2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章（含练习解析及译文）可打印.doc.doc

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章阅读理解1.第一篇：TellingTalesaboutPeople讲述关于人们的故事2.第八篇：TheChangingMiddleClass变化中的中产阶级3.第十篇：ALetterfromAlan艾伦的来信4.第十一篇：TheDevelopmentofBallet芭蕾舞的发展5.第十六篇：TheSahara撒哈拉沙漠6.*第十七篇：EiffelIsanEyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔7.*第十八篇：GoalofAmericanEducation（2011年教材中为C级文章）美国教育的目标8.*第十九篇：TheFamily家庭9.*第二十篇：TalesoftheTerriblePast讲述可怕的过去10.*第二十一篇：SpacinginAnimals（2011年教材中为C级文章）动物的空间距离11.*第二十二篇：SomeThingsWeKnowaboutLanguage（2011年教材中为C级文章）我们知道的关于语言的一些事情12.*第二十三篇：TheOnlyWayIsUp（2011年教材中为C级文章）只好向上13.*第二十四篇：CloneFarm（2011年教材中为C级文章）克隆农场14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）收入15.*第二十六篇：SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo看许久以前的世界16.*第二十七篇：ImportanceofServices（2011年教材中为C级文章）服务业的重要性17.*第二十八篇：TheNationalParkService（2011年教材中为C级文章）国家公园的服务机构18.*第二十九篇：FindYourselfPackingItOn?BlameFriends（2011年教材中为C级文章）发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们19.*第三十篇：LuckyLordLucan-AliveorDead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活20.*第三十三篇：OseolaMcCarty老妇人OseolaMcCarty21.+第三十四篇：ToHaveandHaveNot逃亡22.+第三十五篇：GoingHerOwnWay选择她自己的路23.+第三十六篇：ATaleofScottishRuralLife（2011年教材中为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇：PopMusicinAfrica非洲的流行音乐25.+第三十八篇：WhySoManyChildren为什么有这么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇：EattoLive（2011年教材中为B级文章）为了活着吃饭27.+第四十篇：NarrowEscape（2011年教材中为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策28.+第四十七篇：NarrowEscape九死一生第一篇TellingTalesaboutPeopleOneofthemostcommontypesofnonfiction,andonethatmanypeopleenjoyreading,isstoriesaboutpeopleslives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:autobiography,memoir,andbiography.Anautobiographyisthestoryofapersonslifewrittenbyhimselforherself.Oftenitbeginswiththepersonsearliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresentthemselves.However,theyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhatmakesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjarminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.1Otherwriters,suchasJamesJoyce，havewrittenthinlyfictionalizedaccountsoftheirlives.Thesearenotautobiographies，buttheyareveryclosetoit.Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.2Memoirwriterstypicallyusetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.Theydescribethemindetailanddiscusstheirimportance.Recently，though，thetermmemoirseemstobebecominginterchangeab1ewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththeoutsideworld.Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelseslife.Inmanysenses，thesemaybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheeventstheywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogatherinformationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecidewhichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofaperson，notonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiographymaytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.词汇：backdrop/bk,dr?p/n.背景interchangeable/int?t?end?bl/adj.可转换的注释：1.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。2.Memoirs，strictlyspeaking，areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。练习：1.Thispassageismostlyabout_.A.thecharacteristicsofautobiographies，memoirs，andbiographiesB.famousautobiographiesC.whybiographycanbedifficulttowriteD.differencesbetweenautobiographiesandmemoirs2.HelenKellerwrote_.A.amemoirB.anautobiographyC.aworkoffictionD.abiography3.Autobiographywritersarenotalwaysobjectivebecausethey_.A.feeltheyhavetomakeupdetailstomaketheirbookssellB.constantlycompetewithbiographywritersC.wanttopresentthemselvesinagoodlightD.havetroublerememberingthegoodtimes4.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby_.A.definingitB.givinganexampleC.explainingwhyitishardtowriteD.tellingwhenpeoplefirstbeganwritingit5.Diversemeans_.A.abletoswimindeepwaterB.similaroralikeC.variedordifferentD.enjoyingpoetry答案与题解：1.A本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。2.B本题问的是：海伦凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。3.C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。4.A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。5.C本题问的是：diverse的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此C正确。第八篇TheChangingMiddleClassTheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However，middleclassisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.1Itismoreofaperception，whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowing，moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes，workershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem，andnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor，buttheycouldbecomerich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwords，theyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces.Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineonesowneconomicfate.Inaddition，middleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself.2Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet3.Bothspousesnowworked，asdidsomeofthechildren；longcommutesbecameroutine；theneedforchildcareputstrainson4thefamily；andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.MembersofthemiddlecIasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.词汇：designation/dezignei?n/n.称号commute/k?mju:t/n.上下班路程mobility/m?ubil?ti/n.流动性注释：1.However，middlec1assisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。2.Inaddition，middle-c1assmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily，obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneslf.另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。3.makeendsmeet：收支相抵，维持生活4.putstrainson：带来压力练习：1.Theinformationinthispassagedealswith_.A)anindividualB)asocialandeconomicgroupC)apoliticalorganizationD)government2.Acommonmiddleclassvalueisthat_.A)peopleshouldalwayshavefunB)childrenshouldbeseenandnotheardC)debtisnothingtoworryaboutD)thefamilyisveryimportant3.lntheyearsafterWorldWarII，themiddleclasscouldbedefinedas_.A)overburdenedandindebtB)hardworkingandsuspiciousC)prosperousandoptimisticD)youngandfoolish4.Thephrase“Inotherwordsinthefirstparagraphmeansthatthefollowingstatementis_.A)anexceptiontothepreviousideaB)adenialofthepreviousideaC)arestatementofthepreviousideaD)acontrastingidea5.Thewordcollectivelymeans_.A)asagroupB)hesitatinglyC)unknowinglyD)weakly答案与题解：1.B本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B。2.D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，“中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物”。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。3.C本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。4.C本题的问题是：第一段中的lnotherwords这个短语与下列说法一致的是，Inotherwords汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C。5.A本题的问题是：单词collectively的汉语意思是“相同地”，选择A。I第十篇ALetterfromAlanIhavelearntofaplantobuildthreehundredhousesonthelandcalledParsonsPlacebythefootballground.Fewpeopleknowaboutthisnewplantoincreasethesizeofourtown.Forme，ParsonsPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecanrelax-thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.Itsveryquietbecausetherearefewhousesorroadsnearby.Ithinkthatlosingthisareawillbeterriblebecausewehavenoothersimilarfacilitiesintheneighbourhood.Iamalsoagainstthisplanbecauseitwillcausetrafficproblems.Howwillthepeoplefromthenewhousestraveltowork?Themotorwayandtherailwaystationareontheothersideoftown.Therefore，thesepeoplewillhavetodrivethroughthetowncentreeverytimetheygoanywhere.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.Shopsandhotelswilllosebusiness.Ifthetownreallyneedsmorehomes，theemptygroundbesidetherailwaystationisamoresuitableplace.Nodoubtthebuilderswillmakealotofmoneybysellingthesehouses.But，inmyopinion，theaveragepersonwillquicklybemadepoorerbythisplan.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.IamgoingtothelocalgovernmentofficesonMondaymorningtoprotestaboutthisplanandIhopethatyourreaderswilljoinmethere.Wemustmakethemstopthisplanbeforeitistoolate.词汇:facility/f?sil?ti/n.场所，设施protest/pr?utest/v.抗议motorway/m?ut?wei/n.高速公路注释:1.Forme，ParsonsPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecanrelaxthesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察者的欢迎。2.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。3.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.不但如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。练习:1.WhyhasAlanwrittenthisletter?A)Topersuadethegovernmenttobuildnewhouses.B)Toprotestaboutanewmotorwaynearthetown.C)ToencouragemorepeopleinthetowntouseParsonsPlace.D)Toinformotherpeopleaboutthebuildersplans.2.WhyisParsonsPlaceparticularlyimportant，inAlansopinion?A)Becauseitisnearthefootballground.B)Becauselotsofpeoplelivenearit.C)Becauseitisaplacenearthetownwherepeoplecanenjoynature.D)Becauselocalpeoplecangetthereeasilybycarfromthetown.3.Whatwillcausetrafficjams?A)AbuildingonParsonsPlace.B)Buildingneartherailwaystation.C)Touristsinthenarrowstreets.D)Peoplegoingtotheshopsandhotels.4.Alansaysthatordinarypeoplewholiveinthetownwillprobablysoon_.A)opennewshopsandhotelsB)choosetolivenearthestationC)beabletobuynewhomesD)havelessmoney5.WhichofthesepostershasAlanmade?A)SAVEOURSPORTSGROUNDB)SAYNOTOHOUSESONPARSONSPLACEC)WENEEDHOMESNOTHOTELSD)USETHETRAINNOTTHEROAD答案与题解:1.D本题问的是:为什么Alan写这封信?A、B、C选项在文中没有提到，D选项的意思是让其他人了解建筑商的计划，因此D是正确答案。2.C本题问的是:在Alan看来，为什么帕森场非常重要?第一段中提到“因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息”。因此C是正确答案。3.A本题问的是:什么将会引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的计划，那么“公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车”。因此选择A。4.D本题问的是:Alan说住在城镇的人们将来可能会，本文第三段提到“每个人将会因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷。因此选择D。5.B本题问的是:以下哪个是Alan制作的海报?Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森场上建造房屋的计划，因此选择B，对帕森场上的房屋说不。第十一篇TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones，courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement，theywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance，himselfadevoteddancer，foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany，theBalletsRusses，broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants，GeorgeBalanchine，wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.词汇:adjust/?d?st/v.调整eliminate/ilimineit/v.淘汰pageant/pd?nt/n.盛会influential/influen?l/adj.有影响力的注释:1.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。2.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。3.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。练习:1.Thispassagedealsmainlywith_.A)famousnamesinballetB)FrenchversusRussianballetC)thewayballetdevelopedD)whyballetisnolongerpopular2.Animportantinfluenceinearlyballetwas_.A)BalanchineB)MarieAntoinetteC)DiaghilevD)LouisXIV3.Youcanconcludefromthispassagethatballet_.A)isadyingartB)willcontinuetochangeasnewpeopleandideasinfluenceitC)isonlycurrentlyperformedinRussiaandtheUnitedStatesD)isoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining4.Theinformationinthispassageispresented_.A)throughthestoryofonedancerB)bydescribingvariouspositionsandstepsC)bylistingreasonswhyballethassucceededD)inchronologicalorder5.Thewordpageantsmeans_.A)dancesB)instructorsC)kingsD)elaborateshows答案与题解:1.C本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，A、B、D选项都是文章的一部分，而本文主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，因此C是正确答案。2.D本题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在17世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生”“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院”，因此D是正确答案。3.B本题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，A、C、D选项在文中没有提到，结合本文最后一段可以看出B选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。4.D本题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直介绍到芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择D，按照时间前后的顺序。5.D本题问的是:单词pageant的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是D，盛大的表演。第十六篇TheSaharaThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfordesertorsteppe.At3.5millionsquaremiles，anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates，theSaharaDesertinnorthernAfricaisthelargestdesertintheworld.ltspansthecontinentfromtheAtlanticOceantotheRedSea.Daytimetemperaturescanreachashighas130F.Thehumiditysometimesgetsintotheteens.Butitcanalsobeaslowas2.5percent，thelowestintheworld.MostoftheSaharareceiveslessthanfiveinchesofrainperyear，whilelargeareassometimeshavenorainfallatallforyears.AttheheartoftheSaharaisthelandlockednorthAfricancountryofNiger.Herethesanddunescanbe100feettallandseveralmileslong.HeresandplainsstretchoveranarealargerthanGermanywherethereisneitherwaternortowns.