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基于.NET的实验室设备管理系统设计

46页 17000字数+说明书+任务书+开题报告+实验室设备管理系统代码

任务书.doc

基于.NET的实验室设备管理系统设计开题报告.doc

基于.NET的实验室设备管理系统设计论文.doc

外文翻译--软件体系结构的现状及发展方向.doc

实验室设备管理系统代码.rar

梁泽宇-计划周记进度检查表.xls

摘要

学校实验室设备管理系统是典型的设备信息管理系统（EMIS），要求能为学校实验室管理提供信息化动态化的管理，方便学校实验室设备的管理工作，提高学校设备管理质量和使用效率。而且系统应符合设备管理的有关规定，包括机房的管理和使用记录、设备的管理及出入库记录、设备的维修和报废记录和设备的借用归还功能等。能满足日常工作的基本需要，并达到操作过程中的直观、方便、实用和安全等有关要求。此系统能够完成设备基本信息的输入维护和查询，并提供系统的维护功能,使用户能方便进行数据查询和设备维护。本文对设备管理系统进行了全面的分析与实现,包括设备管理系统的需求分析;系统环境的选择；视图层、控制层、模型层工作流程的分析与编码实现，视图层采用JSP技术来实现,封装了常用的页面标签与页面验证模块；控制层由Server响应客户端的请求,做分发处理;模型层由JavaBeans做业务逻辑的处理。本系统框架层次清晰，功能较为丰富,有鉴于简单操作和界面的可视化的优势。并借助于网络的优势。本系统采用Asp.Net语言，后端采用的是SQL Server 2000 数据库来完成实验室设备管理系统的设计与实现,通过数据操作模块能对本系统的相关信息进行各种操作，界面直观简洁。

关键词：Asp.Net；SQL Server 2000 数据库；实验室设备管理系统

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义1

1.2 国内外的发展概况1

1.2.1 技术可行性1

1.2.2 经济可行性1

1.2.3 营运可行性1

1.3 本课题应达到的要求2

2 相关技术与开发工具3

2.1 Asp.NET简介3

2.2 Asp.NET的安全性4

2.3 SQL server 2000简介4

2.4 T-SQL语言介绍4

2.5 系统开发的环境介绍5

3 系统需求分析7

3.1 需求分析概述7

3.2 后台整体功能模块分析7

3.3 系统流程图8

4 系统数据库设计9

4.1 数据库介绍9

4.2 数据库设计概述9

4.3 概念结构设计10

4.4 逻辑结构设计10

4.4.1 实体E-R图10

4.4.2 将E-R模型转换为关系模型12

4.4.3 数据模型的优化13

4.4.4 设计外模式13

4.5 物理设计16

4.6 数据库的实施16

4.7 数据库的运行及维护16

5 系统的设计与实现18

5.1 系统后台设计要达到的目标18

5.2 系统总体设计分析18

5.3 系统详细功能模块的设计与实现18

5.3.1 系统登录18

5.3.2 系统管理20

5.3.3 机房管理22

5.3.4 库房管理24

6 结论与展望34

6.1 结论34

6.2 不足之处及未来展望34

致谢36

参考文献37

1 绪论

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义

实验室设备管理系统开发主要包括后台数据库的建立和维护以及用户应用程序的开发两个方面。对于前者要求建立起数据一致性和完整性强、数据安全性好的库。而对于后者则要求应用程序功能完备，易使用等特点。经过分析，我我们使用Asp.Net语言，后台使用的是SQL Server 2000 数据库，用面向对象的设计思想，开发和设计了一套设备信息管理系统，本系统操作简单，方便，首先在短时间内建立系统应用原型，然后，对初始原型系统进行需求迭代，不断修正和改进，直到形成用户满意的可行系统。

1.2 国内外的发展概况

　　　可行性活动的主要目标是：进一步明确系统的目标、规模与功能，对系统开发背景、必要性和意义进行调查分析并根据需要和可能提出开发系统的初步方案与计划。可行性研究的目的就用最小的代价在尽可能短的时间表内确定问题是否能够解决。通过调查分析，新系统设计方案有以下三个可行性：

　　1.2.1 技术可行性

　　　本系统采用基于B/S系统结构，Asp.Net语言，数据库开发平台选用SQL SERVER 2005，这两种语言简单，易懂，因此，在技术上是可行的。

　　1.2.2 经济可行性

　　　采用实验室设备管理系统可取代传统信息管理的业务流程，减少人工开支，节省资金，并且可大大提高信息量的取得，缩短信息处理周期，提高信息管理的效率，具有用户使用更简单、界面更直观、权限分配更合理等优点大大减少管理成本。

　　1.2.3 营运可行性

　　　本系统操作简单，易于理解，只需通过简单培训，上手较快，一般只要懂一些网络维护基础知识的人都可胜任。

　　　面对于系统设计还应该以“标准性、安全性、兼容性、高效性、保密性、可维护性”为标准，在着眼于当前实用的基础上，为将来系统的扩展，升级留有余地。本系统的开发应能在较长时间内满足学校的发展需要。故本系统还满足以下这几个标准：

　　　⑴ 标准性：系统的软硬件选型都应该采用工业化标准，这样既可以保证系统运行质量又可以分享在此标准上的每一次技术进步。

　　　⑵ 安全性：通过系统使用权限的限制，控制使用者接触数据的权限，从而确保使用者无法操作与其无关的数据。

　　　⑶ 兼容性：系统的所有软硬件理论上都应有的兼容性，用以保证软硬件的可互换性。

　　　⑷ 高效性：由于员工信息的日积月累，信息每次处理的信息量不断增加，因此系统对信息的处理能力，响应能力都应是快速而有效的，在软件编制过程中应充分考虑到这一点。

　　　⑸ 可维护性：系统软件设计时应采用结构化模块设计，以便于开发和维护，也有利于根据情况随时进行功能调整。同时在系统开发时应该充分考虑到用户的日常维护，使之能简便易行。

　　　通过可行性分析研究，认为新系统的开发方案切实可行，可进行开发。

1.3 本课题应达到的要求

　　　本系统操作简单，易于理解，只需通过简单培训，上手较快，一般只要懂一些网络维护基础知识的人都可

　　　实验室设备管理系统开发主要包括后台数据库的建立和维护以及用户应用程序的开发两个方面。对于前者要求建立起数据一致性和完整性强、数据安全性好的库。而对于后者则要求应用程序功能完备，易使用等特点。经过分析，我们使用Asp.Net语言，后台使用的是SQL Server 2000 数据库，用面向对象的设计思想，开发和设计了一套设备信息管理系统，本系统操作简单，方便，首先在短时间内建立系统应用原型，然后，对初始原型系统进行需求迭代，不断修正和改进，直到形成用户满意的可行系统。

　　　实验室设备管理系统的大致功能模块介绍如下：

　　　⑴ 机房管理：

　　　对机房的信息管理，机房使用记录管理，可进行增删改等操作。

　　　⑵ 库房管理：

　　　包括：设备基本信息管理，设备出入库操作，设备库存管理，设备出库记录，设备维修记录管理和设备借还记录管理。

　　　⑶ 相关统计：

　　　包括：机房使用率统计，设备更新率统计，设备维修记录查询和设备报废记录查询。

图片1.jpg

内容简介：: 英文原文The current situation of the system structure of the software and developing direction In the article of concept of system structure of the software , we speak of from the crisis of the software, have explained origin , defines and the function in the project of the software is developed of the system structure of the software. Then, how is the current situation of the system structure of software at present? What is the development trend of the system structure of software? This is the content that this text will introduce. At present, in the system structure of the software is still in developing rapidly, more and more researchers are casting attention on the research of the system structure of the software. It is still very irregular to use for carrying on model , mark law and tool that the specification describes to the system of the software. Though these irregular models are useful, in order to make it more accurate and more stalwart, the research work in many aspects needs continuing going on.Since later stage of 1990s, the research of the system structure of the software has become a focus . The masses of software worker realize software system great meaning and it that structure study design the importance developed to the software system already, have launched a lot of research and practice work.Is it watch to come by system current situation that structure study from software, present research and to software system description of structure, come to say to still stay on the basis of the thing that it is not formalized to a great extent. Teacher , framework of software , lack essential tool still, the tool should explicit describe, have formalized tool of independent character.At present among the in common use software development approach, it is it use formalized picture and text non- usually to describe, cant describe the interface between the components of existence that the system expects , cant describe the meaning of different systematic association relation of composition . Difficult to understand developer , let alone use for analysing its characteristics , such as consistency and integrality ,etc.is studied Component of system nearly by one when describing formalized method non- as one software, the systematic putting in an position will be influenced too, the efforts in the course of designing a systematic structure are very difficult to transplant to another system. Connect to system component structurization of relation is it get a explicit one to suppose , when the formalized description, it will be risky to transplant such a systematic component to another system, even impossible one.Software system structure is it remain in formalized block diagram stage non- only to study, it has been already difficult to meet the needs of further development. For support based on system structure development , need formalized modeling symbol , system analysis and developing instrument that structure prove. Is it watch to come from software system current situation that structure study, in field this there are progress recently, a representative one Mellon of American Carnegie university among them Robert J.A11en on (Carnegie Mellon University) on Wright system that l997 get out of every year. Wright is- a kind of structure describes languages, this language is on the basis of a kind of formalized , abstract systematic model, have offered a kind of practical tool for the thing that describe and analyse the system structure of the software and structurization method . Wright lays particular emphasis on and describes systematic software component and structure , disposition and method to join mainly. It uses the explicit , independent connection model to come as mutual way, this make system this can spend logic predicate symbol system , rely on specific systematic instance describe the abstract behavior of the system. System this can also judge systematic structure consistency and integrality of specifications through checking in a group of static behavior. By the look of analysis of these characteristics, Wright system is really suitable for to large-scale and systematic description and analysis.Study primary problem of the system structure of the software is how to express the system structure of the software, namely what system structure modeling to the software. According to the difference of emphasis points of modeling , can divide the model of the system structure of the software into 5 kinds : Structure model, frame model, dynamic model, course model and function model. In these 5 models, the most frequently used one is the structure model and dynamic model.This is a most ocular , most general modeling method . The method portray the structure with system component , attachment and other concepts of structure, and is it is it reflect important semanteme content of system to come through structure to try hard, including systematic disposition , restraint , implicit assumed conditions , style , nature . The core to study structure model is that the system structure describes languages.The frame model is similar to structure model, but it does not lay particular emphasis on describing the detail of the structure and laying particular emphasis on the structure of the whole even more very much. Frame model regard some special problems as goal set up only mainly to meet structure of question this.Dynamic model to structure or frame supplement of model , study behavior nature of big particle of system. For example, describe systematic deconfiguration or evolution. The trends may mean the disposition , setting-up of the systematic ensemble architecture or remove the course of the communication passway or calculation . This kind of system is often encouraging type.Study the step and course with systematic structure in course model. Therefore the structure is a result of following some course scripts.Model this think system structure to make up by one group function component according to the level, the lower floor provides service to the upper strata . It can be regarded as a kind of special frame model. Having their own strong points each in these 5 kinds of models, perhaps unify 5 kinds of models together organically, form one intact model it comes to be system structure suitable to portray software. For example Kruchten propose one visual angle model of 4+1 in 1995. 4+1 model include the logic visual angle from 5 different visual angles, course visual angle , physics visual angle, developing the visual angle and scene visual angle to describe the system structure of the software. Every visual angle care one side of system only, 5 visual angle is it can reflect systematic software system contents of structure to conbine together. 4+1 model is as Fig. 1 shows.end user:Function requirementprogrammer:SoftWare ManagementLogical VisionDeveloped VisionScene VisionPhysical VisionProcess Visionsystem integrated person:capability extending 、thuoughput etc. system process person:system topology、installtion、communication etc. 4+1 model is as Fig.Software development model cross over whole software system develop, operate, all work and structure frame of task implemented to maintain of life cycle, provide the relation that software development moves about between every stages. At present, the common software development model can roughly be divided into three kinds: Waterfall model if the demand of the software is totally confirmed .Progressive development model adopted when software development can only offer the basic demand at initial stage, for instance spiral model ,etc. Based on formalization development approach to vary models.All development approaches are to solve the demand and disparity while realizing. But three software development model of kind these there are all kinds of defects , cant well support the development course based on system structure of the software . So, researchers have done certain work in developing the software development model based on system structure. For example, in order to express the life cycle of the system structure vividly, Zhou YingXin Dr. of Beijing University of Post & Telecommunication establish the system of a piece of software the life cycle model of the structure. Software system development of structure large-scale software key link that system develops . The system structure has essential function in the development of the production line of the software, in producing , because of same software system structure , can is it have different a lot of system of function to establish in the development. Share system structure and a group of reusable components between the software product clans, can increase the soft project and reduce developing and safeguard the cost . A product line has public systematic software system that is collected of demand on behalf of one group, they all customize the standard product line framework according to the basic users needs, integrated and got the unique part of reusable component and system. Adopt the production line type mode of the software to produce software , will produce huge programming enterprises. But the software product clan majority produced at present is in the same field.At present, the system structure is still a very new research field, its concept is still quite fuzzy . But software system structure regard as soft project a component of field, having already obtained considerable development, the ones that have been designed with researchers by most software systems are paid attention to. Whether software system structure active research direction include at present. (1)Research of the system structure form foundation of the software; (2)Study the new special high-level language to the question that the system structure of the software is peculiar when described; (3)Set up and is used in the tolerance and appraise the model and method of the system structure of the software; (4)Set up facing special field software system structure Fan type storehouse. (5)Carry out the transition to the theory software system structure from present intuition and experience state.In between software engineer and software description and understanding ability of system of raising, though the system structure of the software describes that plays an important role, these abstract description is usually non- formalized and random one. System structural design frequently difficult to understand , difficult to is it carry on formalized analysis and simulation to suitable for, lack corresponding support tool help framework teacher finish the design work. For solve the problem, is it describe formalized language in reasoning can develop to use for, language these name system structure describe language (Architecture Description Language), ADLs is sought to be increased the intelligible and putting in an position of the system structural design of the software.ADL is this language, the systematic framework teacher can exploit the characteristic offered by its institute and carry on the systematic concept system structure modeling of the software . ADL has offered the concrete grammar and portrayed the concept frame of the system structure. ADLs makes the systematic developer able to well describe the system structure that they design, in order to exchange with people , can analyse a lot of instances with the tool that is offered .The purpose of this kind of description language is to offer a kind of standardized system structure to describe, thus make the automation of the system structure analyse that is possible. Researchers have already designed nearly 20 kinds of ADLs, the more powerful one is C2 , UniCon , MetaH , Aesop , SADL , Rapide , Wright ,etc. Language these can go on to system structure connector the first abstract, at the same time , still can describe the reciprocation between the structure of the model and inside component , and has introduced some new network analysis modes.Work of in this respect to obtain of different system structure principle , arrangement and classification of mode among software development practice software engineer mainly. For example to software system structure classification and comparison of style , describe to the system structure that the synthesis of the language is analysed etc. So far as at present, domestic study on system structure of the software concentrate on to software system arrangement of special knowledge of structure mainly.Recently , develop specific field is it offer for products reusable frame pay close attention to the thing day by day to go. Develop it because of such an idea in these: Can draw common respect of relevant system, in order to can through low to afford to become copy. The common example has: The standard of the compiling device is resolved . This method can make an undergraduate construct a new language compiling system within one term . Standardized communication agreement. This piece can make producer through in to is it drive each other to provide service on being abstract different levels. The fourth generation of language. Utilize 4GL to develop the normal form in common use of commercial information processing. Software system structure make one understand systematic component and frame of the relation between the they, especially those attribute of crossing over time and realizing all the time. This piece understand and systematic synthesis very much necessary future to now systematic analysis. Under analysing and supporting, the system structure catches domain knowledge and real unanimity, promote the implementation of the assessment and component designed, reduce emulation and construct the prototype. Supported by the comprehensive one, system structure offered the foundation of establishing series of products , utilize knowledge structuring of the field and maintain the module , subsystem and system in a measurable way.Is it make system structure design of magnitude understand , realize better to show to system formalization of reasoning of structural design. Purpose of it some experience and method of design come out to summarize summarize , summarize in the course of practising to designer, structure of system, thus form a formalized description , form certain theoretical foundation (in order to replace the present research not accurate). Propose some formalized mechanism already, course algebra for instance , lean towards preface set , chemistry abstract plane ,etc. It hopes to be whether function characteristic provide the form characteristic such as performance , maintainability ,etc. to system, provide the theory of the system structure of the software at the same time .Predict the quality of the software through analysing, establish , choose , assess the system structure different from comparing through analysing. For example, ATAM (Architectural Tradeoff Analysis Method ) method that Kazman ,etc. were put forward in 2000. ATAM method can announce how about structure satisfied with the specific quality demands system (such as the performance and alterability), and has offered the method to analyse reciprocation between the quality demand. Use ATAM method appraise one software system purpose of structure to understand system structural design to meet system quality result of demand. as space is limited , introduce the concrete step in detail again here, interested readers can consult documents about ATAM method . Existing ADLs mostly correlate with field , is unfavorable to the explanation to different domain system structure. But these ADLs to different fieldses are very much the same in some aspects, cause the redundancy of resources. In fact, most ADLs common concepts with a series of. How stand up synthetically with one public form various kinds of language, is it can exchange various kinds of system structure describe message to make, it will be the system structure research of the software and one of Software system structural design since as a part of soft project, computer of it auxiliary to realize means quite important. We should develop some software tool is it realize system description of structure and analyse to come, the developing stage changes tools, the automatic conversion of the achievement by realizing stage, for example, change demand specifications into component wait for automatically. Little about research results of this at present, can apply to actual project develop tool and right away less environment in.Software scale of system become more and more heavy nowadays, have more and more more complicated structures even, the large quantity of system structured from scratch at the same time is reducing sharply, therefore a lot of are leaving over the system and is being utilized progressively . From leave over systems soft ware code and system collect structure information , through describe , unify , not abstract , vague generalization punish with instance ,etc., can summarize the systematic system structure . In this case, software project become more and more important, because it offer one leave over system is it can evolve the systematic feasible way of reality to change into, it is one that can improve people understanding and improvement software activity of itself in software. The purpose of this kind of research is to offer some system structure frames for some software systems of specific application, for instance control system , moving the robot and users interface, etc. Can construct a new software system very conveniently through these frames.中文译文软件体系结构的现状及发展方向在软件体系结构的概念一文中，我们从软件危机谈起，阐述了软件体系结构的起源、定义及其在软件项目开发中的作用。那么，目前软件体系结构的现状如何呢？软件体系结构的发展趋势又是什么呢？这就是本文要介绍的内容。目前，软件体系结构尚处在迅速发展之中，越来越多的研究人员正在把注意力投向软件体系结构的研究。用于对软件体系进行规格描述的模型、标记法和工具仍很不正规。尽管这些不正规的模型是有用的，为使之更为精确和健壮，在很多方面的研究工作还需要继续进行。关于软件体系结构的研究工作主要在国外展开的，国内到目前为止对于软件体系结构的研究尚处在起步阶段。软件体系结构在国内未引起人们广泛注意的原因主要有两点：软件体系结构从表面上看起来是一个老话题，似乎没有新东西。与国外相比，国内对大型和超大型复杂软件系统开发的经历相对较少，对软件危机的灾难性体会没有国外深刻，因而对软件体系结构研究的重要性和必要性的认识还不很充分。自20世纪90年代后期以来，软件体系结构的研究成为一个热点。广大软件工作者已经认识到软件体系结构研究的重大意义和它对软件系统设计开发的重要性，开展了很多研究和实践工作。从软件体系结构研究的现状来看，当前的研究和对软件体系结构的描述，在很大程度上来说还停留在非形式化的基础上。软件构架师仍然缺乏必要的工具，这种工具应该是显式描述的、有独立性的形式化工具。在目前通用的软件开发方法中，其描述通常是用非形式化的图和文本，不能描述系统期望的存在于构件之间的接口，不能描述不同的组成系统的组合关系的意义。难以被开发人员理解，更不能用来分析其一致性和完整性等特性。当一个软件系统中的构件之间几乎以一种非形式化的方法描述时，系统的重用性也会受到影响，在设计一个系统结构过程中的努力很难移植到另一个系统中去。对系统构件和连接关系的结构化假设没有得到显式的、形式化的描述时，把这样的系统构件移植到另一个系统中去将是有风险的，甚至是不可能的。软件体系结构研究如果仅仅停留在非形式化的框图阶段，已经难以适应进一步发展的需要。为支持基于体系结构的开发，需要有形式化建模符号、体系结构说明的分析与开发工具。从软件体系结构研究的现状来看，在这一领域近来已经有不少进展，其中比较有代表性的是美国卡耐基梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）的Robert JA11en于l997年提出的Wright系统。Wright是-种结构描述语言，该语言基于一种形式化的、抽象的系统模型，为描述和分析软件体系结构和结构化方法提供了一种实用的工具。Wright主要侧重于描述系统的软件构件和连接的结构、配置和方法。它使用显式的、独立的连接模型来作为交互的方式，这使得该系统可以用逻辑谓词符号系统，而不依赖特定的系统实例来描述系统的抽象行为。该系统还可以通过一组静态检查来判断系统结构规格说明的一致性和完整性。从这些特性的分析来说，Wright系统的确适用于对大型系统的描述和分析。研究软件体系结构的首要问题是如何表示软件体系结构，即如何对软件体系结构建模。根据建模的侧重点的不同，可以将软件体系结构的模型分为5种：结构模型、框架模型、动态模型、过程模型和功能模型。在这5个模型中，最常用的是结构模型和动态模型。结构模型这是一个最直观、最普遍的建模方法。这种方法以体系结构的构件、连接件和其他概念来刻画结构，并力图通过结构来反映系统的重要语义内容，包括系统的配置、约束、隐含的假设条件、风格、性质。研究结构模型的核心是体系结构描述语言。框架模型框架模型与结构模型类似，但它不太侧重描述结构的细节而更侧重于整体的框架模型主要以一些特殊的问题为目标建立只针对和适应该问题的结构。动态模型动态模型是对结构或框架模型的补充，研究系统的大颗粒的行为性质。例如，描述系统的重新配置或演化。动态可能指系统总体结构的配置、建立或拆除通信通道或计算的过程。这类系统常是激励型的。过程模型过程模型研究构造系统的步骤和过程。因而结构是遵循某些过程脚本的结果。该模型认为体系结构是由一组功能构件按层次组成，下层向上层提供服务。它可以看作是一种特殊的框架模型。这5种模型各有所长，也许将5种模型有机地统一在一起，形成一个完整的模型来刻画软件体系结构更合适。例如，Kruchten在1995年提出了一个4+1的视角模型。4+1模型从5个不同的视角包括逻辑视角、过程视角、物理视角、开发视角和场景视角来描述软件体系结构。每一个视角只关心系统的一个侧面，5个视角结合在一起才能够反映系统的软件体系结构的全部内容。4+1模型如图1所示。图1 4+1模型软件开发模型是跨越整个软件生存周期的系统开发、运行、维护所实施的全部工作和任务的结构框架，给出了软件开发活动各阶段之间的关系。目前，常见的软件开发模型大致可分为三种类型:以软件需求完全确定为前提的瀑布模型。在软件开发初始阶段只能提供基本需求时采用的渐进式开发模型,如螺旋模型等。以形式化开发方法为基础的变换模型。所有开发方法都是要解决需求与实现之间的差距。但是，这三种类型的软件开发模型都存在这样或那样的缺陷，不能很好地支持基于软件体系结构的开发过程。因此，研究人员在发展基于体系结构的软件开发模型方面做了一定的工作。例如，为了形象地表示体系结构的生命周期，北京邮电大学的周莹新博士建立了一个软件体系结构的生命周期模型。软件体系结构的开发是大型软件系统开发的关键环节。体系结构在软件生产线的开发中具有至关重要的作用，在这种开发生产中，基于同一个软件体系结构，可以创建具有不同功能的多个系统。在软件产品族之间共享体系结构和一组可重用的构件，可以增加软件工程和降低开发和维护成本。一个产品线代表着一组具有公共的系统需求集的软件系统，它们都是根据基本的用户需求对标准的产品线构架进行定制，将可重用构件与系统独有的部分集成而得到的。采用软件生产线式模式进行软件生产，将产生巨型编程企业。但目前生产的软件产品族大部分是处于同一领域的。当前，体系结构仍是一个非常新的研究领域，其概念还相当模糊。但软件体系结构作为软件工程领

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