Unit1Topic3初中英语句子成分讲解-练习和答案.docVIP

【简单句的五种基本句型】 A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)S+V 如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。 B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)S+V+O 如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) S+V+P 如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到） It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得） Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来） D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语、直接宾语）(主谓+间宾+直宾)S+V+IO+DO 如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补) S+V+O+OC 如：They call her Mary.（宾补） 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。 He always makes us laugh.（宾补） 他总使我们笑。一、 典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early.二、 课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语My brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. A B C D How many newwordsdoyoulearn? A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou? A B C D(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old manisfeelingverytired. Why isheworriedaboutJim? A B C D A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow. SoonTheyallbecome interestedin the subject. A B C D A B C D Sheisthe firstto learnabout it. A B C D(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 TheyuseMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname. Whatisyourgivenname? A B C D A B C D On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3. I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor. A B C D A B C DThe mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D（四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.A B C D Heasksherto take the boyout of school. Shefinditdifficultto do the work.A B C D A B C D TheycallmeLilysometimes. IsawMr. Wangget on the bus.A B C D A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的状语Thereisa big smileon her face. A B C DEvery nightheheardthe noiseupstairs. A B C D Hebeganto learnEnglishwhen he was eleven.A B C DThe manon the motorbikeis travellingto fast.A B C DWith the medicine box under her arm,MissLihurried off. A B C D(六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语（ ）Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Does he leave any message for me?句子成分及基本句型三、 考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We dont finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book.（他将书递给我。） 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成： （5）She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 如：They make her happy.（形容词） I see her dance.（不定式） Well help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词） Please let him in.（副词） We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 如：I am a teacher.（名词） He is always happy.（形容词） They are on the playground now.（介词短语） It gets cold.（形容词） Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）系动词 表保持（keep, stay, remain） 表改变（get， become， turn） 感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来）如：It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语） We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词， careful为表语） （六）定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如：The black bike is mine.（形容词） Whats your name?（代词） They make paper flowers.（名词） 说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。 如：I tell him something interesting. （形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语） He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语） 说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。）（七）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如：He did it carefully.（副词） We often help him.（副词） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语） He sits there.（副词地点状语）仁爱八年级上Unit1 Topic3 Section A 学习目标:1.掌握Page17-18的单词，重点短语及句型。2.自学理解文章内容。3.通过合作探究，熟练掌握和运用下列短语、句型。 make many friends, join /be in /take part in + 活动maybe=perhaps (adv.) may be (v.)Ill be in the long jump and the high jump. Its ones first time to do sth. 某人第一次做某事语法重点： Will + 动词原形 表示一般将来时第一部分：词汇导学1. maybe adv. 大概，可能。与perhaps 同义，但不如perhaps 庄重，常用于句首，与主句连着写。 e.g.: Maybe he is right.【注意】maybe 与 may be 的区别，may be 是情态动词may + be动词原形构成的谓语，必须用在主语之后。 e.g.: He may be right.同义句转换：Maybe Yu Ting will be in the long jump.Yu Ting _ _ in the long jump.2. perhaps adv. 也许，有可能。与maybe 同义，常用于句首。 e.g.: Perhaps it will rain.第二部分：课堂任务任务一：I. 读对话1a，翻译下列习语。1. 参加_ 2. 学校运动会_3. be in _ 4. cheer sb. on _5.男子800米比赛 6 我希望如此。 任务二: I读 2a, 完成2a，并翻译下列习语.1. my first time to do sth. _2. have lots of fun _3. 为做好准备_. 4. 尽我最大努力_5. 交许多朋友_ 6. join in _II：根据2a完成2b。根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.这是他第一次来上海。 is his to come to Shanghai.2.我明天将参加跳远比赛。 Ill the long jump tomorrow.3妈妈打算为我买一双跑鞋。.Mum is going to buy me a of . 4.我现在不想参加考试。我还没有准备好。I dont want to take the test. I not it.单项选择。 ( )1.I bought a pair of running shoes because I want to _ the teachers relay race. A.joinB.join inC.take partD.have part in( )2._The long jump.A.What sport will you take part in?B.Which sport will you take part in?C.What are you going to do?D.Whats the matter?( )3.Li Ming will take part in the boys _.A.800-meter raceB.800-meter racesC.800 meter raceD.800-meter-races( )4.My foreign friend, Tom, will come to _.A.cheer me upB.cheer up meC.cheer me onD.cheer on me ( )5.Hi, Im Xiao Li, Im very glad to _ friends _ you.Me too. Im Xiao Wang.A.get; likeB.make; withC.get; withD.make; toUnit 1 Topic 2.听句子，选择正确图片。每个句子读一遍。（5分）( )1. ( )2.( )3. ( )4.( )5.听句子，选择正确答语。每个句子读一遍。（5分）( )6.A.Yes, youd better not.B.No, youd better not.C.No, you cant smoke.( )7.A.You can ask him.B.Youd better catch a bus.C.You are all right.( )8.A.Thats right.B.Thats OK. Please take a seat.C.All right.( )9.A.Yes, Id like to.B.Really?C.No, thanks.( )10.A.No problem.B.Not at all.C.Thats very kind of you.听对话及问题，选择正确答案。每组对话及问题读两遍。（5分）( )11.A.Music.B.Art.C.Sports.( )12.A.The girls.B.The boys.C.Class Three.( )13.A.One.B.Two.C.Three.( )14.A.He asks her to come earlier next time.B.He asks her to study hard.C.He asks her to go home earlier.( )15.A.Playing basketball.B.Running.C.Going out for a walk.听短文，判断正(T)误(F)。短文读两遍。（5分）( )16.Michael Jordan was born in Washington, DC.( )17.Jordan could play basketball very well in his high school.( )18.He played so well that people called him“Air Jordan”.( )19.He became a basketball team member in the Houston Rockets.( )20.Once he got 36 points in one game.第二部分 基础知识运用 (55分).单项选择。（10分）( )1.Im sorry for _ I said.It doesnt matter.A.howB.whichC.whatD.when( )2.Ill play baseball, because it can_.A.to build me upB.to build up meC. build up meD. build me up( )3.He was too _ to cut himself with the knife.A.carefulB.carefullyC.carelessD.care( )4.You play the piano too loudly. Would you please play it _?Im sorry.A.clearlyB.silentC.quietD.quietly( )5.Would you mind _ us in the game?Not at all.A.joiningB.joinC.join in D.joining in( )6.Why were you late for the meeting this morning?I got up too late, so I _ the first bus.A.caughtB.missedC.tookD.forgot( )7.Thats very kind _ you, but I think I can manage it myself.A.toB.atC.ofD.from( )8.You kept me _ so long.Sorry. Ill be ready soon.A.waitB.to waitC.waitedD.waiting( )9.Im so sorry for losing your dictionary._A.Oh, it doesnt matter.B.Youre welcome.C.Thats OK.D.Thank you all the same.( )10.Will you join us?_A.No, I wont.B.Youre welcome.C.I hope not.D.Of course, I will.完形填空。（10分）The game of football began in England in the middle of the nineteenth century. But the Chinese played a game 16 football more than 2,000 years ago. In the 17 , it was not easy and dangerous. There was not a fixed (固定的) number of 18 and there were always a lot of fightings. In 1863 the Football Association (协会) was founded (成立) to bring 19 to the game. Since then, more and more people began to play football, making it the worlds most 20 sport. Its the strongest in Europe and 21 , but it is more popular in Africa 22 and now women also play football.Womens football is one of the fastest 23 sports in the world. The World Cup is the 24 important prize (奖) in international football. The match is held (被举行) every four years in 25 countries around the world. The first match was held in 1930 and the winner was Uruguay. ( )16.A.likeB.forC.withD.as( )17.A.beginB.beginningC.beginingD.begins( )18.A.playersB.ballsC.womenD.men( )19.A.peopleB.footballC.fansD.rules( )20.A.difficultB.comfortableC.popularD.hopeful( )21.A.EnglandB.GermanyC.South AmericaD.Africa( )22.A.eitherB.as wellC.alsoD.neither( )23.A.relaxingB.movingC.runningD.growing( )24.A.veryB.moreC.mostD.less( )25.A.differentB.importantC.bigD.a few.阅读理解。（30分）（A）Most people make their living（谋生）with their hands, but Bob makes his living with his feet.Bobs story began in a small city in England. His parents were poor. Seven people lived in a small house. Bob had no place to play but on the street.Bobs father often played football. Little Bob wanted to play football, too. So his father made a soft (柔软的) ball for him to kick. It was a sock full of old cloth. He kicked it every day.At last Bob learned to kick a real football. And after a few years he could play football very well.( )26.People usually make their living _.A.by learning by themselvesB.with their feetC.by playing footballD.with their hands( )27.Which of the following is TRUE?A.Bob was born in a small village.B.Bobs house was very big.C.There were eight people in the family.D.The little boy often played on the street.( )28.Why did the father make a soft ball for his son?A.Because the family all liked football.B.Because Bob also liked to play football.C.Because they had lots of old cloth.D.Because he didnt want to throw the sock away. ( )29.The word“kick”in the story means _.A.踢B.玩C.射门D.弹起( )30.From the story we can see _.A.Bobs ageB.its about an Ame