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1 / 57 初中英语语法时态总结 初中英语语法动词时态总结 一、一般现在时 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every, s ometimes, at, on Sunday 。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如: Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 2 / 57 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例: Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如: I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 比较: Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的 now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 二、一般过去时 3 / 57 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有: yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。例如: Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了? 2)表示在过去一段时 间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在 马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。 3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth 到 时间了 该 了 。例如: It is time for you to go to bed. 你4 / 57 该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该 了 ,例如 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would rather sb. did sth. 表示 宁愿某人做某事 。例如: Id rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在 。例如: I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较: Christine was an invalid all her life. Christine has been an invalid all her life. Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. 5 / 57 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。 1)动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2)情态动词 could, would。例如: Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗? used to / be used to used to + do: 过去常常 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老 妈过去没那么健忘。 6 / 57 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。 be used to + doing:对 已感到习惯,或 习惯于 , to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如: He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。 典型例题 - Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。 三、一般将来时 7 / 57 1) shall 用于第一人称,常被 will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗? 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如: What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 计划,安排要 发生的事。例如: The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如: Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。 8 / 57 3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告 。 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意: be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 5) be going to / will 用于条件句时, be going to 表将来 ,will表意愿。例如: If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 6) be to和 be going to 9 / 57 be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事, be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。 Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。 7)一般现在时表将来 1)下列动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。 2)以 here, there 等开始的倒装句,表示动 作正在进行。例如: 10 / 57 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3)在时间或条件句中。例如: When Bill comes , ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 4)在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。 8)现在进行时标将来 11 / 57 下列动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如: Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗? 四、现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have +过去分词。 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 12 / 57 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now 等,皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状 语。 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film. Why did you get up so early? 13 / 57 Who hasnt handed in his paper? 初中英语时态语态总结表 . 初中英语八种时态归纳复习 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、一般现在时: 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sunda ys, etc. 基本结构: be 动词; 行为动词 14 / 57 否定形式: am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加 dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: 把 be动词放于句首; 用助动词 do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 does,同时,还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时: 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month?), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本 结构: be 动词; 行为动词 否定形式: was/were+not; 在行为动词前加 didnt,同时还原行为动词。 15 / 57 一般疑问句: was 或 were 放于句首; 用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时: 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语: now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构: am/is/are+doing 否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句:把 be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时: 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time 或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 16 / 57 基本结构: was/were+doing 否定形式: was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句:把 was或 were放于句首。 五、现在完成时: 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语: recently, lately, since?for?,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构: have/has + done 否定形式: have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句: have 或 has。 六、过去完成时: 17 / 57 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的 动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即 “ 过去的过去 ” 。 时间状语: before, by the end of last year(term, month?),etc. 基本结构: had + done. 否定形式: had + not + done. 一般疑问句: had 放于句首。 七、一般将来时: 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year?),soon, in a few minutes, by?,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构: am/is/are/going to + do ; will/shall + do. 18 / 57 否定形式: was/were + not; 在行为动词前加 didnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: be 放于句首; will/s hall 提到句首。 八、过去将来时: 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语: the next day(morning, year?),the following month(week?),etc. 基本结构: was/were/going to + do ; would/should + do. 否定形式: was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句: was 或 were 放于句首; would/should 提到句首。 19 / 57 . 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形 式: 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式: 瞬间动词用于 “ 一段时间 + ago” 的一般过去时的句型中; 瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用; 瞬间动词用于 “It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时 ” 的句型中,表示 “ 自从 ?以来有 ?时间 ” 的意思,主句一般用 it is 来代替 It has been; 瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时 ” 的句型中。请看: A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. 20 / 57 C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中, at 加上名词表示 “ 处于某种状态 ” ,如at work, at school 等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看: Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中 go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连 用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为 “ 我就来,妈妈! ” 请看: The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、 “be going to+ 动词21 / 57 原形 ” 与 “will(shall)+ 动词原形 ” 结 构的转换 “be going to+ 动词原形 ” 、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时 “will(shall)+ 动词原形 ” 结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词 shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用 will。请看: We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday . 1 in English 用英语 2 how many 多少 3 a piece of bread 一片而包 4 four cups of tea 四杯茶 5 a pair of shoes 一双鞋 6 play chess 下棋 7 run after 追逐 8 play football 踢足球 9 be good at 擅长 10 on the basketabll team 在篮球队 11 scoot at the basket 投篮 12 the first us 第一班车 13 at eight 在八点 14 hurry up 快点 15 a quarter past ten 十点一刻 16 five to eleven 差五分十 22 / 57 一点 17 the next train 下一趟火车 18 on Monday 在周一 19 a ticket for Shanghai 一张飞往上海的机票 20 at home 在家 21 a good idea 好主意 22 go skating 去滑冰 23 in the afternoon 在下午 24 in winter 在冬季 25 make a snowman 堆雪人 26. put on 穿上,戴上 第二册词组 (共 84 个 ) 1 in Class One, Grade One 在一年级一班 2 play ball games 进行球类活动 初中英语语法八大时态 第一课时 一般现在时的 用法 一、概述 一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。 “ 习惯性、经常性、反复性 ” 是一般现在时的三大特性,它不表示特定时间内发生的事。 二、一般现在时的结构 时态的结构指的是动词的变化形式。一般现在时间有两种结23 / 57 构,一种是动词原形,用于主语为非第三人称时的情况;另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式,用于主语为第三人称时的情况。 often get up early in the morning. father often gets up early in the morning. 三、谈谈 “ 主语为三单,其后动词 s 添 ” 在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。可以简单叙述为 “ 主语为三单,其后动词 s 添 ” 。何谓第三人称单数?用一句话概括就是 “ 非你、非我、非复数 ” ,如 he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc. sometimes goes to school by bike. father works in the hospital as a doctor. 四、动词第三人称单数变化规则 动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。 规则一、一般在词尾加 -s。 24 / 57 如: looks, puts. reads, sees, skis 等。 规则二、以 -o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的加 -es。 如: goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。 规则三、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,变 y 为 i,再加 -es。注意一定是辅音字母加 y 才变,若是元音字母加 y,则直接加 -s。 如: fly flies, try tries, fry fries, copy copies buy buys, enjoy enj oys, play plays, say says, pay pays 五、一般现在时的句子转换 当句子中有 be动词或情态动词时,则把 be动词或情态动词(can,could 等等 )提到主语的前面变成一般疑问句 ;在 be 动词或情态动词后面加 not 变成否定句 .例: 陈述句: She is a student. 25 / 57 一般疑问句 Is she a student? 否定句 She is not a student. 陈述句: I can swim. 一般疑问句 Can you swim? 否定句 I can not swim. 当句子中即没有 be 动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词 do (you,以及复数 ), does 变成一般疑问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词 don t 变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例: 陈述句: We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句 We don t get up at 7:00 every morning. 陈述句: She has a little brother. 26 / 57 一般疑问句 Does she have a little brother? 否定句 She doesn t have a little brother. 六、练习巩固 1.写出下列动词的三单形式 go_ catch_ (转 载于 : 海达 范文 网 :初中英语语法时态总结 ) brush_ wash_ do_ like_ have_ watch_ drink _ fly_ say_ learn _ study_ stay _ make _ look _ 27 / 57 pass_ carry _ come_plant(种植 )_ teach_ buy_ 2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. We often_(play) in the playground. 2. He _(get) up at six o clock. 3._you_(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What_ (do) he usually_ (do) after school? _(study)English,Chinese,Maths, Science and Art at school. 28 / 57 6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she often_(watch) TV with his parents. 8. _ Mike_(read) English every day? many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday? 10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework? 3.选择题 ( )1. I _to school at 7:00 in the morning. A. go B. going C. goes ( )2. They _books every day in the library. 29 / 57 B. read C. reading ( )3. The monkey_ eating bananas very much. B. likes C. liking ( )4. My father _to read newspaper after supper every day. B. likes C. liking ( )5. I like watching TV, but my mother _like it. A. don t B. doesn t C. does ( )6. _ your father drink milk every day? B. are C. does 7. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow. 30 / 57 A. dont rain B. didnt rain t rain D. isnt rain 8. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets Mei _ music and often _ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 10. Jenny_ English every evening. A has study B studies often_(play) in the playgound every day. 3. _ Mike_(read) English every day? 31 / 57 4. The boy (sit) under the tree now. 5. -What are you going to do? -I (paint) the bookcase. 6. He 7. -Where the girl (come) from? -She from Beijing. 8. We are . We come from (Chinese, China) 9. Jim (not like) coffee, but he (like) tea. 10. Do you want (some) meat today? 三、填入下列句子中所缺的单词。 1. Do you want apples 2. - you come from? -I from Italy. 3. - the boy from? -The boy from Shanghai. 32 / 57 4. 5. seasons do you like best? 6. What is the climate in that country? 7. nationality you? I m American. 四、改写句子。 1. She lives in a small city. 5. He watches TV every day. 4. They live in a small city. 5. Anna watches TV every day. 五、改错 1. The dog is eatting bones. 2. My brother like beef. 33 / 57 3. They not walking over the bridge. 4. What are you do? 5. She doesn t likes the winter. 6. He is swiming across the river. 7. It don t rain in winter. 8. Do he come from England? 9. I comes from China. 10. The child crying. 11. What are the child doing? 六、用所给的词语组成句子。 1. she, does, like, steak, not, either 34 / 57 2. weather, like, the, what, today, is 3. weather, the, is, often, in, warm, the, of, south, couth, country, this 4. it, always, hot, is, summer, and, in, sometimes, rains, it 5. Jim, is, comes, from, and, French, France, he 第二课时 一般过去时 一、巧记一般过去时: 动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事; be用 was或用 were, have,has变 had; 谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加 -ed,若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单,主语之后 didn t 添; 35 / 57 疑问句也不难, did 放在主语前; 不含 be动词时 如果谓语之前有 did,谓语动词需还原; 动词若是 was,were,否定就把 not添。 含 be 动词时 疑问句也不难,要把 was, were放在主语前。 be 的一般过去时:学习动词 be 的一般过去时,下面有一口诀, be的过去时有四巧: 一是时间状语巧, 表示过去的短语要记牢; 二是形式 巧,单数 was,复数 were; 三巧是否定句结构, not紧跟 was were; 四是疑问句式巧, was were向前跑 (提前 )。 【一巧】时间状语巧。一般过去时表示过去发 生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧 与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。 36 / 57 【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单 数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用 were。 例如: I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a moment ago 刚才他们在那边。 【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词 be 的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加 not 即可变成否定句,并且 was, were 与 not可以缩写成 wasnt, werent。即: 主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他。例如: I was not ( wasnt) here yesterday 昨天我不在这儿。 My parents were not ( werent) at home last Sunday上周日我父母不在家。 37 / 57 【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把 was, were 提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即: Was(Were) 主语 表语 其他?这恰巧与动词 be 的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如: Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗? 初中英语语法总结一览表 初中英语语法归纳 被动语态 动词的语态主要分为两种:主动语态与被动语态主动语态指主语是谓语功作的执 行者,。者为主动关系。被动语态指主语是谓语动作的承受者,。者为被功关系。 I have done the job. The job has been done. 1被动 语态根据时态的不同,可分为以下几种类型: 38 / 57 一般现在时: am/is/are+done; 一般过去时: was/were+done 现在进行时: am/is/are+being done 过去进行时: was/were+being done 将来时 : will/would+be done,be going to be done, be to be done 现在完成时: have/has +been done 过去完成时: had+been done 将来完成时: will+have been done 2 被动语态门主功 语态一样具有不同时态,其时态的变化取决于时间状语,其时态的变化形式由其助动词 be 的事态变化形式来体现 39 / 57 The house is being painted now. Eru0ugh has been said to him about it. The furniture was bought last week. Youll be punished one day. 3被动语态的意义 不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者 Colour TV sets are sold in that shop. Football is plated all over the world. (2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。 History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people. 40 / 57 (3)有时主语较长,可后置。 Its said that we have won the game. 4在使役动词 makr 及感官动词 see , hear. 等动词的被动 语态形式后面出现的作主语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号 “to? The teacher made Tom answer it again. The job was well done by a skilled worker. The composition is well written. The composition is written with great care;. 7原来主动语态中的宾语如果是从句,变为被动语态时,要用形式主语 it. It has been known to him that many friends will come to see him. 41 / 57 It is said that this book has been translated into several languages. 8有一些动词不能用被动语态。 break out, take place, happen, belong to, cost, suit,fit, have, let, wear, weigh. suffer, pass, kill the time, enter, last, meet, join, fail等 9宾语为反身代词时,不用被动语态,只用主动语态形式。 The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 10有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。 如: happen, pretend, seem, used to, ought to, appear等。 The house used to be painted white. The job has to be done before dark. 42 / 57 On the way we happened to be caught in the rain. 11有些动名词在 want, need, require 和介词 worth后形式为主动,意义为被动。 12有些动词用主动形式来表示被动意义。如: clean, sell,look, lock, open, write, read, wash,feel 等。 This kind of cloth washes easily. These books sell well. The door doesnt lock. The door cant open. This pen writes very well. 13除助动词 be可以构成被动语态外, get, become 等词也可以过去分词构成被动意义。 She was unhappy because she didnt get invited to the party. 43 / 57 主谓一致。 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致,句子的主语是第三人称单数,其谓语动词须用单数,主语是复数,则谓语动词用复数。 1主谓一致的三个原则。 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾,但当发生冲突时,意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。 (1)语法一致原则: 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也应采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也应采取复数形式。 She is a girl她是女孩。 They are all girls她们都是女孩。 44 / 57 The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures. 这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。 The old are very well taken care of in our city老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。 ( the old指所有的老年人,指一类人,为复
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