名词性从句和定语从句.ppt

名词性从句whichmadeussad.（改为：_）Hehastwosisters,oneofthemisateacher.（改为：_）,house后加theone,that,whom,有分号或连词时不是定语从句,是平行结构.,(3).定语从句中主谓一致:一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致ThestudentswhowereherejustnowarefromNo.1SeniorMiddleSchool.比较:,Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasherejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswhowereherejustnow.,如果oneof+复数名词后跟有定语从句，一般情况下oneof后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有theonly修饰时，先行词则为one。,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_isaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam._madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.,which,That,which,them,whom,NounClausesinclude:,SubjectiveClause(主语从句),ObjectiveClause(宾语从句),PredicativeClause(表语从句),AppositiveClause(同位语从句),I.ConceptionInput,nounclauses,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Thatshedidbestintheexampleasedherparents.,Ithinkthatphysicsisveryhardtolearn.,Theproblemisthatwehaventgotintouchwiththem.,Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus.,(that引导的),主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that,whether(that不可省);代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:,1._heisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.),2._hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)3._hesaidwasright.Itwasrightwhathesaid.,That,When,What,用it作形式主语的结构,(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)Itis形容词从句ItisnaturalthatS+shoulddo很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(important,necessary,impossible)(3)Itis不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧(4)It过去分词从句Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说,表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另，常用的还有thereasonisthat和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1)Thequestionis_wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisis_wecantgetthesupportofthepeople3)Butthefactremains_wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolis_hemissedtheearlybus.,whether,why,that,that,表语从句,如果句子的主语是suggestion,order,advice,proposal等名词时，后面that引导的表语从句用“（should)+动词原形”形式,Hissuggestionisthatwe（should）finishtheworkatonce.,宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词后。1.作动词的宾语1)由that引导的宾语从句（that可以省略）,1.Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.2.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.3.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethenote.4.Hetoldmethathewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.,引导宾语从句的that常常可以省略,但在以下情况不能省略.,make,find,feel,consider这些词后面用it作形式宾语时,that不能省略。,IfinditnecessarythatwestudyEnglish.,2)有两个宾语从句时，第二个that不能省略。,Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldntgothere.,3)与动词相隔离的宾语从句，that不能省略。,Theteachertellsusveryoftenthatweshouldstudyhard.,4)宾语从句放在句首时,为了强调,that不能省略。,ThathehasdonesuchathingIcantbelieve.,同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词that;少数情况下也可用连接副词等.如:,1.Thethoughtthatwenightsuccessexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.YouhadnoideahowworriedIwas.,4.ThepossibilitywhetherBushwillwintheelectionisworthconsidering.5.Ihavenoideawhatthelifewillbelikein2100s.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,Thenewsthathetoldmeisthathewouldgoabroad.（他告诉我的消息是真的）（that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,Tellthedifference,1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.,3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进