2014高考英语单项选择解题指导[整理]-新人教.ppt

单项选择解题指导,近几年的NMET单项选择填空题的命题原则是：“突出语境，强化语意，强调运用”。此类题型的设置旨在测试考生基础知识在特定语境中的应用，词法、习语的识记与理解以及语用能力。,1思维定势型,2规则硬套型,3.母语干扰型,4.插入隔离型,5.借用倒装型,八种常见陷阱,6.结构误配型,7.词义误解型,8.词性误用型,Strategyone-把握语境信息增强语境意识，提高分析语境的能力：题干中的语境信息不仅包括事件的地点,内容和时间;而且常是单词、短语或句子,1.-Goodmorning,GrandHotel.-Hello,Idliketobookaroomforthenightof18thand19th.-_(NMET2001)WhatcanIdoforyou?Justaminute,please.Whatsthematter?Atyourservice,“听您的吩咐”或“为您效劳”,D,将高考题改变语境信息进行训练,1.（原题）HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorning.（NMET2004全国II）（改编）HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Yes.He_itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone,c,A,2.（原题）Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(NMET99)（改编）Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryheisstudyingin.（改编）Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhewillstudyin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyCtobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,A,C,B,3.（原题）-WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?-_wayasyouplease.(2004福建)（改编）-WhichofthetwowaysshallItaketothevillage?-_wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either,D,C,Strategytwo-把握命题意图,排除干扰试题特点：题干以疑问句，被动句,倒装句，强调句等形式出现来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。,解题技巧：将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句还原为熟悉的陈述句,还原法,一、将疑问句改成陈述句。,如：1.Whomwouldyouratherhave_withyou?A.togoB.goC.goneD.going,分析：测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。Havesb.dosth.,还原为：youwouldratherhave_withyou.,B,例2IsthisthebookyouhavebeenlookingforallthetimeAthatBoneCtheoneDit,还原为：Thisisthebookyouhavebeenlookingforallthetime,A,容易看出该题是一个缺少表语，且含有定语从句的主从复合句。不难看出，定语从句youhavebeenlookingforallthetime修饰的先行词是主句的表语,还原为：Thisbookisyouhavebeenlookingforallthetime,注意比较下面例子：例3:IsthisbookyouhavebeenlookingforallthetimeAthatBoneCtheoneDit,C,二、改被动句为主动句。,1.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof_ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns,Weshouldmakegooduseoftime_ourlessonwell.,C,2.ClarlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.AtoinventBinventingCtohaveinventedDhavinginvented.,PeoplegenerallyconsideredClarlesBabbage_thefirstcomputer.,C,1.Itwas_theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathomeArepairBrepairingCtorepairDinrepair,B,还原为：Theoldmanspentthewholemorning_theoldclockathome,三、强调句型还原成简单句式,判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法-去掉题干中的Itis(was).that(who)，如果句子仍然成立-表达完整的意思，则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。,例2ItwascomputergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimeheoughttohavespentonhislessonsA.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed,还原为computergamescosttheboyalotoftimeheoughttohavespentonhislessons，很容易看出本题应用-ing形式短语作主语，但无需用完成体。,注意比较下面例子：例3Itwas2004youjoinedthefootballclubAwhoBthatCwhenDwhich,分析：运用还原法，去掉Itwas.(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加in)，故此句不是强调句型，而是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。,B,C,whatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!AwhatreasonableBHowareasonableCHowreasonableDWhatareasonable,C,四、感叹句还原为陈述句,WhatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。,五、固定短语还原,例ThatwaswehadinLondon3yearsago!AwonderfultimeBawonderfultimeCwonderfulDwonderfully,可还原为：WehadawonderfultimeinLondon3yearsago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配hadawonderfultime（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。,B,(that),六去掉插入语或从句或分词结构,Hebelievesinhimself，_，inmyopinion，isofthemostimportanceAthatBwhichCwhatDAs2.Whodoyouthink_usatalkthisafternoon?A.togiveB.gaveC.willgiveD.giving,(),B,(),C,3.Thewriter，whomIoftenrefertoatthemeetings，_famousforthoseworksAisBareCamDwere4.Heoftenstandsagainstthefenceandtalksendlesslywithmyfather_gardeningproblemsAtoBtooCaboutDoff,A,(,),C,(),插入隔离型有时一个本来很简单的句子，在其中置入一个插入成分，或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置，则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难。,Iamlookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfto_me.A.havingseenB.seeingC.seeD.beseen,陷阱一,陷阱二,Ithink_,thoughIcouldbemistaken,helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what,七补充省略成分,1.-Whatmadeyousohappy?-_.A.Becauseofmypassingtheexam.B.Ipassedtheexam.C.BecauseIpassedtheexam.D.Mypassingtheexam.2.Sheislookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfto_her.A.haveseenB.seeingC.seeD.havingseen,(mademesohappy),D,（改）Sheislookingsoforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimself(islookingforward)to_her.,B,Strategythree-克服思维定势法,1.Whichdoyouenjoy_yoursparetime,playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark?A.spendingB.tospendC.havingspentD.tohavespent,2.Heranasfastashecould_thebus.A.catchB.catchingC.tocatchD.caught,Heranasfastashecould(run)tocatchthebus.,思维定势是指人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种固定的思维模式。如果运用得当，会使我们很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不当，它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。,思维定势型,Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours_inmystudy.A.lockingB.lockedC.tolockD.tobelocked,陷阱一,陷阱二,Itwas10oclock_thefrontdoorbellrang.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which,2规则硬套型就是指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬硬套语法的条条框框，从而错误地作出选择。,Hemadeuphismindtodevotehislife_pollution_happily.A.toprevent,toliveB.toprevent,fromlivingC.topreventing,toliveD.topreventing,living,陷阱一,C,The“TwoCities”referred_LondonandParis.A.istoB.tobeC.toareD.togoingtobe,陷阱二,.,3.母语干扰型,学外语最忌母语干扰，但由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响。命题者也往往利用这一点，制造陷阱。,Illcometoseeyouif_.youreconvenientitisconvenientforyouyoufeelconvenientitisconvenientwithyou,陷阱一,B,Ifanorthernerlivesinsouth,hewillprobablyfeelthat_.hedoesntagreetotheclimatethere.B.theclimatedoesntagreewithhim.C.hecantagreewiththeclimatethereD.theclimatedoesntagreetohim.,陷阱二,B,5借用倒装型,英语句子的一般语序为“主语部分谓语部分”，如果把谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语前面，我们称之为倒装。命题者就利用这种“不正常”的句式跟你“绕弯子”。解决类似的题目，关键是要熟悉倒装规则，学会识别倒装句。,陷阱一,_hefollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.A.WhenB.IfC.HadD.Has,c,陷阱二,LittleJimisgoingtospendhisholidayinParis,_liveshisuncle.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.that,C,6.结构误配型,有许多试题，从表面上看是甲结构，而实际是乙结构；或者命题人考查的是甲结构，而应试者却将其误认为是乙结构；或者从选项来看是甲结构，而题干考查的实际上是乙结构等等。对于这类问题，若不仔细识别，则很容易出错。,陷阱一,A,Theywerentaparticularlygoodteam,buttheyrefusedtogiveinand_defeat.A.acceptB.acceptedC.acceptingD.tohaveaccepted,陷阱二,Wekeepintouch_writingoften.A.withB.ofC.onD.by,D,7.词义误解型,有许多所谓的陷阱题，倒不是因为句子结构有多么复杂，用词多么生僻，而是因为其中有个别词（尤其是其中的关键词）的词义很容易误解，或是同学们对这类词理解不准，在运用时其词义在脑海中模棱两可，从而导致做题失误,陷阱一,Mr.Black,whoisa_,isnowinlovewithMissSmith,whoisa_.A.cooker,typewriterB.cook,typistC.cooker,typistD.cook,typewriter,B,陷阱二,Weshould_thepeopleallheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.servein,A,8.词性误用型,英语和汉语不仅在遣词造句、句型搭配、习惯用法等方面有很大的差别，就是在词性方面也有很大的差别，并且这种差别有时会使同学们稍不小心就酿成错误,陷阱一,_yourstudentsagainstorfortheplanmadebytheteacher?,A.DoB.CanC.AreD.Did,A_roadgoes_fromoneplacetoanother.,陷阱二,A.straight,straightB.straightly,straightlyC.straight,straightlyD.straightly,straight,A,Strategyfour-标点符号提示法,1.Tomhasmanyfriends;_canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhom