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普通车床控制电路的设计57页 26000字数+说明书+开题报告+任务书+答辩PPT中期检查表.doc外文翻译-车床-数字控制.doc普通车床控制电路的设计开题报告.doc普通车床控制电路的设计答辩PPT.ppt普通车床控制电路的设计论文.DOC普通车床控制线路的设计摘要:车床是机械加工中使用最广泛的金属切削机床，它可以用于切削各种工件的外圆、内孔、端面、螺纹、螺杆以及车削定型表面等。现代生产机械多采用机械、电气、液压、气动相结合的控制技术。其中电气控制技术起联接中枢作用，应用最为广泛。本设计的主要任务是依据车床的工作情况确定其传动形式和控制方案，从而选择所用的电动机和电气元件，如交流接触器，继电器，熔断器等，进一步设计其电气控制线路，并能对控制线路进行分析维护。本设计通过顺利完成了车床的主电路和控制电路的设计分析，初步实现了所要求的车床的基本功能。关键词：车床，电动机，控制电路，交流接触器。目录第一章绪论11.1选题目的和意义11.2 本课题概述及其国内外发展趋势1第二章车床简介32.1功能描述32.2 需求分析42.2.1主轴电动机M1控制分析：42.2.2 进给电动机M2的控制分析：42.2.3 冷却泵电动机M3的控制分析：42.2.4 照明装置控制分析：42.2.5 电源指示灯L1：42.3具体功能4第三章电动机简介63.1电动机简介63.2电动机的正反转控制原理73.2.1电动机正反转控制电路的概念及其电路73.2.2电动机正反转控制电路的电路图及其工作原理8第四章主电路、控制电路及其设计原理114.1主电路设计及其原理114.1.1主电路设计114.1.2 主电路设计原理114.2 控制线路设计及其原理124.2.1 控制电路设计124.2.2 控制电路设计原理124.3 电路中的保护环节14第五章主要元器件的选择155.1主要元件的选择及其明细表155.2系统元器件的选择175.2.1交流接触器的选择175.2.2 保护电器的选择17第六章 MULTISIM软件简介196.1软件简介196.2使用方法简介21第七章车床变频调速设计267.1普通齿轮调速与变频调速的比较267.2三相异步电机变频调速的工作原理277.2.1交流变频调速器277.2.2交流变频调速器基础知识287.2.3变频器的主要外接电路297.3车床的变频调速317.3.1主运动的负载性质317.3.2系统框图31第八章常见故障分析328.1常见故障分析328.1.1电动机M不能启动328.1.2电动机M断相运行328.1.3电动机启动后不能自锁338.1.4电动机不能停止338.1.5电动机M运行中突然停车338.1.6电动机过热338.1.7其他常见问题及其原因35总结37致谢38参考文献391.1选题目的和意义本课题是研究车床线路控制的总体设计，通过对该课题的研究，了解车床内部结构并运用所学知识完成车床线路的设计。本课题的设计重点在于主电路的设计，设计时须对车床各种运转方式按具体情况，从设计到设备造价,传动效率和电耗的大小,使用和维修等多方面进行综合分析和对比,最后确定设计方案。车床的线路控制设计是典型的机电一体化课题，通过毕业设计可使所学机械学、力学、电工学知识得到综合应用。结构设计及控制系统设计能力都能受到训练，可有力的提高学生的分析问题、解决问题能力及机电一体化水平。此设计的技术经济指标高低对于机械加工企业具有十分重要的意义。

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关键词：: 普通车床控制电路设计

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普通车床控制电路的设计

57页 26000字数+说明书+开题报告+任务书+答辩PPT

中期检查表.doc

外文翻译--车床-数字控制.doc

普通车床控制电路的设计开题报告.doc

普通车床控制电路的设计答辩PPT.ppt

普通车床控制电路的设计论文.DOC

　　　普通车床控制线路的设计

　　摘要:

　　　车床是机械加工中使用最广泛的金属切削机床，它可以用于切削各种工件的外圆、内孔、端面、螺纹、螺杆以及车削定型表面等。现代生产机械多采用机械、电气、液压、气动相结合的控制技术。其中电气控制技术起联接中枢作用，应用最为广泛。

　　　本设计的主要任务是依据车床的工作情况确定其传动形式和控制方案，从而选择所用的电动机和电气元件，如交流接触器，继电器，熔断器等，进一步设计其电气控制线路，并能对控制线路进行分析维护。

　　　本设计通过顺利完成了车床的主电路和控制电路的设计分析，初步实现了所要求的车床的基本功能。

　　关键词：车床，电动机，控制电路，交流接触器。

第一章绪论1

1.1选题目的和意义1

1.2 本课题概述及其国内外发展趋势1

第二章车床简介3

2.1功能描述3

2.2 需求分析4

2.2.1主轴电动机M1控制分析：4

2.2.2 进给电动机M2的控制分析：4

2.2.3 冷却泵电动机M3的控制分析：4

2.2.4 照明装置控制分析：4

2.2.5 电源指示灯L1：4

2.3具体功能4

第三章电动机简介6

3.1电动机简介6

3.2电动机的正反转控制原理7

3.2.1电动机正反转控制电路的概念及其电路7

3.2.2电动机正反转控制电路的电路图及其工作原理8

第四章主电路、控制电路及其设计原理11

4.1主电路设计及其原理11

4.1.1主电路设计11

4.1.2 主电路设计原理11

4.2 控制线路设计及其原理12

4.2.1 控制电路设计12

4.2.2 控制电路设计原理12

4.3 电路中的保护环节14

第五章主要元器件的选择15

5.1主要元件的选择及其明细表15

5.2系统元器件的选择17

5.2.1交流接触器的选择17

5.2.2 保护电器的选择17

第六章 MULTISIM软件简介19

6.1软件简介19

6.2使用方法简介21

第七章车床变频调速设计26

7.1普通齿轮调速与变频调速的比较26

7.2三相异步电机变频调速的工作原理27

7.2.1交流变频调速器27

7.2.2交流变频调速器基础知识28

7.2.3变频器的主要外接电路29

7.3车床的变频调速31

7.3.1主运动的负载性质31

7.3.2系统框图31

第八章常见故障分析32

8.1常见故障分析32

8.1.1电动机M不能启动32

8.1.2电动机M断相运行32

8.1.3电动机启动后不能自锁33

8.1.4电动机不能停止33

8.1.5电动机M运行中突然停车33

8.1.6电动机过热33

8.1.7其他常见问题及其原因35

总结37

致谢38

参考文献39

1.1选题目的和意义

　　　本课题是研究车床线路控制的总体设计，通过对该课题的研究，了解车床内部结构并运用所学知识完成车床线路的设计。本课题的设计重点在于主电路的设计，设计时须对车床各种运转方式按具体情况，从设计到设备造价,传动效率和电耗的大小,使用和维修等多方面进行综合分析和对比,最后确定设计方案。

　　车床的线路控制设计是典型的机电一体化课题，通过毕业设计可使所学机械学、力学、电工学知识得到综合应用。结构设计及控制系统设计能力都能受到训练，可有力的提高学生的分析问题、解决问题能力及机电一体化水平。

　　此设计的技术经济指标高低对于机械加工企业具有十分重要的意义。

内容简介：: 西安文理学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表题目普通车床控制电路的设计学生姓名王敏学号08102080238专业名称机械设计制造及其自动化指导教师任顺英检查时间2012-4-10班级08机电2班毕业设计（论文）进展情况通过对车床控制线路设计的相关资料的学习，以及对整个设计的了解，现基本完成以下设计工作：1.完成车床控制的设计与分析。此部分包含两部分内容：分别是主电路的和具体控制电路的设计。能够比较理想的实现预期功能，比如电动机的正反转控制电路是由自保电路和互锁电路组成的，既安全又便于操作。2.完成车床的一些附载功能的实现：包括照明电路，失压保护，过载保护，短路保护以及冷却等功能。3.机床重要参数的确定：包括电动机类别、型号的选择，电器元件的型号选择，如熔断器，交流接触器，热继电器等。还有车床的功率，生产能力的计算等。下一步设计工作内容是用Multisim仿真软件绘制设计图身上并进行模拟仿真，如有错误，继续修改完善，直至无误。指导教师意见签字：年月日教研室意见签字：年月日西安文理学院本科毕业设计（论文）任务书题目普通车床控制线路的设计学生姓名王敏学号08102080238专业班级08机电2班指导教师任顺英职称讲师教研室机械毕业设计（论文）任务与要求任务：普通车床控制线路的设计应由三大部分组成：（1）主电路部分，包括电机的正转反转。顺序控制等；（2）辅助电路部分：包括继电器等各类控制元件；（3）保护电路：灯光保护，过载保护等。要求：1、收集并整理关于车床控制线路相关资料，并学习相关理论知识。 2、确定各部分设计方案，并对各部分进行设计； 3、利用仿真软件对该设计进行仿真修改，最后进行实验，直至无误。 4、完成相关图文表达，撰写毕业论文。毕业设计（论文）工作进程起止时间工作内容第12周第36周第78周第910周第 11 周第 12 周查（借）阅资料，学习普通车床控制设计的基础理论和知识，了解所设计控制的功能目的和意义，撰写开题报告。对各个部分的功能任务和方案进行了解，控制线路有初步设计。完善各部分的控制线路设计。利用仿真软件Multisim对设计的控制电路进行仿真调试，有错误的进行修改完善。再利用现有资源进行实验。撰写设计论文，论文定稿整理答辩资料，进行毕业答辩。开始日期 2012.1.10 完成日期 2012.5.11 教研室主任（签字）系主任（签字）英文原文1 LathesLathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring, Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the work piece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool.The essential components of a lathe are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, and the leads crew and feed rod.The bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of well normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides s heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic components are mounted. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted V-shape for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat way in one or both sets, They are precision-machined to assure accuracy of alignment. On most modern lathes the way are surface-hardened to resist wear and abrasion, but precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed.The headstock is mounted in a foxed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end of the bed. It provides a powered means of rotating the word at various speeds . Essentially, it consists of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gears-similar to a truck transmissionthrough which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speeds. Most lathes provide from 8 to 18 speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives.Because the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle, it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings, usually preloaded tapered roller or ball types. The spindle has a hole extending through its length, through which long bar stock can be fed. The size of maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through spindle.The tailsticd assembly consists, essentially, of three parts. A lower casting fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon, with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired location, An upper casting fits on the lower one and can be moved transversely upon it, on some type of keyed ways, to permit aligning the assembly is the tailstock quill. This is a hollow steel cylinder, usually about 51 to 76mm(2to 3 inches) in diameter, that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a hand wheel and screw.The size of a lathe is designated by two dimensions. The first is known as the swing. This is the maximum diameter of work that can be rotated on a lathe. It is approximately twice the distance between the line connecting the lathe centers and the nearest point on the ways, The second size dimension is the maximum distance between centers. The swing thus indicates the maximum work piece diameter that can be turned in the lathe, while the distance between centers indicates the maximum length of work piece that can be mounted between centers.Engine lathes are the type most frequently used in manufacturing. They are heavy-duty machine tools with all the components described previously and have power drive for all tool movements except on the compound rest. They commonly range in size from 305 to 610 mm(12 to 24 inches)swing and from 610 to 1219 mm(24 to 48 inches) center distances, but swings up to 1270 mm(50 inches) and center distances up to 3658mm(12 feet) are not uncommon. Most have chip pans and a built-in coolant circulating system. Smaller engine lathes-with swings usually not over 330 mm (13 inches ) also are available in bench type, designed for the bed to be mounted on a bench on a bench or cabinet. Although engine lathes are versatile and very useful, because of the time required for changing and setting tools and for making measurements on the work piece, thy are not suitable for quantity production. Often the actual chip-production tine is less than 30% of the total cycle time. In addition, a skilled machinist is required for all the operations, and such persons are costly and often in short supply. However, much of the operators time is consumed by simple, repetitious adjustments and in watching chips being made. Consequently, to reduce or eliminate the amount of skilled labor that is required, turret lathes, screw machines, and other types of semiautomatic and automatic lathes have been highly developed and are widely used in manufacturing.2 Numerical ControlOne of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC). Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools ere manually operated and controlled. Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tools, perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills. With manual control, the quality of the product is directly related to and limited to the skills of the operator. Numerical control represents the first major step away from human control of machine tools. Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems through the use of prerecorded, written symbolic instructions. Rather than operating a machine tool, an NC technician writes a program that issues operational instructions to the machine tool. For a machine tool to be numerically controlled, it must be interfaced with a device for accepting and decoding the programmed instructions, known as a reader.Numerical control was developed to overcome the limitation of human operators, and it has done so. Numerical control machines are more accurate than manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the long-run tooling costs are lower. The development of NC led to the development of several other innovations in manufacturing technology:Electrical discharge machining,Laser cutting,Electron beam welding.Numerical control has also made machine tools more versatile than their manually operated predecessors. An NC machine tool can automatically produce a wide of parts, each involving an assortment of widely varied and complex machining processes. Numerical control has allowed manufacturers to undertake the production of products that would not have been feasible from an economic perspective using manually controlled machine tolls and processes.Like so many advanced technologies, NC was born in the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The concept of NC was developed in the early 1950s with funding provided by the U.S. Air Force. In its earliest stages, NC machines were able to made straight cuts efficiently and effectively. However, curved paths were a problem because the machine tool had to be programmed to undertake a series of horizontal and vertical steps to produce a curve. The shorter the straight lines making up the steps, the smoother is the curve, Each line segment in the steps had to be calculated. This problem led to the development in 1959 of the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language. This is a special programming language for NC that uses statements similar to English language to define the part geometry, describe the cutting tool configuration, and specify the necessary motions. The development of the APT language was a major step forward in the fur ther development from those used today. The machines had hardwired logic circuits. The instructional programs were written on punched paper, which was later to be replaced by magnetic plastic tape. A tape reader was used to interpret the instructions written on the tape for the machine. Together, all of this represented a giant step forward in the control of machine tools. However, there were a number of problems with NC at this point in its development. A major problem was the fragility of the punched paper tape medium. It was common for the paper tape containing the programmed instructions to break or tear during a machining process. This problem was exacerbated by the fact that each successive time a part was produced on a machine tool, the paper tape carrying the programmed instructions had to be rerun through the reader. If it was necessary to produce 100 copies of a given part, it was also necessary to run the paper tape through the reader 100 separate tines. Fragile paper tapes simply could not withstand the rigors of a shop floor environment and this kind of repeated use.This led to the development of a special magnetic plastic tape. Whereas the paper carried the programmed instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instructions as a series of magnetic dots. The plastic tape was much stronger than the paper tape, which solved the problem of frequent tearing and breakage. However, it still left two other problems.The most important of these was that it was difficult or impossible to change the instructions entered on the tape. To made even the most minor adjustments in a program of instructions, it was necessary to interrupt machining operations and make a new tape. It was also still necessary to run the tape through the reader as many times as there were parts to be produced. Fortunately, computer technology became a reality and soon solved the problems of NC associated with punched paper and plastic tape.The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions. In direct numerical control, machine tools are tied, via a data transmission link, to a host computer. Programs for operating the machine tools are stored in the host computer and fed to the machine tool an needed via the data transmission linkage. Direct numerical control represented a major step forward over punched tape and plastic tape. However, it is subject to the same limitations as all technologies that depend on a host computer. When the host computer goes down, the machine tools also experience downtime. This problem led to the development of computer numerical control. 3 TurningThe engine lathe, one of the oldest metal removal machines, has a number of useful and highly desirable attributes. Today these lathes are used primarily in small shops where smaller quantities rather than large production runs are encountered.The engine lathe has been replaced in todays production shops by a wide variety of automatic lathes such as automatic of single-point tooling for maximum metal removal, and the use of form tools for finish on a par with the fastest processing equipment on the scene today.Tolerances for the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator. The design engineer must be careful in using tolerances of an experimental part that has been produced on the engine lathe by a skilled operator. In redesigning an experimental part for production, economical tolerances should be used.Turret Lathes Production machining equipment must be evaluated now, more than ever before, this criterion for establishing the production qualification of a specific method, the turret lathe merits a high rating. In designing for low quantities such as 100 or 200 parts, it is most economical to use the turret lathe. In achieving the optimum tolerances possible on the turrets lathe, the designer should strive for a minimum of operations.Automatic Screw Machines Generally, automatic screw machines fall into several categories; single-spindle automatics, multiple-spindle automatics and automatic chucking machines. Originally designed for rapid, automatic production of screws and similar threaded parts, the automatic screw machine has long since exceeded the confines of this narrow field, and today plays a vital role in the mass production of a variety of precision parts. Quantities play an important part in the economy of the parts machined on the automatic screw machine. Quantities less than on the automatic screw machine. The cost of the parts machined can be reduced if the minimum economical lot size is calculated and the proper machine is selected for these quantities.Automatic Tracer Lathes Since surface roughness depends greatly on material turned, tooling , and feeds and speeds employed, minimum tolerances that can be held on automatic tracer lathes are not necessarily the most economical tolerances.In some cases, tolerances of 0.05mm are held in continuous production using but one cut . groove width can be held to 0.125mm on some parts. Bores and single-point finishes can be held to 0.0125mm. On high-production runs where maximum output is desirable, a minimum tolerance of 0.125mm is economical on both diameter and length of turn.中文译文车床车床主要是为了进行车外圆、车端面和镗孔等项工作而设计的机床。车削很少在其他种类的机床上进行，而且任何一种其他机床都不能像车床那样方便地进行车削加工。由于车床还可以用来钻孔和铰孔，车床的多功能性可以使工件在一次安装中完成几种加工。因此，在生产中使用的各种车床比任何其他种类的机床都多。车床的基本部件有：床身、主轴箱组件、尾座组件、溜板组件、丝杠和光杠。床身是车床的基础件。它能常是由经过充分正火或时效处理的灰铸铁或者球墨铁制成。它是一个坚固的刚性框架，所有其他基本部件都安装在床身上。通常在床身上有内外两组平行的导轨。有些制造厂对全部四条导轨都采用导轨尖朝上的三角形导轨（即山形导轨），而有的制造厂则在一组中或者两组中都采用一个三角形导轨和一个矩形导轨。导轨要经过精密加工以保证其直线度精度。为了抵抗磨损和擦伤，大多数现代机床的导轨是经过表面淬硬的，但是在操作时还应该小心，以避免损伤导轨。导轨上的任何误差，常常意味着整个机床的精度遭到破坏。主轴箱安装在内侧导轨的固定位置上，一般在床身的左端。它提供动力，并可使工件在各种速度下回转。它基本上由一个安装在精密轴承中的空心主轴和一系列变速齿轮(类似于卡车变速箱)所组成。通过变速齿轮，主轴可以在许多种转速下旋转。大多数车床有812种转速，一般按等比级数排列。而且在现代机床上只需扳动24个手柄，就能得到全部转速。一种正在不断增长的趋势是通过电气的或者机械的装置进行无级变速。由于机床的精度在很大程度上取决于主轴，因此，主轴的结构尺寸较大，通常安装在预紧后的重型圆锥滚子轴承或球轴承中。主轴中有一个贯穿全长的通孔，长棒料可以通过该孔送料。主轴孔的大小是车床的一个重要尺寸，因此当工件必须通过主轴孔供料时，它确定了能够加工的棒料毛坯的最大尺寸。尾座组件主要由三部分组成。底板与床身的内侧导轨配合，并可以在导轨上作纵向移动。底板上有一个可以使整个尾座组件夹紧在任意位置上的装置。尾座体安装在底板上，可以沿某种类型的键槽在底板上横向移动，使尾座能与主轴箱中的主轴对正。尾座的第三个组成部分是尾座套筒。它是一个直径通常大约在5176mm（23英寸）之间的钢制空心圆柱体。通过手轮和螺杆，尾座套筒可以在尾座体中纵向移入和移出几个英寸。车床的规格用两个尺寸表示。第一个称为车床的床面上最大加工直径。这是在车床上能够旋转的工件的最大直径。它大约是两顶尖连线与导轨上最近点之间距离的两倍。第二个规格尺寸是两顶尖之间的最大距离。车床床面上最大加工直径表示在车床上能够车削的最大工件直径，而两顶尖之间的最大距离则表示在两个顶尖之间能够安装的工件的最大长度。普通车床是生产中最经常使用的车床种类。它们是具有前面所叙的所有那些部件的重载机床，并且除了小刀架之外，全部刀具的运动都有机动进给。它们的规格通常是：车床床面上最大加工直径为305610mm（1224英寸）；但是，床面上最大加工直径达到1270mm（50英寸）和两顶尖之间距离达到3658mm的车床也并不少见。这些车床大部分都有切屑盘和一个安装在内部的冷却液循环系统。小型的普通车床车床床面最大加工直径一般不超过330mm（13英寸）-被设计成台式车床，其床身安装在工作台或柜子上。虽然普通车床有很多用途，是很有用的机床，但是更换和调整刀具以及测量工件花费很多时间，所以它们不适合在大量生产中应用。通常，它们的实际加工时间少于其总加工时间的30%。此外，需要技术熟练的工人来操作普通车床，这种工人的工资高而且很难雇到。然而，操作工人的大部分时间却花费在简单的重复调整和观察切屑过程上。因此，为了减少或者完全不雇用这类熟练工人，六角车床、螺纹加工车床和其他类型的半自动和自动车床已经很好地研制出来，并已经在生产中得到广泛应用。2.数字控制先进制造技术中的一个基本的概念是数字控制（NC）。在数控技术出现之前，所有的机床都是由人工操纵和控制的。在与人工控制的机床有关的很多局限性中，操作者的技能大概是最突出的问题。采用人工控制是，产品的质量直接与操作者的技能有关。数字控制代表了从人工控制机床走出来的第一步。数字控制意味着采用预先录制的、存储的符号指令来控制机床和其他制造系统。一个数控技师的工作不是去操纵机床，而是编写能够发出机床操纵指令的程序。对于一台数控机床，其上必须安有一个被称为阅读机的界面装置，用来接受和解译出编程指令。发展数控技术是为了克服人类操作者的局限性，而且它确实完成了这项工作。数字控制的机器比人工操纵的机器精度更高、生产出零件的一致性更好、生产速度更快、而且长期的工艺装备成本更低。数控技术的发展导致了制造工艺中其他几项新发明的产生：电火花加工技术、激光切割、电子束焊接数字控制还使得机床比它们采用有人工操的前辈们的用途更为广泛。一台数控机床可以自动生产很多类的零件，每一个零件都可以有不同的和复杂的加工过程。数控可以使生产厂家承担那些对于采用人工控制的机床和工艺来说，在经济上是不划算的产品生产任务。同许多先进技术一样，数控诞生于麻省理工学院的实验室中。数控这个概念是50年代初在美国空军的资助下提出来的。在其最初的价段，数控机床可以经济和有效地进行直线切割。然而，曲线轨迹成为机床加工的一个问题，在编程时应该采用一系列的水平与竖直的台阶来生成曲线。构成台阶的每一个线段越短，曲线就越光滑。台阶中的每一个线段都必须经过计算。在这个问题促使下，于1959年诞生了自动编程工具（APT）语言。这是一个专门适用于数控的编程语言，使用类似于英语的语句来定义零件的几何形状，描述切削刀具的形状和规定必要的运动。APT语言的研究和发展是在数控技术进一步发展过程中的一大进步。最初的数控系统下今天应用的数控系统是有很大差别的。在那时的机床中，只有硬线逻辑电路。指令程序写在穿孔纸带上（它后来被塑料带所取代），采用带阅读机将写在纸带或磁带上的指令给机器翻译出来。所有这些共同构成了机床数字控制方面的巨大进步。然而，在数控

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