, etc.) A fire insurance policy that protects the entity against losses caused by fire damage is /isnt an asset. And because the policy covers only a short period of time, the asset is a current/noncurrent asset. The insurance policy have no physical substance, except as a piece of paper, so it is a (an) _ asset. Prepaid Expense is the name for intangible assets that will be used up in the near future. They are intangible current asset, such as prepaid insurance policy.Noncurrent Assets Noncurrent assets are expected to be used in the entity for more than _. (how long) Property, Plant and Equipment are _. Balance Sheet shows the cost/fair value of noncurrent assets. Exhibit 1 also shows that a portion of the cost of this asset has been subtracted from the original cost because it has been “used up”. This “used-up” portion is called _ and totals $_. After this amount is subtracted, the asset amount is shown as $_. This is the amount of cost that has/has not been used up. In “Noncurrent Assets”, we can find “Investment”. The Investments item consists of securities, such as bonds. Evidently Garsden Company does not intend to turn these investments into cash within _ (how long?). If these securities were expected to be turned into cash within that period, they would be listed as a current asset, M_ _. Patents and Trademarks are rights to use patents and rights to valuable brand names or logos. They are assets because: 1. they are _; 2. they are _ by Garsden Company; 3. they are acquired at a measurable _. Goodwill arises when one company buys another company and pays more than the value of its net identifiable assets. Grady Company bought Baker Company, paying $1,400,000 cash. Baker Companys identifiable assets were judged to be worth $1,500,000, and Grady became responsible for Bakers liabilities, which totaled $500,000. Bakers identifiable assets $_ less liabilities _ Net identifiable assets _ Grady paid Baker $1,400,000 Therefore, goodwill was _Current liabilitiesCurrent liabilities are obligations due in the near future, usually within one year. Accounts Payable Bank Loan Payable Accrued Liabilities Accounts Payable are the opposite of Accounts _; that is they are amounts that the company owes to its suppliers/are owed to the company by its customers. Smith Company sold a personal computer to Brown Company for $3,000. Brown Company agreed to pay for it within 60 days. In Balance Sheet, Smith Company would report the $3,000 as Accounts _ and Brown Company would report the amount as Accounts _. Bank Loan Payable is reported separately from Accounts Payable because the debt is evidenced by a promissory note. Amounts owed to employees and others for services they have provided for which they have not been paid are listed as Accrued Liabilities. Estimated Tax Liability is the amount owed to the government for taxes. There are two reasons for showing it separately from other liabilities: 1.the amount is large; 2.the exact amount owed may not be known as of the date of the balance sheet. It is a current liability because the amount is due within _. There are two items if Long-term Debt shown as liabilities in the balance sheet. One is labeled “current portion”, because it is due within _. The other is listed “noncurrent portion”. This part doesnt become due until after _. Although a single liability may have both a current portion and a noncurrent portion, a single asset is not always so divided.Equity Paid-in Capital: the amount provided by equity investors is represented by shares of stock Retained Earnings: the amount of income that has been retained in the entity. It is not cash; it is part of the owners claim on the assets.2. Balance Sheet Changes The amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of an entity remain constant/change from day to day. Therefore the amounts shown on its balance sheet also remain constant/change. Each event that is recorded in the accounting records is called a transaction. Cash is money on hand and money in bank accounts that can be withdrawn at any time. On January 2, if John Smith deposited $8,500 in the bank instead of $10,000 and kept $1,500 in the cash register, its cash at the close of business on January 2 would be _. Amounts on a balance sheet are listed according to the currency. Generally, the item with the most current is listed first. Long-term Debt Accounts Payable (due in 60 days) Bank Loan Payable (due next October) When an entity borrows money, it may sign a written promise to repay. Such a written promise is termed a note. For example, if Business A borrows money from Business B, signing a note , Business A will record a note receivable/note payable on its balance sheet, while Business B will record a _. As we know that profitable operations result in an increase in equity, specifically in the item R_ _. Example: On January 3, Glendale Market borrowed $5,000 cash from a bank, giving a note therefore. On January 4, Glendale Market purchased received inventory costing $2,000, paying cash. On January 5, Glendale Market sold merchandise for $300, receiving cash. The merchandise had cost 200. (Retained Earnings) On January 6, Glendale Market purchased merchandise for $2,000 and added it to its inventory. It agreed to pay the vendor within 30 days. (Accounts Payable) On January 7, merchandise costing $500 was sold for $800, which was received in cash. On January 8, merchandise costing $600 was sold for $900. The customer agreed to pay $900 within 30 days. (Accounts Receivable) On January 9, Glendale Market purchased a one-year insurance policy for $200, paying cash. (Prepaid Insurance) On January 10, Glendale Market purchased two lots of land equal size for a total of $10,000. It thereby acquired an asset, Land. It paid $2,000 in cash and gave a ten-year mortgage for the balance of $8,000. (Mortgage Payable) On January 11, Glendale Market sold one of the two lots of land for $5,000. The buyer paid $1,000 cash and assumed $4,000 of the mortgage; that is , Glendale Market was no longer responsible for this half of the mortgage payable. On January 12, Smith received an offer of $15,000 for his equity in Glendale Market. Although his equity was then only $10,700, he rejected the offer. This means that the store had already acquired good will with a market value of _. On January 13, Smith withdraw for his personal use $200 cash from the Glendale Market bank account, and he also withdraw merchandise costing $400. On January 14, Smith learned that the person who purchased the land on January 11 for $5,000, sold it for $8,000. The lot still owned by Glendale Market was identical in value with this other plot. On January 15, Glendale Market paid off $2,000 of its bank loan, giving cash. On January 16, Glendale Market was changed to a corporation. John Smith received 100 shares of common stock in exchange for his $10,100 equity in the business. He immediately sold 25 of these shares for $4,000 cash.3.Income Measurement There are two reasons for the increase of an entitys equity. One is the receipt of capital from its equity investors, that is _. The other one source of an increase is the profitable operation of the entity, that is _. What affects and what doesnt affect Retained Earnings? Borrowing $5,000 from a bank The purchase of inventory costing $2,000 Selling merchandise for $300 which cost $200 The purchase of merchandise for $2,000 Selling merchandise for $800 which cost $500 Selling merchandise for $900 which cost $600 The amount by which equity increase as a result of operation during a period of time is called the income of that period. An accounting report called the Income Statement explains the income of a period. The Income Statement is for a period of time/point in time, in contrast with the Balance Sheet, which is for a period of time/point in time. The increase in Retained Earnings resulting from operations is called a revenue. The associated decrease in Retained Earnings is called an expense. Example: When Glendale Market sold merchandise for $300 that cost $200, the effect of the transaction on Retained Earnings can be separated into two parts: a _ of $_ and an _ of $_. The Income Statement reports revenues and expenses for the period and the difference between them, which is _. Income= RevenueExpenses The amount of Retained Earnings on a balance sheet is the total amount retained since the entity began operations. The terms profit, earnings, surplus and income all have the same meaning. They are the differences between the _ of an accounting period and the _of that period. The Income Statement reports flows during a period of time, whereas the Balance Sheet reports status as of a point of time. Thus the Income Statement ma