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关键词：: 液体灌装生产线瓶盖设计图纸优秀优良

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液体灌装生产线上拧瓶盖机的设计

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摘要

　　　回转式拧瓶盖机适用于带螺纹的盖与瓶的旋盖，市场上现有的回转式拧瓶盖机大多数是半自动的包装机，瓶盖的疏理大多由人工来完成，生产效率不是很高，而且加大了劳动的强度，再生产时有一定的危险，本设计为自动理盖而且是多工位拧盖机。

　　　本文介绍了题目的研究背景和意义，论述了拧盖机在国内外的发展状况，介绍了本次设计研究的内容及方法。本次设计的重点是拧盖机的总体设计方案、过程的拧盖、输送方式和定位方法，在此基础上进行了运动与结构的设计。本次设计采用的拧盖方法是回转式的，是通过圆柱凸轮的轮廓线来实现拧盖头的上下往复运动的，通过锥齿轮传递转矩；而且在满足拧盖机原理的条件下，充分考虑了整机的布局和经济性，不但结构简单明了，操作方便而且本课题的设计实现了从进瓶到出瓶的全部自动化，具有速度可调、定位准确、旋盖可靠、运行平稳、无噪音和不伤瓶盖等优点，克服了传统机构的缺点，总体上达到了我们预期设计的目标。　　

关键词：拧瓶盖机构；理盖机构；传送；自动化；转盘

摘要III

AbstractIV

1 绪论1

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义1

1.2 国内外的发展概况1

1.3 本课题应达到的要求1

2 总体方案设计2

2.1 方案一的介绍2

2.2 方案二的介绍2

2.3 方案比较2

2.4 采用方案的详细设计3

2.4.1 上盖装置的设计3

2.4.2 传送带的设计4

2.4.3 底座箱的设计4

2.4.4 拧盖机构的设计4

2.4.5 转盘的设计5

3 总装图的确定6

3.1 主要技术参数的确定6

3.1.1 电机的选择6

3.2 传动方案的确定7

3.3 结构方案的确定7

4 部件装配图的确定9

4.1 带传动的计算9

4.2 轴的设计计算和校核11

4.2.1 轴的结构设计及选材11

4.2.2 轴的设计计算11

4.2.3 轴的校核计算12

4.3 齿轮的计算和校核12

4.3.1 齿轮材料处理工艺及制造工艺的选定12

4.3.2 确定各主要参数13

4.3.3 传动比13

4.3.4 齿轮模数m13

4.3.5 齿轮接触疲劳强度计算13

4.3.6 齿轮强度校核14

4.4 锥齿轮的计算和校核19

4.4.1 选取齿轮类型，精度等级，材料及齿数19

4.4.2 按齿面接触强度设计19

4.4.3 设计计算19

4.4.4 按齿根弯曲强度设计20

4.4.5 设计计算21

4.4.6 几何尺寸计算22

4.5 键的计算和校核23

4.5.1 键的选择计算23

4.5.2 键的校核23

4.6 轴承的选择和校核23

4.6.1 轴承的选择23

4.6.2 轴承的寿命计算24

5 拧盖机的工作情况简介26

5.1 传送及拧盖部分26

5.2 控制部分26

6 拧盖机的安装、维护和安全28

6.1 安装28

6.2 维护保养28

6.3安全要求28

7 结论与展望29

7.1 结论29

7.2 不足之处及未来展望29

致谢30

参考文献31

1 绪论

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义

　　　拧盖机是自动灌装生产线的主要设备之一，用于玻璃瓶或PET瓶的螺纹盖封口。随着社会的发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们对产品的包装质量的要求也越来越高。由于螺纹盖具有封口快捷，开启方便及开启瓶后又可重新封好等优点，使其在许多产品的包装中应用越来越广泛，诸如饮料，酒类，调味料，化妆品及药品等瓶包装的封口就大量采用螺纹盖封口。目前现有的国产同类机型的封盖机的产量，速度和自动化程度都相对落后。为了适应现代包装机高速，高效和高可靠性生产的需要，研制了一种回转式拧盖机，该机采用多工位回转式结构，机电气一体化，具有效率高，速度快，可靠性好和自动化程度高等优点。

　　　包装机械为包装工业提供装备机械，影响着各类包装制品工业的技术水平和产品档次，制约着包装工业的发展和速度。长期以来，我国包装机械行业非常薄弱，形不成规模和水平，致使我国包装工业发展极慢。我国包装机械行业在历经了七十年代的起步，八十年代的发展，九十年代由于包装制品发展的需要而实现了高速度发展，但是由于起步迟，起点低，规模小，我国包装机械总体水平要比发达国家落后20年，国内目前需求量的60%，尤其是技术含量高的技术装备依赖进口。对于包装制品工业，包装机械是我国包装工业的优势。

1.2 国内外的发展概况

　　　提高自动化程度是包装机械发展重要的趋势。产品和产量居世界之首的美国十分重视白装机械与计算机紧密结合，实现机电一体化控制，将自动化操作程序、数据收集系统、自动检验系统更多用于包装机械之中。日本则长于微电子技术，用以开那个值包装机械，有效地促进了无人操作和自动化程度的提高。在计量、制造和技术性能等方面居于世界领先地位的德国也高度重视提高自动化程度。几年前，德国包装机械系统设计时，自动化技术在整个系统操作及运行中还占30%，现在已占到50%以上。

1.3 本课题应达到的要求

　　　目前国内液体灌装生产线中广泛使用的旋开封盖口机大多为直线式拧盖机，为了适应现代包装机高速、高效和高可靠性生产的需要，在广泛吸收国内外先进机型的基础上，设计此了机器。该拧瓶盖机采用回转式结构。本次设计是针对回转式拧盖机整体的设计。主要工艺流程包括：供瓶+供盖—旋盖—输送。同时要求熟练的操作UG软件，进行建模，绘制图3D模型并出图纸。

2 总体方案设计

2.1 方案一的介绍

　　　如图2.1所示，该方案利用步进电机带动传送带将待旋盖瓶传送至上盖装置下方自动上盖并抚平，然后将上好盖的瓶子停止在旋盖机正下方，传感装置将信号传至旋盖机构，通过上部的气缸实现旋盖头的整体下移，通过下部的杠杆机构实现瓶子的夹紧，选盖头旋转将瓶盖旋紧在瓶上。旋盖完成后旋盖头升起，传送带继续前进一定距离，开始重复旋盖过程。本方案结构较为简单、易懂，但是从整体来分析，旋盖的效率不是太高，而且对传送带的各种要求比较高，需要特别订制，成本会提高。

液体灌装生产线上拧瓶盖机的设计.gif

内容简介：: 英文原文Screw Compressors2.4 Review of Most Popular Rotor Profiles2.3 Rotor Profile CalculationFor a further analysis of the compressor geometry, several generic definitions are introduced here. The rotor gear ratio ,whereandare the numbers of lobes on the main and gate rotor. Since the screw compressor rotors are three-dimensional bodies, a helix angleis defined at the rotor radius, whilecorresponds to the pitch circle,. The helix angle defines the rotor lead h, which can be given relative to the unit angle. The rotor length L, the wrap angleand the lead are interrelated. If the rotors are unwrapped, a simple relation between the wrap and helix angles can be established,. The lead angle is the complement of the helix angle. As shown in Fig. 2.3, the rotor displacement is the product of the rotor length and its cross section area, which is denoted by the number 1, while the overlapping areas on the main and gate rotors are denoted by the number 2.2.4 Review of Most Popular Rotor ProfilesThis section reviews a procedure to calculate various screw profiles. Initially a detailed presentation of rotor creation by the rotor generation procedure is given. The rotor profile in this case is a very simple hypothetical one. It has been applied in practice, but also been frequently used for training purposes. Furthermore, this profile may be very conveniently used as a basis for individual development of screw compressor rotors and such use is encouraged here. Based on this, other profiles are briefly derived, like the early SKBK profile, the “Sigma” profile by Kaeser, the “Hyper” profile by Hanbel and the Fu Sheng and Hitachi profiles. Also the symmetric profile and asymmetricFig. 2.3. Rotor cross section area and overlapping sectors2 Screw Compressor Geometry“A”, “D” and “G” profiles of SRM and the “Cyclon” profile by Compair are reviewed. Finally, two rack generated profiles are described namely the “N” and Rinders profile.2.4.1 Demonstrator Rotor Profile (“N” Rotor Generated)The demonstrator profile is a rotor generated “N” profile and is not to be confused with the patented rack generated “N” profile. The primary or generating lobe profile of the Demonstrator is given on the main rotor and the profile is divided into several segments. The division between the profile segments is denoted by capital letters and each segment is defined separately by its characteristic angles, as shown in the Fig. 2.4. The lobe segments of this profile are essentially parts of circles on one rotor and curves corresponding to the circles on the opposite rotor. A graphical presentation of this profile is presented in Fig. 2.5. The following summarizes the specific expressions for the x-y coordinates of the lobe profiles of the main screw rotor, with respect to the centre of the rotor. Givenare the pitch radii,andand the rotor radii r, ,and. The external and internal radii are calculated asand,as well asandfor the main and gate rotor respectively.In the demonstrator profile, segment A1B1 is a circle of radius on the main rotor. The angular parameter t varies between.Fig. 2.4. Demonstrator Profile2.4 Review of Most Popular Rotor ProfilesFig. 2.5. Details of the Demonstrator Profileis given, while and are calculated through the following procedure, which is presented graphically in Fig. 2.5. There the flat side of the profile is presented in the position where points F1 and F2 coincide:Afterandare obtained from these equations,andcan be calculated as:The other angles are:and. On the round side of the rotors, whereis the number of lobes in the main rotor. The radiusis now calculated from:Other necessary angles are calculated as follows:The segment B1C1 is on a circle of radius on the main rotor, where.2 Screw Compressor GeometryProfile portion A1D1 is a circle of radiuson the main rotor,.Segment C1D1 emerges as a trochoid on the main rotor generated by the circle of radius. The trochoid is obtained from the gate rotor coordinates through the same meshing procedure. The circle C2D2 is:Now, when all the segments of the main rotor are known, they are used as source curves. The gate rotor lobe can now be generated completely by the meshing procedure described in the previous section.Although essentially simple, the Demonstrator profile contains all the features which characterize modern screw rotor profiles. The pressure angles on both, the flat and the round profile lobes are not zero. This is essential for successful manufacturing. The profile is generated by the curves and not by points. This further enhances its manufacturability. By changing its parameters,C, r,and, a variety of profiles can be generated, some with positive gate rotor torque, some suitable for low pressure ratios, and others for high pressure ratio compression. The profile is fully computerized and can be used for demonstration, teaching and development purposes.2.4.2 SKBK ProfileAmosovs 1977 SKBK profile is the first modern Russian profile to be published in the open literature and it is shown in Fig. 2.6. The profile has the same layout and sequence of segments as the Demonstrator profile apart from the fact that the circlesandthe substituted by cycloids and the segments AB and AF are generated by point generation. This can be readily achieved if andin the Demonstrator profile tend to zero.Similarly to the Demonstrator profile, SKBK profile has an eccentric circle on the round lobe of the main rotor, which gives a pressure angle far different from zero in the pitch circle area. This further ensures both its ease of manufacture and the gate rotor torque stability. This characteristic of the SKBK profile was published at least five years prior the SRM “D” rotor patents which claimed the same feature. However, since the flat lobe sides on the main and gate rotors are generated by points E and A on the gate and main rotor respectively and since E is positioned on the gate rotor pitch circle, the pressure angle at the pitch circle on the flat side is zero. This does not allow manufacturing of this profile by milling or grinding unless the profile is modified.2.4 Review of Most Popular Rotor ProfilesFig. 2.6. SKBK ProfileFig. 2.7. Fu Sheng Profile2.4.3 Fu Sheng ProfileThe Fu Sheng profile, as shown in Fig. 2.7, is practically the same as the Demonstrator, but has one distinguishing feature. The segment AB is an ellipse.2.4.4 “Hyper” ProfileThe “Hyper” profile is virtually the same as the Fu Sheng profile, apart from the segment AB, which is a hyperbola on the main rotor instead of the ellipse of the original Fu Sheng profile. However, despite such a small difference, the “Hyper” is a better profile giving larger screw compressor displacement, a shorter sealing line and stronger gate rotor lobes. The Hitachi profile has the same layout as the “Hyper” profile.2 Screw Compressor Geometry2.4.5 “Sigma” ProfileThe “Sigma” is a relatively old profile. It was developed in the late nineteen seventies as a response to SRM awarding an exclusive licence to Aerzener in Germany. Other German manufacturers, such as GHH and Kaeser, therefore, needed to develop their own profiles. The “Sigma”, shown in Fig. 2.8 is a beautiful and efficient profile. However, new and better profiles are now available. The flat side of the “Sigma” lobe is the same as that of the Demonstrator profile, but the round side of the profile is generated from the flat side by an envelope of circles, which touch both the flat and the round sides, the radii of which are given in advance. This is an acceptable method of profile generation if nothing more general is known, but seriously limits the generation procedure. There are several modifications of the “Sigma” profile. One of these, which is presented here, comprises a straight line BC2 on the round side of the gate rotor. This modification significantly improves the profile, which is less limited than the original.Fig. 2.8. Sigma Profile2.4.6 “Cyclon” ProfileThe “Cyclon” shown in Fig. 2.9 is a profile developed by Compair. The layout and sequence of profile segments are not so different from the Demonstrator, but the “Cyclon” introduces parabolae instead of circles in segments BC, GH and JH. One of the interesting features of the “Cyclon” profile is the “negative” torque on the gate rotor which results in rotor contact on the flat side of the rotors.2.4 Review of Most Popular Rotor ProfilesFig. 2.9. Cyclon Profile2.4.7 Symmetric ProfileThe Symmetric profile, shown in Fig. 2.10 is very simple and consists of three circles on the main rotor with centres positioned either on the rotor centre or on the pitch circle of the main rotor. Since the circles are on the main rotor with centres either at the rotor centre or on the pitch circle, they only generate circles on the gate rotor with centres either in the rotor centre, or on the rotor pitch circle. Is is therefore not surprising that this was the first screw rotor profile ever generated.Segment D1E1 is a circle of radiuswith its centre on the rotor axis, while segment E1F1 is a circle of radius r0. Segment F1A1 is on a circle of radius r. Both, the last two segments have their centres on the rotor pitch circle. Further segments are symmetrically similar to the given ones.Fig. 2.10. Symmetric Circular Profile中文译文螺杆式压缩机2.4审查最流行的转子型线2.3转子型线的计算为了进一步分析的压缩机的几何形状，几个通用的定义这里介绍的。转子的传动比为，其中和为数字上的主，闸转子的裂片。由于螺杆压缩机转子三维机构的螺旋角被限定在转子的半径，而对应的节圆，。螺旋线角度定义转子引线h，这可以给定的相对的单位角度。在转子的长度L，包角和引线是相互关联的。如果转子被解开，一个简单的包之间的关系和螺旋角可以建立,。导程角为螺旋角的补。如图中所示2.3，转子的位移是所述转子的产品长度和其横截面面积，这是由数字1表示，而重叠区域上的主转子和闸转子的由数字2表示。2.4审查最流行的转子型线本节审查程序，计算各种规格型材。最初转子由转子产生过程的创建是一个详细的介绍给定的。在这种情况下，转子型线是一个非常简单的假设性。它有在实践中得到了应用，但也经常被用于训练目的。此外，此配置文件可以很方便地使用个人的基础螺杆压缩机转子的发展，这种鼓励在这里。在此基础上，其他的配置文件简单地得出，像早期SKBK中的个人主页上，由凯撒“西格玛”配置文件，“超”配置文件Hanbel和傅盛和日立的配置文件。此外，对称的轮廓不对称。图.2.3.转子的横截面面积和重叠的扇区2螺杆式压缩几何“A”，“D”，“G”配置文件SRM的“CYCLON”配置文件康普艾综述。最后，即两个机架生成的配置文件中描述的“N”Rinder的个人资料。2.4.1演示转子型线（“N”转子生成）示威者个人资料的转子产生的“ N”配置文件，是不是要拥有专利的机架产生的“N”配置文件相混淆。的主要或生成叶的主旋翼和配置文件的演示中，分成若干段。该部门的档案分部之间用大写字母表示，每个段分别定义其特性的角度，如在图中所示。 2.4。叶段，这配置文件本质上是一个转子的圆形和曲线对应的相反的转子上的圆圈。在此档案中呈现的图形化表示。2.5下面总结的具体表达式的xy坐标的波瓣的公司的的主螺杆转子，相对于转子的中心。特定的间距半径，和和转子的半径r,，和的。“和的内部和外部半径的计算公式为，以及和中的主要和闸转子分别。在示威者配置文件中，段A1B1是一个圆的半径主旋翼。的角度参数t的变化之间的时。图.2.4.演示简介2.4审查最流行的转子型线图.2.5.详细的演示简介给出，而和是通过以下步骤计算显示于图.2.5在那里侧扁的档案呈列点F1和F2的位置相吻合：和后得到的这些公式，可以计算和如：其他的角度是：和。圆方的转子，是多少在主旋翼的裂片。半径现在的计算：其他必要的角度的计算方法如下：B1C1是一个圆的半径的主旋翼的部分，其中。2螺杆式压缩机几何简介部分A1D1是一个圆的半径的主旋翼，。段C1D1出现作为所产生的主转子上的次摆线型闸转子上的圆的半径,。余摆线通过从闸转子坐标得到相同的啮合过程。圈C2D2是：现在是已知的，当所有的段的主旋翼，它们被用作源曲线。闸转子瓣现在可以生成完全由啮合在前一节中所述的方法。虽然基本上是简单的，演示配置文件中包含的所有功能现代化的螺杆转子型线的特点。上的压力角两者的平的和圆形的轮廓裂片不为零。这是必不可少的成功的制造。中所产生的曲线，而不是由点。这进一步提高了它的制造。通过改变它的参数,C，r,和，可以生成各种型材，一些与正闸转子扭矩，一些合适的低的压力比，以及其他的高压比例压缩。配置文件是完全电脑化，并能可用于演示，教学和发展的目的。2.4.2SKBK简介Amosov “1977年SKBK”配置文件是俄罗斯第一届现代个人资料予以公布在公开文献中，并示于图.2.6。该配置文件的段的演示配置文件除了相同的布局和顺序的事实,和的圆圈的取代由摆线和段AB和AF所产生的点生成。这可以很容易地实现如果和

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