中考英语语法考点系列导.doc

中考英语语法考点系列导练（三） 冠词 考点精析 冠词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成份，它们一般用于名词之前。冠词有不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）之分。根据英语教材中冠词的用法及对各地中考英语试题的分析，有关冠词的和考点如下： 一不定冠词a/an的用法：不定冠词a和an的概念及基本用法。不定冠词a/an泛指人或事物中的一个，不与不可数名词连用，也不与复数的谓语动词连用；第一次提到某人或某物，一般用不定冠词；a(an)+作表语的名词”可以用来表示身份或职业。1开头字母为元音字母,但发音却为辅音音素的单词前要用a, 而不是an。如：a unit 一个单位，一个单元；a uniform 一套制服；a university 一所大学；a useful book 一本有用的书； a European 一个欧洲人 (注意这样的情况：There is a “u” in the word “sound”.)2以辅音字母开头，但是发音却以元音音素开头的词的前面要用an ,而不用a。如：an hour 一个小时； an honest man 一个诚实的人3有些辅音字母的读音是以元音音素开始的，其前面也要用an, 而不是a。如：an X-ray photograph 一张X光照片； There is an “s” in the word “sit ” . 在单词sit里有一个s。（注意：在强调a或an 时，则须分别读作/ /或/ /。）4“a / an + adj.+不可数名词”结构在英语里用得相当广泛。如；单独表达rain, wind , snow时，他们是不可数的，可是前面有了形容词修饰的时 候，就可以用a/an来修饰，如：a heavy rain 一场大雨；a light snow 一场小雪；a strong wind 一阵大风5“a + 序数词”表示“又一，再一”，并没有表示顺序的意思。如：Can you give me a second chance, please? 你能再给我一次机会吗？（a second chance 相当于 another chance.） There is a third boy over there.那边还有一个男孩。（说明这里有两个男孩，那边还有一个，但是这三个男孩和顺序排列无关。）不定冠词的习惯用语的简单总结：have a try试一试have a look （at）看一看have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒have a drink (of) 喝一点have a good time 玩得很愉快have a talk 谈话 have a party 聚会have a pain 疼痛have a good idea 有好主意 have a meeting 开会 a lot (of) 许多have a fever发烧 a little / few 一些，有一点 make a mistake 犯错误 have a cough 咳嗽 for a while 一会儿 after a while 一会儿以后wait a minute 等一会儿make a mistake 吵闹go for a walk 散步 in a minute (while, moment)一会儿以后二定冠词the 的用法：定冠词the 的概念及基本用法。特指某些人或某些事物；指双方都知道的人或事物；指上文提到过的人或事物；用在世界上独一无二的事物前；用在序数词和形容词最高级前；用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前；用在形容词或副词的比较级前，表示强调“两者中较的”；定冠词用在姓氏或姓氏复数名词前，表示全家或这一姓氏的夫妇俩；用在西洋乐器名称前；用在一些固定搭配中。1有些可数名词前加the，表示一类人或物。如： The lion is the king of animals.狮子是兽中之王。(不过不可数名词表示一类，不加任何冠词。如：Water is a kind of matter.水是一种物质。) 2在江河，海洋，海峡，湖泊，山脉，群岛前要加the。如：the East Sea 东海 the West Lake 西湖the Yellow River 黄河 the English Channel 英吉利海峡 the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉 the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉（注意；“Mount Tai 泰山”前不加the。）3用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人。如：the living and the dead 生者和死者 The young should speak to the old politely. 年轻人对老人说话要有礼貌。 4“the +姓的复数”表示全家人或者夫妻俩。如： The Zhangs are having lunch now. 张家正在吃午饭。 The Smiths are both English teachers. 史密斯夫妇俩都是英语老师。5有时the 用在副词，形容词的比较级前，指两者中“比较的”那一个。如： He is the taller of the two. 他是两者中较高的那个。The fatter of the two men is my father. 那两个人中较胖一个的是我父亲。6the常用在same之前。如： I think they are the same thing. 我认为它们是同一件事。 在某些词组中有无定冠词含义不同。如： go to school 去上学 go to the school 去学校（不确定去做什么） go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院（上班或看望病人等） go to church 去教堂（做礼拜）go to the church 去教堂（不确定去做什么） in class 在课堂上in the class在教室里 at table 在桌子旁（吃饭）at the table 坐在桌子旁（不确定做什么）（巧记：今天做了一道名菜，叫做“the”，把the吃进了肚子里，所以不加the 的at table就是坐在桌子旁吃饭） in front of 在的前面in the front of 在内部的前面（巧记：在第一讲已有陈述。） in bed（卧病）躺在床上in the bed 在床上（不一定是有病了。） 从此可以看出不加定冠词的时候一般有某种具体的含义。定冠词the的习惯用语的简单总结：the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday前天 the same as 与 相同 on the left(right) 在左边（右边） the other day 几天以前；前几天 by the way 顺便问一句go to the cinema(theatre)去看电影（去剧院） in the day 在白天 in the morning 在早晨（上午） in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 in the end 最后，终于 all the year round 一年到头 at the end of 在的尽头 at the bottom of 在的底部 at the top of 在的顶部 in the distance 在远方 in the west of 在的西部 on the way to 在去的路上 on the side of 在的一边三、零冠词的用法“零冠词”的概念及基本用法。专有名词前一般不加冠词；名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时，不加冠词；复数名词表示某一类人或事物时；季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前；在语言、学科、三餐、球类等名词前；在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词；在人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等的名词前，一般不加冠词；表示语言的名词前不加冠词，但后加language时必须加the；一些抽象的不可数名词前，不加冠词；在某些固定词组里不用冠词。如：我的书 my book() the my book ()这一本书 this book () this a book()四、习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用方法。应试策略 冠词的考点经常分布在单项选择、完形填空、短文改错及阅读理解等题型中。尤其在单项选择填空中，几乎每份中考题中至少有一题对冠词的用法进行考查。冠词的使用频率最高，用法也很复杂。做题时除了掌握一些基本原则之外，还要在实践中密切注意其习惯用法和例外的一些情况。真题再现 1. People like to see films on _TV instead of going to_ cinema.（ 汕头）A. the，the B.不填，the C. the，不填剖析：“在电视中”是on TV，“去看电影”是go to the cinema。均为固定搭配。答案：B2. What_exciting football match! Our team beat Toms team at last.（ 福州）A. a B. an C. the D. /剖析：在以元音音素开头的单词前，不定冠词要用an。答案：B3. Bob is _eleven-year-old boy, but he knows a lot about Chinese history.（ 盐城） A. an B. a C. the D. / 剖析：eleven-year-old是以元音开头的单词。答案：A4. In the United States, Fathers Day falls on _ third Sunday in _ June.（徐州）A. the，不填 B. the, a C. 不填, the D. a, 不填剖析：定冠词the常用在序数词前。季节、月份等前一般不用冠词。答案：A5.Wheres _key to my bike, Jim? （温州）Its in your bag.A. a B. an C. the D./剖析：特指双方都知道的人或物用定冠词。答案：C6. Look at _ skirt, I bought it for Mum on Mothers Day. Isnt it nice?（2006 浙江）A. a B. an C. the D. 不填剖析：特指某些人或某些事物用定冠词。答案：C7. Pass me _dictionary next to the radio, and I also need _ pen to write something. （临沂）A. a, a B. the, the C. the, a D. a, the剖析：表示特指用the, 表示“一”这个数量在辅音前用a。答案：C 冠词考点精练I. 单项选择。1. Han Meimei is _ Chinese girl. Lucy is _ English girl.A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a2. A little boy wrote_ U and_ n on the wall.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a3. There are sixty minutes in_ hour. A. an B. the C. a D. /4.We have never seen _ interesting film. A. such B. such an C. so D. such a5. Now he is _ artist. 1 have known him since he was _ one-year-old boy. A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a6. Which bigger _ elephant or _ horse?A. a; the B. an; a C. the; an D. an; the7. Yesterday we held_ talk with them in the hall. A. the B. this C. a D. an8. I usually go out for _ walk after_ tea; A. a, / B. /, the C. a, a D. the, a9. After _ quick breakfast I hurried to _ school.A. /, / B. a, / C. the, the D. the, /10. He ordered _ book some time ago and now _ book has arrived. A. a, a B. the, a C. the, the D. a, the11. There is_ old man under_ tree. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, the D. an, /12. We shall visit your country in_ coming year. A. a B. the C. one D. that13. _ girl in _ Grade Three is _ tallest in our school. A. The, the, the B. A, a, a C. The, /, the D. A, /, a14. Mr. White lives on _floor, doesnt he? A. the fifteen B. fifteen C. the fifteenth D. fifteenth 15. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try. A. the B. a C. another D. other16. China is one of _ oldest countries in _ world. A. the, the B. the, / C. a, a D. an, the17. Mary is _ only girl who has been to American. A. a B. the C. an D. /18. I We can see_ sun and_ moon in_ picture. A. a, the, the B. the, a, the C. a, the, a D. the, the, the19. _ Browns arrived there yesterday evening. A. / B. A C. The D. An20. _ United States lies in North America. A. An B. A C. The D. /21. I He likes playing_ piano, he doesnt like playing_ football. A. the, the B. the, / C. / , the D. /, /22. We often play football in_ of the school building. A. a front B. fronts C. front D. the front23. I came here in_ autumn of 1982. A. one B. a C. an D. the24. Mr. Wang is coming to our school _ tomorrow. A. / B. the C. an D. this25. Shall we go to see our teacher? She is ill _. A. in a hospital B. in the hospital C. in hospital D. in hospitals26._is a dangerous animal. A. Tigers B. Tigers C. The Tigers D. A tiger27.What colour is _orange? Its _orange. A. an, an B. an, the C. an, / D. / ,an 28.Can I help you, madam? Im looking for_pair of shoes for my daughter. A. the B. an C. a D. some29. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an 30. I have two dogs. _ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old. A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the II. 根据需要，在必要的地方填入冠词。1. Winter is _coldest season of _ year.2. They often play _football before _supper.3. Is it _English jeep?No, its _Chinese car. 4. I often get to _ school at about 7：30 in _morning and I have _lunch in _ middle of _day.5. He sleeps in _ daytime, and works at _night.6._worker and _writer was born in this town.7. J