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钻攻零件 机床 攻丝左 主轴 设计 图纸 优秀 优良

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主轴箱总图.dwg 主轴箱箱体的补充加工图.dwg 单列圆锥滚子轴承攻丝主轴.dwg 外文翻译--组合机床.doc 封面.doc 文献综述.doc 滚针轴承主轴.dwg 滚针轴承传动轴.dwg 轴T0733-44-20.dwg 钻攻零件侧孔机床的攻丝左主轴箱设计开题报告.doc 钻攻零件侧孔机床的攻丝左主轴箱设计说明书.doc 齿轮2.dwg 齿轮3.dwg

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中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系 别： 机械工程系 专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓 名： 学 号： 2012年 月 日 外文资料翻译译文1 国内外同类研究概况1.1 国外研究状况1952年美国生产出了第一台数控机床，此后，日本、德国、意大利等国家的一些木工机床的制造厂家应用机电一体化技术，相继推出了各种先进的机床。目前，螺纹加工机床已经与液压系统，气压系统和数控系统结合生产出了很多先进的攻丝机，例如：西班牙的才CMA攻丝机系列，等等。目前，机床加工正在向复合化，高速化，精密化，高效能化，智能化，环保化方向发展而螺纹加工正在向高效率，高自有度，高生产率，高自动化，高定位速度和高切削速度，低成本方向发展。1.2 国内研究状况我国自改革开放以来，虽然机床加工机械的技术水平及产品质量有着显著的提高，但与先进的发达国家相比差距较大，主要存在的问题有：水平低、仿制多、品种少、自动化程度不高，外观质量不高，机床机械合格率低，远低于同类机械产品的平均合格率。螺纹加工机床和其他机床一样发展缓慢。国内生产的中档普及型数控机床的功能、性能和可靠性方面已具有较强的市场竞力。但在中、高档数控机床方面，与国外一些先进产品相比，仍存在较大差距。螺纹加工的数控化程度也很低。虽然我国现在的水平很低不过我们有很好的发展前景：首先，我国的政策调整有利于车床行业的发展；第二，产业转移给车床行业的发展带来了机遇；第三，下游行业成长较快；第四，数控车床消费增长较快。而螺纹加工的攻丝机只是车床中的一个部分，当然也具有很好的发展前景。目前国内有很多的组合机床仍然采用继电器控制，使用不便，且较为落后。而国外同行业则较多采用PLC先进技术集成控制来实现生产自动化，已形成一系列自动化程度较高的生产流水线，大大提高了生产效率和节省了成本。2 组合机床概述2.1 组合机床及其特点组合机床是由大量的通用部件和少量专用部件组成的工序集中的高效率专用机床。它能够对一种（或几种）零件进行多刀、多轴、多面、多工位加工。在组合机床上可以完成钻孔、扩孔、铰孔、镗孔、攻丝、车削、铣削、磨削及滚压等工序，生产效率高，加工质量稳定。组合机床与通用机床，其他专用机床比较，具有以下特点：（1）组合机床上的通用部件和标准零件约占全部机床零、部件总量的，因此设计和制造的周期短，投资少，经济效果好。（2）由于组合机床用多刀加工，并且自动化程度高，因而比通用机床生产效率高，产品质量稳定，劳动强度低。（3）组合机床的通用部件是经过周密设计和长期生产实践考验的，又有专门厂成批制造，因此结构稳定，工作可靠，使用和维修方便。（4）在组合机床上加工零件时，由于采用专用夹具、刀具和导向装置，加工质量靠工艺装备保证，对操作工人的技术水平要求不高。（5）当被加工产品更新时，采用其他类型的专门机床时，其大部分部件要报废。用组合机床时，其通用部件和标准零件可以重复利用，不必另行设计和制造。（6）组合机床易于联成组合机床自动线，以适应大规模的生产需要。图2-1表示由通用部件和少量专用部件组成的卧式组合机床。图2-1 卧式组合机床及其组成部件1中间底座；2夹具；3主轴箱；4动力箱5滑台；6滑座；7床身（侧底座）组合机床常用的通用部件有：动力部件、输送部件、支承部件、控制部件和辅助部件。其中动力部件有4种：（1）主运动动力部件动力箱、多轴箱、单轴头；（2）进给运动部件液压滑台、机械滑台； （3）既能实现主运动又能实现进给运动的部件动力头；为单轴头变化主轴转速的跨系列通用部件。动力箱、各种工艺切削头和动力滑台是组合机床完成切削主运动或进给运动的动力部件。其中还有能同时完成切削主运动和进给运动的动力头。而只能完成进给运动的动力部件称为动力滑台。固定在动力箱上的主轴箱是用来布置切削主轴，并把动力箱输出轴的旋转运动传递给各主轴的切削刀具，由于各主轴的位置与具体被加工零件有关，因此主轴箱必须根据被加工零件设计，不能制造成完全通用的部件，但其中有很多零件（例如：主轴、传动轴、齿轮和箱体等）是通用的。床身、立柱、中间底座等是组合机床的支承部件，起着机床的基础骨架作用。组合机床的刚度和部件之间的精度保持性，主要是由这些部件保证。移动的或回转的工作台的重复定位精度直接影响组合机床的加工精度。除了上述主要部件之外，组合机床还有各种控制部件，主要是控制机床按顺序动作，以保证机床按规定的程序进行工作。组合机床的通用部件，绝大多数已颁布成国家标准，并按标准规定的名义尺寸、主参数、互换尺寸等定型，各通用部件之间有配套关系。因此，在进行本设计时，主要根据被加工零件的尺寸、形状和技术要求等来完成组合机床的整体设计。2.2 攻丝组合机床的结构方案通用机床加工螺纹的特点是主运动和进给运动之间保持严格的传动比关系，即内联系传动。攻丝组合机床也不例外，根据实现内联系传动系统所选用的机构不同，攻丝组合机床可以分为下列两大类：1）采用攻丝动力头的攻丝组合机床攻丝动力头用于同一方向单纯攻丝工序。利用丝杠进给，攻丝行程较大，但结构复杂，传动误差大，所以加工螺纹精度较低（一般低于7H级），因此未能得到广泛的应用。2）采用攻丝靠模装置的组合机床用攻丝靠模装置加工内螺纹的特点是，攻丝主轴系统的进给运动由攻丝靠模机构得到。靠模机构由靠模螺杆和靠模螺母组成，其螺距应等于被加工螺孔的螺距，当靠模螺杆每转一转时，则带动丝锥向前进给一个螺距，要求尽量接近。攻丝靠模应用于攻丝装置中的情况如图2-2所示。从图中可见，电机传动主轴通过靠模螺杆带动丝锥回转，靠模螺杆5通过攻丝卡头6与丝锥连接，攻丝卡头6是攻丝主轴靠模系统进给量与丝锥自行引进量的补偿环节。当主轴及靠模螺杆5正转时，由于靠模螺母4的作用，使靠模螺杆按螺母的螺距带动丝锥进给，攻丝结束后，主轴反转，丝锥退回。由于攻丝过程中，只是靠模螺杆5带动丝 图2-2 攻丝装置原理图锥轴向移动，因此主轴与靠模螺杆连接处轴向 1电机；2多轴箱；3主轴；可以相对滑动，一般用滑键连接，滑动的最大 4靠模螺母；5靠模螺杆；6攻丝卡头距离即攻丝的最大行程，一般不超过。此种攻丝方法，靠模可以经磨制得到较准确的螺距，由于靠模螺杆带动丝锥进给比较轻巧，同时又有攻丝接杆补偿攻丝主轴靠模系统与丝锥自行引进的进给差，因而攻丝时可得到较高的精度。该靠模装置除了具有结构简单、制造成本较低的特点外，还由于每根靠模螺杆都各自具有自己的螺距数值，因此可用一个攻丝装置方便地加工出不同尺寸规格的螺纹，且可各自选用合理的切削用量，目前应用很广泛。综上所述，可知攻丝工序的工作循环如下：Error! No bookmark name given.外文原文1. Domestic and foreign similar research situation1.1 Foreign research situationIn 1952 the United States has produced the first nc machine tools, since then, Japan, Germa- ny,Italy and other countries the woodworking machinery manufacturer of some used mechanical and electrical integration technology, have introduced all kinds of advanced machine tools. At pr esent,threadmachines have and hydraulic system, pneumatic system and the numerical control s- ystem with produced a lot of advanced tapping machine, for example: the Spanish just CMA tap- ping machine series, etc.At present, the machine tool is to compounding, fast pace, precision, highXiaoNengHua, in- telligent, environmental protection and development direction processing are threaded to high ef- ficiency, high own degrees, high productivity, high automation, high localization speed and high cutting speed, low cost development direction.1.2 The domestic research situationSince our country since the reform and opening up, although machine processing machinery technology level and product quality has improved significantly, but with the advanced different- ce is bigger th an the developed countries, the main problems: level is low, the generic small var- iety, auto mation, high degree, visual quality is not high, machine tool machinery qualified rate l- ow, is far lower than the similar average rate of mechanical products. Thread machine tools and- other machine tools development is slow.Domestic production in normal function of machine, CNC affordable performance and reli- ability have already had a stronger market competition force.But in the high-end and numerical control machine tool, and some advanced foreign compa- red to products, a relatively large gap still exists. Threads of numerical control processing level is very low. Al though our country now level is very low but we have a very good prospects for de- velopment: first of all, Chinas policy adjustment is beneficial to the development of the industry of lathe; Second, the industrial transfer to the development of the industry of lathe brought opportunity; Third, the downstream indu s try grow quickly; Fourth, numerical control lathe consumption is growing rapidly. And the processing thr ead tapping machine is only part of the lathe, of course also have very good prospects for develop ment. At present home has a lot of combination machine tools still using relay control, difficult to use, and rel atively backward. And foreign insurance is more advanced PLC technology integrated control to achieve production automation, has formed a series of high degree of automation production lines, enhanced the production efficiency and save cost.2. Combination machine tools and characteristicsCombination machine tools is made of a number of general parts and a small amount of special pa rts of the process of high efficiency on special machine. It can be to a (or more) parts many knives, shaft, face, and more progressive processing. In combination machine tools can be complete drilling, reaming, boring, tapping, turning, milling, grinding and rolling process, high efficiency, the processing quality is stable.Combination machine tools and general machine tools, and other special machine tool is, has the following features:(1) combination machine tools on the general parts and standard parts of all about the total amount of machine tool parts, so the design and manufacture of cycle is short, less investment, economic effect is good.(2) the combination machine tools with many knives processing, and a high degree of automation, than general machine tools and high efficiency, stable product quality, low labor strength.(3) the general parts combination machine tools is a careful design and production practice of long -term test, and the special factory to manufacture, so the structure is stable, reliable, use and conveni ent maintenance.(4) in combination machine tools in processing parts, due to the special jig, cutting tool and orient tation device, processing technology and equipment guarantee on quality, to the operation of the technology level workers is not high.(5) when the products processed update, using other types of special machine tool, most of its com ponent to discard. Use combination machine tools, its general parts and standard parts can use again, need not be design and manufacturing.(6) combination machine tools is easy to represent combination machine tools automatic line, in ord er to adapt to the mass production needs.Combination machine tools commonly used general parts are: power components, transmission pa rts, supporting components, control unit and accessories. Among them there are four power components: (1) the main movement power components-power box, spindle box, single shaft head; (2) to give the moving parts-hydraulic slider platform, mechanical slippery Taiwan; (3) can not only realize the movement and can realize the moving parts-power head; For single axis head spindle speed change across the series general parts.Power box, all kinds of technology and dynamic cutting head slide one is combination machine tools to complete the movement or cutting into the power components to movement. Still have among them can finish at the same time cutting the movement and the movement of the dynamic head. And can com plete the movement of the power components called dynamic slippery sets. Fixed in power box on the spindle box is used to decorate cutting spindle, and the output power box the axis of rotation movement transfer to the axis of cutting tool, because each axis of position and concrete was processing compon ents related, so spindle box must according to be processing components design, cant produce a comp letely general parts, but many of them parts (for example: spindle, the drive shaft, and gear and case etc) is a general purpose.Lathe bed, pillar, middle base is combination machine tools such as the bearing parts, plays a role of machine tool based framework. The stiffness of the combination machine tools and parts of between accuracy stable, mainly is made from these parts guarantee. Mobile or rotary worktable repositioning pr ecision of the direct impact combination machine tools processing precision.In addition to the main parts besides, combination machine tools and various control parts, main is to control the machine action in order, in order to ensure that the machine according to prescribed pro cedures.Combination machine tools of general parts, most has released into the national standards, and the name of the regulation according to the standard size, main parameters, exchange size to finalize the de sign, the relationship between general parts with that.Therefore, in this design, the main according to be processing components to size, shape and technical requirements, etc to complete the integral design of the combination machine tools.2.2. Tapping combination machine tools structure schemeGeneral machine tool is characteristic of the main thread movement and the movement between maintain strict transmission ratio relations, namely inside contact transmission. Tapping combination ma chine tools is not exceptional also, according to achieve contact transmission system in the use of different agencies, tapping combination machine tools can be classified into the following two categories:1) with tapping power head tapping combination machine toolsTapping power head to the same direction simply tapping process. Use the ball screw, tapping stro ke is larger, but structure is complex, transmission error, so low precision processing thread (usually less than 7 class H), therefore failed to be widely used.2) using tapping on the combination of the mould device of machine toolsBy tapping on mould device of the characteristics of the threaded processing, tapping spindle syst em by tapping into to movement modeling agencies to get. By modeling agencies modeling screw and modeling nut composition, the pitch by processing screw holes should be equal to the pitch, when modeling screw every around, then drive taps go forward to a pitch, as close as required.Tapping modeling used in tapping device of the situation as shown in figure 2-2 shows. From the gr aph shows, spindle motor drive through modeling screw drive taps rotary, modeling screw 5 through the tapping card first six and taps connection, tapping card first six is tapping spindle modeling system and taps to introduce feed amount of compensation link.When spindle and modeling screw 5 are turning, because the screw modelingMother 4 in the role of the modeling screw press nut pitch drive silk Then attack h2, here are the bar, the three small house heBecause tapping process, just modeling screw 5 drive silk figure 2-2 tapping device principle diagram Cone axial movement, thus spindle and modeling screw connection to the axial 1-motor; 2-spindle box; 3-spindle;Can relative sliding, generally with the slippery key links, the biggest 4-slide modeling nuts; 5-mode ling screw; 6-tapping card head Distance is tapping the biggest travel, usually less than.This kind of tapping method, the modeling can get more accurate pitch grinding, because modeling screw drive taps into give is smaller and lighter, and at the same time and tapping by rod compensation tapping spindle system and taps to modeling of the introduction of the poor, so when tapping can get a higher precision. The modeling device besides have simple structure, low cost manufacturing character istics outside, still with each root modeling screw each with their own pitch numerical, so it can be a tap ping device easily work out a variety of sizes, thread, and their respective choosing reasonable cutting dosages, at present the application is very extensive.To sum up, it can be seen that the work of tapping process cycle as follows. 中国地质大学长城学院 本 科 毕 业 设 计题目 钻攻零件侧孔机床的攻丝左主轴箱设计 系 别 工程技术系 专 业机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名 李高卫 学 号 05208317 指导教师 李敬 职 称 教授 2012年 5 月 日文献综述中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计（论文）文献综述系 别： 工程技术系 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名： 李高卫 学 号： 05208317 2012年 月日文 献 综 述摘 要综述了国内组合机床技术装备的现状和行业的发展方向,并提出了一些观点。关键词：组合机床；主轴箱 ；制约；通用机床；专用机床我国加入WTO 以后,制造业所面临的机遇与挑战并存。组合机床行业企业适时调整战略,采取了积极的应对策略,出现了产、销两旺的良好势头,截至2002 年9 月份,组合机床行业企业仅组合机床产品一项,据不完全统计产量已达800 余台,产值达3个亿以上,2001 年同比增长了10 %以上, 另外组合机床行业工业增加值、产品销售率、全员工资总额、出口交货值等经济指标均有不同程度的增长,新产品、新技术较去年均有大幅度提高,可见行业企业运营状况良好1。1 组合机床技术装备现状组合机床及其自动线是集机电于一体的综合自动化程度较高的制造技术和成套工艺装备。它的特征是高效、高质、经济实用,因而被广泛应用于工程机械、交通、能源、军工、轻工、家电等行业2。我国传统的组合机床及组合机床自动线主要采用机、电、气、液压控制,它的加工对象主要是生产批量比较大的大中型箱体类和轴类零件(近年研制的组合机床加工连杆、板件等也占一定份额) ,完成钻孔、扩孔、铰孔,加工各种螺纹、镗孔、车端面和凸台,在孔内镗各种形状槽,以及铣削平面和成形面等3。组合机床的分类繁多,有大型组合机床和小型组合机床,有单面、双面、三面、卧式、立式、倾斜式、复合式,还有多工位回转台式组合机床等;随着技术的不断进步,一种新型的组合机床柔性组合机床越来越受到人们的青睐,它应用多位主轴箱、可换主轴箱、编码随行夹具和刀具的自动更换,配以可编程序控制器( PLC) 、数字控制(NC) 等,能任意改变工作循环控制和驱动系统,并能灵活适应多品种加工的可调可变的组合机床4。另外,近年来组合机床加工中心、数控组合机床、机床辅机(清洗机、装配机、综合测量机、试验机、输送线) 等在组合机床行业中所占份额也越来越大5。由于组合机床及其自动线是一种技术综合性很高的高技术专用产品,是根据用户特殊要求而设计的,它涉及到加工工艺、刀具、测量、控制、诊断监控、清洗、装配和试漏等技术。我国组合机床及组合机床自动线总体技术水平比发达国家要相对落后,国内所需的一些高水平组合机床及自动线几乎都从国外进口。工艺装备的大量进口势必导致投资规模的扩大,并使产品生产成本提高。因此,市场要求我们不断开发新技术、新工艺,研制新产品,由过去的“刚性”机床结构,向“柔性”化方向发展,满足用户需求,真正成为刚柔兼备的自动化装备6。在我国，组合机床发展已有30余年的历史，组合机床是以通用部件作为基础，配以按工件特定形状和加工工艺设计的专用主轴箱和夹具，组成的半自动或自动专用机床。其科研和生产都具有相当的基础，应用也已深入到很多行业。是当前机械制造业实现产品更新，进行技术改造，提高生产效率和高速发展必不可少的设备之一。组合机床及其自动线是集机电于一体的综合自动化程度较高的制造技术和成套工艺装备。它的特征是高效、高质、经济实用，因而被广泛应用于工程机械、交通、能源、军工、轻工、家电等行业。组合机床可以完成的工序很多，但就目前使用的大多数组合机床来说，主要用于平面加工和孔加工。平面加工包括铣平面、车端面和锪（刮）端面等，孔加工包括钻、扩、铰、镗孔以及孔口倒角、攻丝和锪沉头孔等。完成这些工序的运动特点是，刀具旋转作主运动，刀具或工件直线移动作进给运动。随着组合机床技术的不断发展，其工艺范围也在不断扩大，例如车外圆、铣外圆、切外螺纹、滚压孔、拉削、磨削、垳磨、抛光、甚至冲压、焊接、热处理等工序也可以在组合机床上完成，此外，组合机床还能完成自动测量和自动装配等工序。随着组合机床技术水平的不断提高，特别是可调、快调，适应多品种小批量生产特点的柔性组合机床的应用范围的发展完善，组合机床将会得到更广泛的应用。所以组合机床能适用以上的要求，能够满足目前的生产要求。2 通用机床与专用机床当前机械制造业产品更新加速，进行技术改造，提高生产效率和高速发展是机械制造业发展的重要目标。通用机床虽然工艺范围很广，能够完成多