人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 基于UG的家电风扇造型设计及动态仿真【带UG三维】【10张图纸】【优秀】

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基于UG的家电风扇造型设计及动态仿真【带UG三维】【10张图纸】【优秀】

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基于UG的家电风扇造型设计及动态仿真【带UG三维】【10张图纸】【优秀】.rar

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摘要

　　　面对激烈的市场竞争，制造业必须加速产品开发进程，缩短设计开发周期。计算机技术和计算机图形学的不断发展，为人们提供了强有力的工具，三维CAD/CAM/CAE集成化软件被广泛应用于制造业。与传统的装配设计相比，虚拟装配技术能满足并行工程的要求，实现产品可装配的设计，及时发现产品设计中的问题，提高装配质量和装配效果。

　　　研究是在UG软件设计平台上完成风扇的三维造型设计。立式电风扇的外形结构较为复杂，如果用传统的CAD绘图软件设计非常困难，UG可以轻松解决这个问题，UG软件具有很强大的实体造型、曲面造型、虚拟产品装配仿真、工程图生成等功能。论文以从实物到模具的逆向设计过程论述了风扇虚拟设计中的关键环节，即零部件建模、虚拟装配、动态仿真和扇叶的注塑模设计等。并对产品设计中的虚拟设计方法与传统设计方法的差异、优越性进行了比对。通过可视化显示装配、干涉分析然后以求达到准确运动仿真，使生产真正在高效、高质量、低成本的环境下完成。

关键词：三维造型设计；虚拟装配；运动仿真

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 三维造型设计的现状和发展前景1

1.2 常用三维造型软件介绍2

1.3 UG软件的介绍2

1.4 论文主要内容及研究意义3

2 基于UG的风扇设计5

2.1 电风扇的发展现状5

2.2 UG在产品中的设计思路5

2.3 电风扇的建模设计分析5

2.3.1 电风扇的虚拟装配介绍6

2.4 电风扇主要零件的建模绘制8

2.4.1 电风扇罩的绘制8

2.4.2 电风扇叶的绘制10

2.4.3 电风扇后座的绘制12

2.4.4 电风扇支架部分的绘制14

2.4.5 电风扇操作面板的绘制15

2.4.6 电风扇其他零件的绘制16

2.5 电风扇的装配体建模及爆炸图17

2.5.1 装配风扇本体17

2.5.2 电风扇的爆炸视图及干涉分析21

3 动态仿真24

3.1 关于动态仿真24

3.1.1 动态仿真的起源24

3.1.2 仿真技术在产品开发制造过程中的应用24

3.2 电风扇的动态仿真25

3.2.1 机构运动仿真25

3.2.2 电风扇模拟仿真25

4 电风扇叶注塑模设计29

4.1 注塑模设计的基本流程29

4.2 注塑模具的基本结构设计30

4.2.1 扇叶材料的分析30

4.2.2 分型面的选择30

4.2.3 扇叶注塑模具结构及工作原理31

5 结论与展望33

5.1结论33

5.2不足之处及未来展望33

致谢34

参考文献35

1 绪论

　　　计算机辅助设计是一种将人和计算机的最佳特性结合起来以用来辅助进行产品的设计和分析的技术，是综合了计算机与工程设计方法的最新发展成果一门新兴学科。它的产生和不断发展，对工业生产、工程设计、科学研究等领域的技术进步和发展产生了巨大影响。

1.1 三维造型设计的现状和发展前景

　　　市场需求是技术创新的原动力，二十一世纪的一个重大变革是全球市场的统一，它使市场竞争更加激烈，产品更新周期加快。在这种背景下，CAD技术得到迅速普及和极大发展。1991年，美国评出的二十世纪最具影响的十大技术中，CAD便榜上有名。CAD技术从最初的工业设计领域已渗透到人们日常生活的每个角落，从机械、电子、建筑、教学、管理等，可以说无数不包。经过四十多年的发展，CAD/CAM技术有了长足的进步，而三维CAD技术到目前为止共经历了4次大的技术革新。

三维线框系统

　　　20世纪60年代，新出现的三维CAD系统是简单的线框式系统，只能表达基本的几何信息，而不能有效地表达几何数据间的拓扑关系[1]。

曲面造型系统

　　　法国达索飞机制造公司基贝塞尔算法，在上个世纪70年代开发出以表面模型为特点的三维造型系统 CATIA，从而标志着CAD技术突破了单纯模仿工程图纸三视图的模式，首次实现完整描述产品零件的主要信息，使得CAD技术有了实现基础。

实体造型技术

　　　早在60年代初，就提出了实体造型的概念，但由于当时理论研究和实践都不够成熟，实体造型技术发展缓慢。70年代初出现了简单的具有一定实用性的基于实体造CAD/CAM系统，实体造型在理论研究方面也相应取得了发展。到70年代后期，实体造型技术在理论、算法和应用方面逐渐成熟。它带来算法改进和未来发展的希望，同时也带来了数据计算量的急速膨胀。

参数化设计

　　　参数化设计是通过改动图形的某一部分或某几部分的尺寸，或者修改定义好的零件参数，自动完成图形中相关部分的改动，从而实现对图形的驱动。参数化使设计极大地改善了图形的修改手段，提高了设计的柔性，在概念设计、动态设计、实体造型、装配、公差分析与综合、机构仿真、优化设计等领域发挥着越来越大的作用，体现了很高的应用价值。

　　　三维CAD系统的核心是产品的三维模型，它所表达的几何信息越来越完整和准确，解决问题的范围越来越广三维模型包含了更多的实际结构特征，通过赋予零部件一定的物理属性，就可以进行产品的结构分析和各种物性计算，并为后续设计制造模块应用奠定基础，使用户在采用三维CAD造型工具进行产品结构设计时，就能反映实际产品的构造或者加工制造过程，成为实现CAD/CAE/CAPP/CAM集成的基础。

我国在软件和设备方面的发展一直比较缓慢，直到进入21世纪以来，我国的计算机行业有了突飞猛进的发展，正是因为这样，我国的CAD技术才有了进一步发展的空间，在现

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内容简介：: 英文原文 Numerical Control Technology1.Research current situation of NC lathe in our timesResearch and development process to such various kinds of new technologies as numerical control lathe , machining center , FMS , CIMS ,etc. of countries all over the world, linked to with the international economic situation closely. The machine tool industry has international economy to mutually promote and develop, enter 21 alert eras of World Affairs, the function that peoples knowledge plays is more outstanding , and the machine tool industry is regarded as the foundation of the manufacturing industry of the machine, its key position and strategic meaning are more obvious. Within 1991-1994 years, the economic recession of the world, expensive FMS, CIMS lowers the temperature, among 1995-2000 years, the international economy increases at a low speed, according to requisition for NC lathe and the world four major international lathes exhibition in order to boost productivity of users of various fields of present world market (EMO , IMTS , JIMTOF , China CIMT of Japan of U.S.A. of Europe), have the analysis of the exhibit, there are the following several points mainly in the technical research of NC lathe in our times:（1）.Pay more attention to new technology and innovationWorldwide , are launching the new craft , new material , new structure , new unit , research and development of the new component in a more cost-effective manner, developmental research of for instance new cutter material , the new electric main shaft of main shaft structure , high speed , high-speed straight line electrical machinery ,etc. Regard innovating in improvement of the processing technology as the foundation, for process ultra and hard difficult to cut material and special composite and complicated part , irregular curved surface ,etc. research and develop new lathe variety constantly.（2）.Improve the precision and research of machine toolingIn order to improve the machining accuracy of the machining center , are improving rigidity of the lathe , reduction vibration constantly, dispel hotly and out of shape, reduce the noise , improve the precision of localization of NC lathe , repeat precision , working dependability , stability , precision keeping, world a lot of country carry on lathe hot error , lathe sport and load out of shape software of error compensate technical research, take precision compensate , software compensate measure improve , some may make this kind of error dispel 60% already. And is developing retrofit constantly, nanometer is being processed.（3）.Improve the research of the machine tooling productivityWorld NC lathe, machining center and corresponding some development of main shaft , electrical machinery of straight line , measuring system , NC system of high speed, under the prerequisite of boosting productivity.（4）.What a lot of countries have already begun to the numerical control system melt intelligently, openly, study networkedlyA、 elligent research of the numerical control systemMainly showing in the following aspects: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, the self-adaptation to the processing course is controlled, the craft parameter produces research automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, to the feedback control , adaptive operation , discerning automatically load selects models automatically , since carries on research whole definitely ,etc. of the electrical machinery parameter; There are such research of the respect as intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface , intelligence diagnosing , intelligent monitoring ,etc.B、 The numerical control system melts and studies openMainly showing in the following aspects: The development of the numerical control system is on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and support finally, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control target ), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, norm , disposing the norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing instrument ,etc. are the core of present research to pass through.C、Meeting the manufacture system of the production line , demand for the information integration of the manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, it is a basic unit of realizing the new manufacture mode too.2.Classification of the machining center（1）.Process according to main shaft space position when it classifies to be as follows, horizontal and vertical machining center.Horizontal machining center, refer to the machining center that the axis level of the main shaft is set up . Horizontal machining center for 3-5 sport coordinate axis, a common one three rectilinear motion coordinate axis and one turn the coordinate axis of sports round (turn the workingbench round), it can one is it is it finish other 4 Taxi processing besides installing surfaces and top surfaces to insert to install in work piece, most suitable for processing the case body work piece . Compared with strength type machining center it, the structure is complicated, the floor space is large, quality is large, the price is high.Vertical machining center, the axis of the main shaft of the vertical machining center, in order to set up vertically, its structure is mostly the regular post type, the workingbench is suitable for processing parts for the slippery one of cross, have 3 rectilinear motion coordinate axis generally , can find a room for one horizontal numerical control revolving stage (the 4th axle ) of axle process the spiral part at workingbench. The vertical machining center is of simple structure, the floor space is small, the price is low, after allocating various kinds of enclosures , can carry on the processing of most work pieces .Large-scale gantry machining center, the main shafts are mostly set up vertically, is especially used in the large-scale or with complicated form work piece , is it spend the many coordinate gantry machining center to need like aviation , aerospace industry , some processing of part of large-scale steam turbine.Five machining centers, this kind of machining center has function of the vertical and horizontal machining center, one is it after inserting , can finish all five Taxi processing besides installing the surface to install in work piece, the processing way can make form of work piece error lowest , save 2 times install and insert working, thus improve production efficiency , reduce the process cost.(2) .Classify by craft useIs it mill machining center to bore, is it mill for vertical door frame machining center , horizontal door frame mill the machining center and Longmen door frame mill the machining center to divide into. Processing technology its rely mainly on the fact that the door frame is milled, used in case body, shell and various kinds of complicated part special curve and large processes , curved surface of outline process, suitable for many varieties to produce in batches small.Complex machining center, point five times and compound and process mainly, the main shaft head can be turned round automatically, stand, lie and process, after the main shaft is turned round automatically, realize knowing that varies in the horizontal and vertical direction.(3). Classify by special functionSingle workingbench , a pair of workingbench machining center;Single axle , dual axle , three axle can change machining center , main shaft of case;Transfer vertically to the tower machining center and transfer ;One hundred sheets of storehouses adds the main shaft and changes one one hundred sheets of machining centers;One hundred sheets of storehouses connects and writes hands to add the main shaft and change one hundred sheets of machining centers; One hundred sheets of storehouses adds the manipulator and adds one pair of main shafts to transfer to the tower machining center.3.Development trend of the current numerical control latheAt present, the advanced manufacturing technology in the world is rising constantly, such application of technology as ultrafast cutting , ultraprecision processing ,etc., the rapid development of the flexible manufacturing system and integrated system of the computer one is constant and ripe, have put forward higher demand to the process technology of numerical control. Nowadays the numerical control lathe is being developed in several following directions.（1）. The speed and precision at a high speed , high accuracy are two important indexes of the numerical control lathe , it concerns directly that processes efficiency and product quality. At present, numerical control system adopt-figure number, frequency high processor, in order to raise basic operation speed of system. Meanwhile , adopt the super large-scale integrated circuit and many microprocessors structure, in order to improve systematic data processing ability , namely improve and insert the speed and precision of mending operation. Adopt the straight line motor and urge the straight line of the lathe workingbench to be servo to enter to the way directly, it is quite superior that its responds the characteristic at a high speed and dynamically. Adopt feedforward control technology , make it lag behind error reduce greatly , thus improve the machining accuracy cut in corner not to track. For meet ultrafast demand that process, numerical control lathe adopt main shaft motor and lathe structure form that main shaft unite two into one, realize frequency conversion motor and lathe main shaft integrate , bearing , main shaft of electrical machinery adopt magnetism float the bearing , liquid sound pigeonhole such forms as the bearing or the ceramic rolling bearing ,etc. At present, ceramic cutter and diamond coating cutter have already begun to get application.（2）. Multi-functional to is it change all kinds of machining centers of organization (a of capacity of storehouse can up to 100 of the above ) automatically to furnished with, can realize milling paring , boring and pares , bores such many kinds of processes as paring , turning , reaming , reaming , attacking whorl ,etc. to process at the same time on the same lathe , modern numerical control lathe adopt many main shaft , polyhedron cut also , carry on different cutting of way process to one different position of part at the same time. The numerical control system has because adopted many CPU structure and cuts off the control method in grades, can work out part processing and procedure at the same time on a lathe , realize so-called the front desk processes , the backstage supporter is an editor . In order to meet the needs of integrating the systematic one in flexible manufacturing system and computer, numerical control system have remote serial interface , can network , realize data communication , numerical control of lathe, can control many numerical control lathes directly too.（3）. Intelligent modern numerical control lathe introduce the adaptive control technology, according to cutting the change of the condition, automatic working parameter, make the processing course can keep the best working state , thus get the higher machining accuracy and roughness of smaller surface , can improve the service life of the cutter and production efficiency of the equipment at the same time . Diagnose by oneself , repair the function by oneself, among the whole working state, the system is diagnosed, checked by oneself to CNC system and various kinds of equipment linking to each other with it at any time. While breaking down , adopt the measure of shutting down etc. immediately , carry on the fault alarm, brief on position , reason to break down ,etc. Can also make trouble module person who take off automatically , put through reserve module , so as to ensure nobody demand of working environment. For realize high trouble diagnose that requires , its development trend adopts the artificial intelligence expert to diagnose the system.（4）. Numerical control programming automation with the development of application technology of the computer, CAD/CAM figure interactive automatic programming has already get more application at present, it is a new trend of the technical development of numerical control. It utilize part that CAD draw process pattern , is it calculate the trailing punishing to go on by cutter orbit data of computer and then, thus produce NC part and process the procedure automatically, in order to realize the integration of CAD and CAM. With the development of CIMS technology , the full-automatic programming way in which CAD/CAPP/CAM integrates has appeared again at present, it, and CAD/CAM systematic programming great difference their programming necessary processing technology parameter neednt by artificial to participate in most, get from CAPP database in system directly.（5）. The dependability of the dependability maximization numerical control lathe has been the major indicator that users cared about most all the time . The numerical control system will adopt the circuit chip of higher integrated level , will utilize the extensive or super large-scale special-purpose and composite integrated circuit, in order to reduce the quantity of the components and parts , to improve dependability . Through the function software of the hardware, in order to meet various kinds of demands for controlling the function, adopt the module , standardization , universalization and seriation of the structure lathe noumenonn of the hardware at the same time , make not only improve the production lot of the hardware but also easy to is it produce to organize and quality check on. Still through operating and starting many kinds of diagnostic programs of diagnosing , diagnosing , diagnosing off-line online etc. automatically, realize that diagnoses and reports to the police the trouble to hardware , software and various kinds of outside equipment in the system. Utilize the warning suggestion, fix a breakdown in time; Utilize fault-tolerant technology, adopt and design the important part redundantly , in order to realize the trouble resumes by oneself; Utilize various kinds of test , control technology , exceed Cheng , one one hundred sheets of damages , interfering , cutting out ,etc. at the time of various kinds of accidents as production, carry on corresponding protection automatically.（6）. Control system miniaturization systematic miniaturization of numerical control benefit and combine the machine , electric device for an organic whole. Adopt the super large-scale integrated component , multi-layer printed circuit board mainly at present, adopt the three-dimensional installation method , make the electronic devices and components must use the high density to install, narrow systematic occupying the space on a larger scale. And utilize the new-type slim display of colored liquid crystal to substitute the traditional cathode ray tube, will make the operating system of numerical control miniaturize further. So can install it on the machine tool conveniently, benefit the operation of the numerical control lathe correctly even more.中文译文数控技术1. 当前世界NC机床的研究现状世界各国对数控机床、加工中心以至FMS、CIMS等各种新技术的研究与发展进程，是与世界经济形势紧密相连的。机床工业有世界经济相互促进和发展，进入21世界知识机警时代，人们的知识所起的作用更加突出，而机床工业作为机器制造业的基础，其重点地位与战略意义也更加明显。在19911994年间，世界经济衰退，昂贵的FMS，CIMS降温，19952000年间，世界经济在低速增长，根据当前世界市场各方面用户为提高生产率对NC机床的要求以及世界四大国际机床展（欧洲的EMO、美国的IMTS、日本的JIMTOF、中国的CIMT）上展品的分析，当前世界NC机床的技术研究主要有以下几点：（1）.更加重视新技术和创新在世界范围内，对新工艺、新材料、新结构、新单元、新元件的研究开发工作正在大力开展，如新的刀具材料、新的主轴结构、高速电主轴、高速直线电机等的开发研究。以加工工艺的改进创新为基础，为加工超硬、难切削材料及特殊复合材料及复杂零件、不规则曲面等在不断研究开发新机种。（2）.提高机床加工的精度和研究为了提高加工中心的加工精度，不断提高机床的刚度、减少振动，消除热变形，降低噪声，提高NC机床的定位精度、重复精度、工作可靠性、稳定性、精度保持性，世界很多国家都在进行机床热误差、机床运动及负载变形误差的软件补偿技术研究，并采取精度补偿、软件补偿等措施加以改善，有的已经可以使此类误差消除60%。并在不断开发精细加工，纳米加工。（3）.提高机床加工生产率的研究世界NC机床、加工中心及相应的高速点主轴、直线电机、测量系统、NC系统的开发，均以提高生产率为前提。（4）.许多国家都已经开始对数控系统的智能化、开放化、网络化研究A、数控系统的智能化的研究主要表现在：为追求加工效率和加工质量的智能化，对加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成进行研究；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，对反馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等进行研究；还有智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面、智能诊断、智能监控等方面的研究。B.数控系统开放化研究主要表现在：数控系统的开发在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家和最终拥护，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控对象），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通行规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。C、数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式的基础单元。2. 加工中心的分类（1）按主轴加工时的空间位置分类有：卧式和立式加工中心。卧式加工中心，是指主轴轴线水平设置的加工中心。卧式加工中心一般具有35个运动坐标轴，常见的是三个直线运动坐标轴和一个回转运动坐标轴（回转工作台），它能在工件一次装夹完成除安装面和顶面以外的其余4个面的加工，最适合加工箱体类工件。它与力式加工中心相比，结构复杂，占地面积大，质量大，价格高。立式加工中心，立式加工中心主轴的轴线为垂直设置，其结构多为固定立柱式，工作台为十字滑台，适合加工盘类零件，一般具有3个直线运动坐标轴，并可在工作台上安置一个水平轴的数控转台（第4轴）来加工螺旋类零件。立式加工中心结构简单，占地面积小，价格低，配备各种附件后，可进行大部分工件的加工。大型龙门式加工中心，主轴多为垂直设置，尤其使用于大型或形状复杂的工件，像航空、航天工业及大型汽轮机上的某些零件的加工都需要用这类多坐标龙门式加工中心。五面加工中心，这种加工中心具有立式和卧式加工中心的功能，在工件一次装夹后，能完成除安装面外的所有五个面的加工，这种加工方式可以使工件的形状误差降到最低，省去二次装夹工作，从而提高生产效率，降低加工成本。（2

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