2010高考英语定语从句.ppt

Asoldierwhodoesnotwanttobeamarshalisnotagoodsoldier.不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵。Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。Thedictionaryistheonlyplacewheresuccesscomesbeforework.只有在字典里，成功才先于工作。,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,why,关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,（二）关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。,TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.,YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.,Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.,2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.,LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.,Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.,Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.,注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。,Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.,3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.,Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.,Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.,Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.,Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.,Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.,4that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.,Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?,Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.,Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.,5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。,Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.,Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.,注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：,Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.,Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.,（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.,Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.,Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.,ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.,注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。,Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.,Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.,（四）关系副词引导的定语从句,1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。,IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.,Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.,October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.,Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.,2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。,ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.,Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.,ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.,3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。,Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.,Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.,（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。,B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“的”通常译成主句的并列句。,TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.,Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.,InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.,限制性定语从句举例：,非限制性定语从句举例：,Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.,China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.,一、引导定语从句的关系词,指代人who，whom，that指代事物which，that所属关系whose，ofwhich指地点where指时间when指原因why,二、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。,All_canbedonehasbeendone.Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?Thereislittle_canbebelievedaboutit.Thebookdoesntsaymuch_amuseschildren.,that,that,that,that,先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。,Hamburgisthemostbeautifulcity_Iveeverseen.ThisisthebestTV_ismadeinChina.Thefirstmuseum_hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.,that,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,Ivereadallthebooks_youlentme.Nosample_wenavereceivedissatisfactory.Pleasesendusanyinformation_youhaveaboutthesubject.Heistheonlyperson_waspresentatthetime.,that,that,that,that,先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,Thefamouswriterandhisworks_theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing_sufferspain,death,harm,etc.,that,that,先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.,Who_youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?Who_youaretalkingtoistheyoungfellow?,that,that,Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that。,Welldone!,三、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况,Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,_Ihaventmetforalongtime.,which,which,who,whom,在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。,Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.Thisistheringon_shespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,with_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.,which,which,whom,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。,注意：如何判断介词,Thegirl_whichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.Heistheman_whomIthinkyoucandepend.,1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,for,on,2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Dolphinsmightbetrainedtocooperatewithfishermenandhelpthembyfindingorevencatchingfish,_allofwhichactivitiesdolphinsareexpert.,with,in,3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,Therate_whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.Thisisourclassroom,_whichthereisateachersdesk.,at,inthefrontof,Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5of_arewomen.Thebookcontains50poems,mostof_waswrittenin1930s.Therearetwoleft,oneof_isalmostfinished,andtheotherof_isnotquite.Ihaveasentence,themeaningof_Idontunderstand.,whom,which,which,which,which,名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom,Comeon！,Where引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句。Where在从句中作状语。,Thisisthetownwhere(=inwhich)Ispentmychildhood.Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.Illshowyouthepaintwhereyoufailed.,Theplantsgrowwell_thereisalotofrain.,where,状语从句,注意1,区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句,Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。,Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.,定语从句,状语从句,注意2,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,Thelibrary_studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.Thelibrary,_wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.Thelibrary_youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.,where,which,which,When引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句。在从句作状语。,Illneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)Imetyou.Thiswasthetimewhen(=atwhich)heleftforBeijing.Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewontbebusy.,注意：,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,Illneverforgettheday_wefirstmetinthepark.Illneverforgetthetime_Ispentoncampus.Illneverforgetthetime_wasspentwithyou.,when,whichthat,whichthat,why引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示原因的名词，用引导定语从句。从句作状语。,Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididntcomehere.,Thereason_shegavewasnottrue.,whichthat,whose引导的定语从句。,表示所属关系。,Theriver_banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.,whose,Thereareinthisclass20students,_aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose,引导词的作用你明白了吗？,1、连接主句和从句；2、替代先行词；3、在从句中充当成分。,As和Which的区别,1.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_peopleexpected.2.Heisnotthesameman_hewas.,3.Wemovedthestoneawayfromtheroad,_tookusanhour.4.Hediedofcancer,_isexpected.,as,which,as,as,7.Hemadealongspeech,_wasexpected.8.Hemadealongspeech,_wasunexpected.9.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,_hiswifedoesntlikeatall.,which,which,as,5.HemustbefromCanada,_isclearfromhisbooks.6.Heinvitedmetodinner,_waskindofhim.,which,as,such+名词+as+从句thesame+名词+as+从句,像、一样的，像、之类,和、同类的,as在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语。,Which代替前面的句子，表示“这一点，这件事”As代替前面的句子，表示“正如，好像”,当从句是主系表结构时：As：主句是一种判断，从句说明理由（因为）Which：主句是一个事实，从句是一种评价。,当主句和从句语义一致时，用as当两句语义不一致或从句为否定时，用which,考场思维训练,1.AfterlivinginParisfor50years,hereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Ineverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.A.thatB.whenC.whoseD.what3.Haveyouseenthefilm“BrokenbackMountain”,_leadingactorisworldfamous?A.itsB.itsC.whoseD.which,B,A,C,4.Thisisthebook_Ipaidtenyuan.A.forwhichB.forthatC.whichD.offwhich5.TheteacherdiscussedwithJim,_problemwaspoorstudyhabits.A.oneofwhichB.oneofwhoseC.whoseD.which6.Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom,A,B,C,7.Therearetwobuildings,_standsnearlyahundre